Análise do risco à erosão do solo no município de Lucena - Paraíba.

The erosion processes are natural phenomena that occur in all environments, but the risk of soil destruction in Brazilian regions is very high due to the susceptibility of Brazilian soils to erosion. The soil loss in Brazil are derived from factors external geodynamics of the Earth, such as floods and floods, landslides of soil and / or rocks and storms. Several municipalities in Paraíba suffer the intense action of erosion. The municipality of Lucena, located in the Paraíba coast, not unlike this reality. This city was chosen as the study area for this work is inserted in two distinct geo-environmental units, the Coastal Plain and Lower Coastal Uplands, which, added to the climatic factors and human interference may intensify existing erosion may result in the occurrence of soil loss and landslides. Thus, this paper analyzed the loss of ground in the city of Lucena through the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) identifying areas prone to erosion. By means of this model has been identified that erosion occurs with increased intensity in the region in which the predominant soil type Alfissol where the degree of erosion varies from 10 to 200 t / ha / year corresponding to a degree of erosion of moderate to high . This area has rainfall that reach a value of up to 8864 MJ.mm/ha/h/ano erosivity, configuring, thus as an area susceptible to occurrence of soil erosion. Finally, it was concluded that the integrated use of GIS and USLE proved an efficient technique for spatial representation of soil losses in the city of Lucena and the identification of areas most susceptible to erosion.Os processos erosivos são fenômenos naturais que acontecem em todos os ambientes, porém o risco de destruição do solo em regiões brasileiras é muito elevado devido a susceptibilidade dos solos brasileiros à erosão. As perdas do solo no Brasil são derivadas de fatores relacionados a geodinâmica externa da Terra, tais como, inundações e enchentes, escorregamentos de solos e/ou rochas e tempestades. Na Paraíba vários municípios sofrem a ação intensa dos processos erosivos. O município de Lucena, localizado no litoral paraibano, não difere dessa realidade. Esse município foi escolhido como área de estudo desse trabalho por está inserido em duas unidades geoambientais bastante distintas, a Planície Litorânea e os Baixos Planaltos Costeiros, que, somada aos fatores climáticos e à interferência antrópica podem intensificar os processos erosivos existentes podendo resultar na ocorrência de perda de solo e em deslizamentos de terra. Sendo assim, esse trabalho analisou a perda de solo no município de Lucena através da EUPS (Equação Universal de Perda de Solo) identificando as áreas mais propensas à erosão. Por meio desse modelo foi identificado que a erosão ocorre com maior intensidade na região na qual predominam solos do tipo Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo onde o grau de erosão varia de 10 a 200 t/ha/ano correspondendo a um grau de erosão do tipo moderada a alta. Essa área apresenta índices pluviométricos que atingem um valor de erosividade de até 8864 MJ.mm/ha/h/ano, configurando, dessa forma, como uma área susceptível a ocorrência de erosão do solo. Por fim, foi possível concluir que a utilização integrada entre SIG e a EUPS se mostrou uma técnica eficiente na representação espacial das perdas de solo no município de Lucena e na identificação das áreas mais suscetíveis a erosão

High Power Laser and Photobiomodulation in Oral Surgery: Case Report

Introduction: The labial frenum is a fold of mucous membrane that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. In some cases, its presence can cause a midline diastema, periodontal diseases related to food impaction, or retention of biofilm, among others. In such cases, lip frenectomy is indicated as treatment, which can be performed with a scalpel (conventional method), an electric scalpel, or a surgical laser.Objective: To show a clinical case performed at Laser Extension Project in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão grounded in a literature review.Case Presentation: A laser frenectomy was performed on a female patient, aged 20, who had a diastema between the upper central incisors and an indication for frenum removal. The high-power diode laser is excellent for procedures in soft tissue because its wavelength is well absorbed by hemoglobin and other pigments; its use also allows a reduction in the amount of anesthetic and medicines used. The parameters used were 2 W, in a continuous mode, 808 nm infrared emission; with delivery of the beam through optical fiber 300 μM; energy of 120 J; 20 pps.Conclusion: the high power diode laser allowed a satisfactory result, the procedure was safe, the technique was a simple one and of reduced clinical time, as mentioned in the literature. It is worth noting that the technique is dependent on the skill of the professional performing it

Carotenoid Production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in Batch and Fed-Batch Fermentation Using Agroindustrial Byproducts

