Ancient DNA of guinea pigs (Cavia spp.) indicates a probable new center of domestication and pathways of global distribution

Guinea pigs (Cavia spp.) have a long association with humans. From as early as 10,000 years ago they were a wild food source. Later, domesticated Cavia porcellus were dispersed well beyond their native range through pre-Columbian exchange networks and, more recently, widely across the globe. Here we present 46 complete mitogenomes of archaeological guinea pigs from sites in Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, the Caribbean, Belgium and the United States to elucidate their evolutionary history, origins and paths of dispersal. Our results indicate an independent centre of domestication of Cavia in the eastern Colombian Highlands. We identify a Peruvian origin for the initial introduction of domesticated guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) beyond South America into the Caribbean. We also demonstrate that Peru was the probable source of the earliest known guinea pigs transported, as part of the exotic pet trade, to both Europe and the southeastern United States. Finally, we identify a modern reintroduction of guinea pigs to Puerto Rico, where local inhabitants use them for food. This research demonstrates that the natural and cultural history of guinea pigs is more complex than previously known and has implications for other studies regarding regional to global-scale studies of mammal domestication, translocation, and distribution.Fil: Lord, E.. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia. University of Otago; Nueva ZelandaFil: Collins, C.. University of Otago; Nueva ZelandaFil: deFrance, S.. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: LeFebvre, M. J.. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Pigière, F.. Universidad de Dublin; IrlandaFil: Eeckhout, P.. Université Libre de Bruxelles; BélgicaFil: Erauw, C.. Université Libre de Bruxelles; BélgicaFil: Fitzpatrick, S. M.. State University of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Healy, P. F.. Trent University; CanadáFil: Martínez Polanco, M. F.. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Francia. Universitat Rovira I Virgili; España. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social; EspañaFil: Garcia, J. L.. Stetson University; Estados UnidosFil: Ramos Roca, E.. Universidad de los Andes. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Antropología; ColombiaFil: Delgado Burbano, Miguel Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Área Antropológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute Fudan University; ChinaFil: Sánchez Urriago, A.. Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia; ColombiaFil: Peña Léon, G. A.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Toyne, J. M.. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Dahlstedt, A.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Moore, K. M.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Laguer Diaz, C.. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Zori, C.. Baylor University; Estados UnidosFil: Matisoo-Smith, E.. University of Otago; Nueva Zeland

Global overview of the management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (CHOLECOVID study)

Background: This study provides a global overview of the management of patients with acute cholecystitis during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: CHOLECOVID is an international, multicentre, observational comparative study of patients admitted to hospital with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on management were collected for a 2-month study interval coincident with the WHO declaration of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and compared with an equivalent pre-pandemic time interval. Mediation analysis examined the influence of SARS-COV-2 infection on 30-day mortality. Results: This study collected data on 9783 patients with acute cholecystitis admitted to 247 hospitals across the world. The pandemic was associated with reduced availability of surgical workforce and operating facilities globally, a significant shift to worse severity of disease, and increased use of conservative management. There was a reduction (both absolute and proportionate) in the number of patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 3095 patients (56.2 per cent) pre-pandemic to 1998 patients (46.2 per cent) during the pandemic but there was no difference in 30-day all-cause mortality after cholecystectomy comparing the pre-pandemic interval with the pandemic (13 patients (0.4 per cent) pre-pandemic to 13 patients (0.6 per cent) pandemic; P = 0.355). In mediation analysis, an admission with acute cholecystitis during the pandemic was associated with a non-significant increased risk of death (OR 1.29, 95 per cent c.i. 0.93 to 1.79, P = 0.121). Conclusion: CHOLECOVID provides a unique overview of the treatment of patients with cholecystitis across the globe during the first months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The study highlights the need for system resilience in retention of elective surgical activity. Cholecystectomy was associated with a low risk of mortality and deferral of treatment results in an increase in avoidable morbidity that represents the non-COVID cost of this pandemic

Factores De Riesgo Y Riesgos Asociados A La Manipulación De Pólvora Negra Utilizada Por Obreros Para Voladuras En La Urbanización El Peñón En Santiago De Cali Valle Del Cauca, Año 2010

La salud ocupacional define, un riesgo como la probabilidad de que ocurra un suceso que pueda dañar al trabajador y un factor de riesgo como todo aquello que lo potencia, ya sea una máquina, las características del entorno o un acto inseguro por parte de quien realiza la actividad, estos han existido desde siempre y son inherentes a cualquier actividad que se realice, esta inherencia ha obligado al hombre a buscar soluciones para salvaguardar su integridad física y mental, por medio del control y disminución de los mismos.1. Introducción 42. Objetivos 53. Justificación 64. Marco De Referencia 75. Desarrollo Central Del Trabajo 13PregradoProfesional en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabaj

Silicon Based Suspended Thermometry Device Fabrication for Phonon Ballistic and Coherent Regimes Study

International audienceThis works addresses the current experimental gap in thermal transport regimes and phonon transport at low temperatures and small scales. We have fabricated a (SOI based) suspended thermal sensor platform functional from room-T down to 20 mK. The device will be used for the study phonon transport across several Si-based samples like phononic crystals, metamaterials and nanowires

Silicon Based Suspended Thermometry Device Fabrication for Phonon Ballistic and Coherent Regimes Study

International audienceThis works addresses the current experimental gap in thermal transport regimes and phonon transport at low temperatures and small scales. We have fabricated a (SOI based) suspended thermal sensor platform functional from room-T down to 20 mK. The device will be used for the study phonon transport across several Si-based samples like phononic crystals, metamaterials and nanowires

Silicon Based Suspended Thermometry Device Fabrication for Phonon Ballistic and Coherent Regimes Study

International audienceThis works addresses the current experimental gap in thermal transport regimes and phonon transport at low temperatures and small scales. We have fabricated a (SOI based) suspended thermal sensor platform functional from room-T down to 20 mK. The device will be used for the study phonon transport across several Si-based samples like phononic crystals, metamaterials and nanowires