Karotenoidi su prirodni pigmenti koji se mogu proizvesti pomoću biotehnoloških procesa. Međutim, troškovi su njihove proizvodnje relativno visoki, no mogu se smanjiti primjenom jeftinih alternativnih izvora hranjiva. Uzgojem s pritokom supstrata postižu se visoke koncentracije biomase i/ili najveći prinos. Stoga je svrha ovoga rada bila proizvesti karotenoide šaržnom fermentacijom i uzgojem s pritokom supstrata s pomoću kvasca Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CCT 7688 u podlozi s nusproizvodima agroindustrije. Proizvodnja je poboljšana primjenom eksperimentalnog dizajna, pomoću kojeg je optimirana koncentracija nusproizvoda agroindustrije u podlozi. Najveće koncentracije ukupnih karotenoida (1248,5 μg/L) i biomase (7,9 g/L) u šaržnom postupku dobivene su primjenom podloge od 70 g/L melase šećerne trske i 3,4 g/L kukuruznog ekstrakta pri 25 °C i 180 rpm tijekom 168 h, što je 17 % više nego u standardnoj podlozi s ekstraktima kvasca i slada (1200 μg/L). Tijekom uzgoja s pritokom supstrata ispitani su različiti načini prihranjivanja supstrata s 30 g/L melase šećerne trske i 6,5 g/L kukuruznog ekstrakta, te su postignute najveće koncentracije karotenoida od 3726 μg/L i biomase od 16 g/L. Uzgojem s pritokom supstrata dobiveno je otprilike 400 % više karotenoida, u usporedbi sa šaržnom fermentacijom (740,3 μg/L). Stoga je zaključeno da se kvasac R. mucilaginosa može upotrijebiti za proizvodnju karotenoida u podlozi od agroindustrijskog otpada.Carotenoids are natural pigments that can be produced through biotechnological processes. However, the costs are relatively high and can be minimized by using lower-cost substrates as alternative nutrient sources. The fed-batch fermentation is one of the techniques used to obtain a high biomass concentration and/or maximum production. Thus, the aim of this work is to produce carotenoids in batch and fed-batch fermentation with the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CCT 7688 using agroindustrial byproducts in the culture medium. Carotenoid production was increased using experimental designs, which modified the concentration of the agroindustrial medium. In batch production the highest concentrations of total carotenoids (1248.5 μg/L) and biomass (7.9 g/L) were obtained in the medium containing 70 g/L sugar cane molasses and 3.4 g/L corn steep liquor at 25 °C and 180 rpm in 168 h, demonstrating an increase of 17 % when compared to the standard yeast malt medium (1200 μg/L). In the fed-batch production, different feeding strategies were tested with 30 g/L sugar cane molasses and 6.5 g/L corn steep liquor, reaching a total carotenoid production of 3726 μg/L and biomass concentration of 16 g/L. Therefore, the strategy of the fed-batch process resulted in an increase in the carotenoid production of approx. 400 % compared to that in the batch process (740.3 μg/L). Thus, the R. mucilaginosa strain has the potential to produce carotenoids in agroindustrial medium

The effects of photobiomodulation therapy for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity

Objective: This case report proposes a treatment for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) using photobiomodulation (PBT) with low power diode laser. Methods and Results: Male patient, 28 years old, reporting “dental sensitivity,” diagnosed by anamnesis and intraoral examination, with non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) and DH on teeth 15 to 25, with different pain intensities, measured with visual analogue scale (VAS). For DH treatment, a PBT was proposed, with 808nm, 100mW, 20s and 2J of energy, applied during 3 sessions, with one-week interval and reevaluation after 30 days. After the first session, the patient reported improvement of sensitivity in all teeth, except for 15, that remained sensitive even during the reevaluation. Conclusion: PBT was effective in DH treatment, with desensitization being observed for 30 days in 90% of treated teeth.Objetivo: Este relato de caso propõe um tratamento para a hipersensibilidade dentinária (HD) usando fotobiomodulação (FBM) com laser de diodo de baixa potência. Métodos e Resultados: Paciente do sexo masculino, 28 anos, relatando “sensibilidade da dentina”, diagnosticado por anamnese e exame intraoral, com lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNC) e HD nos dentes 15 a 25, com diferentes intensidades de dor, medidas com escala visual analógica (EVA). Para o tratamento da HD, foi proposto uma FBM, com 808nm, 100mW, 20s e 2J de energia, aplicada durante 3 sessões, com intervalo de uma semana e reavaliação após 30 dias. Após a primeira sessão, o paciente relatou melhora da sensibilidade em todos os dentes, exceto no 15, que permaneceu sensível mesmo durante a reavaliação. Conclusão: FBM foi eficaz no tratamento da HD, com dessensibilização sendo observada por 30 dias em 90% dos dentes tratados

Photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: Case report

Objective: To report a clinical case using the photobiomodulation in the treatment of the temporomandibular dysfunction providing analgesia and greater buccal opening. Case report: Patient, 24-year-old, female, with temporomandibular dysfunction was treated in the “Laser Therapy in Dentistry” extension project at the Federal University of Maranhão. The diagnosis was made through a careful anamnesis, clinical examination and questionnaire application. The laser device used in the treatment was the low power one whose active medium is composed by a semiconductor diode of Gallium and Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs). The protocol used for the treatment was 808 nm wavelength, 60 s, 6 J energy per point, in a total of ten sessions. In the second session, during the evaluation, the patient reported a significant improvement in the degree of pain and the measure of mouth opening ranged from 25 mm to 40 mm. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation has proved to be an effective modality for the treatment of this disorder.Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico utilizando a terapia de fotobiomodulação no tratamento da disfunção temporomandibular proporcionando analgesia e maior abertura bucal. Relato de caso: Paciente, gênero feminino, 24 anos e portadora de disfunção temporomandibular, foi atendida para tratamento no projeto de extensão “Laserterapia em Odontologia” da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. O diagnóstico foi feito através de uma anamnese criteriosa, exame clínico e aplicação de questionário. O aparelho de laser utilizado no tratamento foi o de baixa potência cujo meio ativo é composto por um diodo semicondutor de Arseneto de Gálio e Alumínio (GaAlAs). O protocolo utilizado para o tratamento foi de comprimento de onda 808 nm, 60 s, 6 J de energia por ponto, em um total de dez sessões. Já na segunda sessão, durante a avaliação, a paciente relatou melhora significativa do grau de dor e a medida de abertura bucal variou de 25 mm a 40 mm. Conclusão: A fotobiomodulação se mostrou uma modalidade eficaz para o tratamento desta desordem

Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial food colourants from Lonicera caerulea L. var. Kamtschatica

Lonicera caerulea L. (haskap) berries are widely known for their richness in anthocyanins. In this study, such fruits were assessed for their nutritional and chemical composition, but also as sources of anthocyanins with great colouring properties to be applied in foodstu . Haskap presented high levels of water, four free sugars (mainly fructose and glucose), five organic acids (mainly citric, malic, and quinic), - and -tocopherol, twenty fatty acids (with prevalence of linoleic acid), and eight phenolic compounds, among which six were anthocyanins (mainly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside). The extract presented great antioxidant properties, evaluated through TBARS and OxHLIA assays, as well as antimicrobial capacity against six bacteria and six fungi. Two colourants were obtained by spray-drying haskap juice with maltodextrin and a mixture of maltodextrin and arabic gum. These formulations were stable over 12 weeks of storage at room and refrigerated temperature, without significant variations in colour parameters and in anthocyanins concentration. They were considered safe for consumption once neither microbial contamination nor cytotoxicity in non-tumour cells were detected. The results obtained allow for the consideration of haskap as a promising source of colourants to be applied not only in the food industry, but also in other fields that rely on artificial colourants.The authors are grateful to Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019), and FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and FCT for financial support to LSRE-LCM (UID/EQU/50020/2019); national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for M.I. Dias, I.P.F., and L. Barros, and through the individual scientific employment program-contract for S.A. Heleno and J. Barreira; C. Pereira’s contract though the celebration of program-contract foreseen in No. 4, 5 and 6 of article 23º of Decree-Law No. 57/2016, of 29th August, amended by Law No. 57/2017, of 19th July; to FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E; the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-023289: DeCodE and project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural®.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Morphological response and nutritional deficiency symthoms in ipe seedlings (Tabebuia serratifolia) / Respostas morfológicas e sintomatologia de deficiência nutricional em mudas de ipê (Tabebuia serratifolia)

The yellow ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia Vahl Nich.), is a forest species of relevance in Brazil, with characteristics of timber, medicinal, ornamental and cultural interest, in addition, the species stands out in reforestation activities in degraded areas. Mineral nutrition directly affects the production of seedlings, being a very important factor in the productivity of forest stands. Based on that, the present work aimed to evaluate the morphological responses, accumulation of dry matter, quality of seedlings, as well as the characterization of the symptoms of nutritional deficiencies in seedlings of yellow ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia), under individual omissions of macronutrients and micronutrient iron. The design was used in randomized blocks, adopting eight treatments: Complete solution, and individual omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Fe, with three repetitions each.  The omissions of N and Ca were those that most compromised the dry matter accumulation of the yellow ipe seedlings. The omissions of nutrients limited the relative growth of the seedlings, presenting the following order of growth: N<Ca<Mg<S<K. Omissions of N, Ca, Mg, S and Fe promoted a reduction in the chlorophyll index, besides manifesting deficiency symptoms. The omission of K manifested symptoms of deficiency, but did not affect the variables assessed. No effect of the omission of P was observed in the seedlings of yellow ipe.

Anthocyanins from rubus fruticosus l. And morus nigra l. applied as food colorants: a natural alternative

Given the importance of colour in the general acceptance or rejection of a product, the use of colorants is a widespread practice, particularly in the food industry. At the same time, with the increasing consumers’ awareness of the health effects that some artificial colorants can exert, there is a growing tendency to prioritize foodstuffs containing natural additives. In this work, Morus nigra L. and Rubus fruticosus L. fruit juices were characterized in terms of anthocyanins, organic acids, free sugars, and tocopherols, as also regarding their bioactive properties. Given their richness in anthocyanins, this study also aimed to prepare different solid colouring formulations by the spray-drying technique, using as stabilizers maltodextrin and arabic gum. Six free sugars and two organic acids were detected in the fruit juices, as well as the four tocopherol isoforms. Two cyanidin derivatives were found in M. nigra (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-O-rhamnoside) and other four in R. fruticosus (cyanidin-O-hexoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-O-pentoside, and cyanidin-3-O-dioxaloilglucoside). The developed colouring formulations revealed a good stability over time, in terms of anthocyanin concentration and colour parameters, and revealed to be safe for consumption, either concerning their low microbial load and lack of cytotoxicity. Thus, they represent a promising natural alternative to the massively used artificial colorants.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); national funding by F.C.T. and P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for C.P., M.I.D., I.P.F., and L.B. contracts, through the individual scientific employment program-contract for S.A.H., J.C.M.B., and M.C., and A.K.M. PhD grant (2020.06231.BD). To FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P; to ERDF through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural® and Project GreenHealth-Norte-01-0145- FEDER-000042. The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia (Grant No. 451-03-9/2021-14/200007).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF FOOD HANDLERS AFTER EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN PALMAS, TOCANTINS

A mão de obra capacitada em boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos é escassa e as deficiências na forma de executar o serviço são visíveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos manipuladores de alimentos (MA) de serviços de alimentação em Palmas – Tocantins antes e depois dos treinamentos em boas práticas de manipulação. O estudo foi realizado através da aplicação de um questionário, baseado na Resolução RDC n° 216/2004, a fim de verificar se houve a transferência de informações e conhecimentos para os MA em função da percentagem de respostas certas. Foi observado aumento na percentagem de respostas na escala excelente de 55% para 83%. De acordo com esses resultados, sugere-se a cobrança mais efetiva por parte dos órgãos fiscalizadores para que estabelecimentos que produzam alimentos tenham programas de treinamentos; que as capacitações aconteçam com uma maior frequência, para minimizar os riscos de contaminações e consequentemente a incidências de doenças veiculadas por alimentos.   Palavras-chave: Serviços de Alimentação, Capacitação em Serviço, Manipulação de Alimentos. ABSTRACT The skilled workforce in good food handling practices is scarce and deficiencies in the way the service is performed are visible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of food handlers (FH) of food services in Palmas - Tocantins before and after training in good handling practices. The study was carried out through the application of a questionnaire, based on RDC Resolution 216/2004, in order to verify the transfer of information and knowledge to the FH according to the percentage of correct answers. An increase in the percentage of responses on the excellent scale from 55% to 83% was observed. According to these results, it is suggested the most effective collection by the enforcement agencies so that establishments that produce food have training programs; that capacities occur more frequently in order to minimize the risk of contamination and consequently the incidence of foodborne diseases. Keywords: Food Services, Inservice Training, Food Handling

Perfil e grau de conhecimento de manipuladores de alimentos dos estabelecimentos comerciais de Palmas, Tocantins

Alguns manipuladores de alimentos (MA) possuem conhecimento insuficiente acerca da natureza e da origem das doenças veiculadas por alimentos (DVAs), subestimando suas consequências. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer o perfil e o grau de conhecimento dos MA de serviços de alimentação de Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado através de questionário desenvolvido com base na Resolução RDC n° 216/2004 e no instrumento adaptado de Badaró, sendo composto por 14 questões de múltipla escolha e dividido em: identificação, dados socioeconômicos e conhecimentos específicos. Foi possível verificar que o nível de conhecimento dos MA foi considerado baixo quanto às possíveis contaminações e prevenções que podem ser realizadas relacionadas aos alimentos. Sugere-se a implantação de capacitação e educação continuada com os MA para um melhor desempenho e cuidados nesta área, tendo em vista que no setor alimentar geralmente são contratados profissionais sem experiência na função que irão desempenhar.   Palavras-chave: Manipulação de Alimentos; Alimentos; Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos. ABSTRACT Some food handlers (FH) have insufficient knowledge about the nature and origin of foodborne diseases (FD), underestimating their consequences. The objective of this study was to establish the profile and level of knowledge of the MA of food services in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. The study was carried out through a questionnaire developed based on RDC Resolution 216/2004 and the instrument adapted from Badaró. It was composed of 14 multiple choice questions divided into: identification, socioeconomic data and specific knowledge. It was possible to verify that the level of knowledge of FH was considered low regarding possible contaminations and preventions that can be carried out related to food. It is suggested the implementation of training and continuing education with FH for better performance and care in this area, considering that in the food sector usually professionals are hired without experience in the function they will perform. Keywords: Food Handling; Food; Foodborne Diseases