Inclusión de docentes con discapacidad en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano. Una revisión sistemática

The objective of this article was to analyze under what circumstances the inclusion of teachers with disabilities in the Ecuadorian educational system has occurred, being pertinent for this from a systematic review to identify the key points and challenges that these teachers have faced in their training process and as professionals. The methodology of this article was directed from a non-experimental design of basic level; As for the modality of the research, it was documentary, taking into consideration that it was worth a systematic review to contrast what has happened on the inclusion of teachers with disabilities; Regarding the scope of the study, it was descriptive, taking into consideration that an in-depth investigation of the object of study was required, being pertinent to evaluate contributions made by other authors at the international, regional and local levels; No less important, the focus of the study was qualitative, which allowed the results to be presented in detail. The results obtained reflected that the limitations towards teachers with disabilities are several both in the region and worldwide, given that it is still common to identify dynamics of discrimination and ableism. It is concluded that given the lack of research in the Ecuadorian context on the inclusion of teachers with disabilities, it is not possible to list the challenges that these teachers face in their previous process (teacher training) and when exercising their profession, which generates uncertainty if contrasted with the challenges, limitations, gaps and discrimination El objetivo de este artículo se direccionó a analizar bajo qué circunstancias se ha dado la inclusión de docentes con discapacidad en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano, siendo pertinente para esto a partir de una revisión sistemática para identificar los puntos clave y desafíos que han afrontado estos maestros en su proceso de formación y como profesionales. La metodología del presente artículo se direccionó desde un diseño no experimental de nivel básico; en cuanto a la modalidad de la investigación fue de tipo documental, teniendo en consideración que se preció de una revisión sistemática para efectuar el contraste de lo que ha acontecido sobre la inclusión de docentes con discapacidad; respecto al alcance de estudio fue descriptivo, teniendo en consideración que se precisó de una indagación a profundidad sobre el objeto de estudio, siendo pertinente evaluar aportes realizados desde otros autores a nivel internacional, regional y local; no menos importante el enfoque del estudio fue cualitativo, lo cual permitió exponer los resultados de manera detallada. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron que las limitaciones hacia los docentes con discapacidad son varios tanto en la región como a nivel mundial, dado a que es común aún identificar dinámicas de discriminación y capacitismo. Se concluye que dado a la carencia de investigaciones en el contexto ecuatoriano sobre la inclusión de docentes con discapacidad, no es posible enlistar los desafíos que estos maestros enfrentan su proceso previo (formación como docentes)    &nbsp

Bizonal cardiac engineered tissues with differential maturation features in a mid-throughput multimodal bioreactor

Functional three-dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissue (ECT) models are essential for effective drug screening and biological studies. Application of physiological cues mimicking those typical of the native myocardium is known to promote the cardiac maturation and functionality in vitro. Commercially available bioreactors can apply one physical force type at a time and often in a restricted loading range. To overcome these limitations, a millimetric-scalemicroscope-integrated bioreactor was developed to deliver multiple biophysical stimuli to ECTs. In this study, we showed that the single application of auxotonic loading (passive) generated a bizonal ECT with a unique cardiac maturation pattern. Throughout the statically cultured constructs and in the ECT region exposed to high passive loading, cardiomyocytes predominantly displayed a round morphology and poor contractility ability. The ECT region with a low passive mechanical stimulation instead showed both rat- and human-origin cardiac cell maturation and organization, as well as increased ECT functionality

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Boyacá, Guainía y Meta.

El acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia, es un proceso que pretende garantizar el aporte a la reconstrucción de la subjetividad e identidad humana de las personas en condición de víctimas, restaurando su tejido, relaciones sociales y vínculos interpersonales en cada uno de sus contextos de interacción con ayuda de los recursos propios y del medio con los que cada uno cuenta. es importante en tal sentido el diseño e implementación de estrategias psicosociales que contribuyan al logro de los objetivos propuestos incitando a las víctimas a que visualicen un futuro luego de la experiencia traumática y estresante, y logren en medio de su proceso configurar sus posturas y de esta manera aportar a su proceso de resocialización. El desarrollo del presente informe, se realiza teniendo en cuenta los relatos de vida tomados del libro “VOCES: Relatos de violencia y esperanza en Colombia”, Editado por el Banco mundial en el año 2009 tomando como referente el caso número 1 titulado “Modesto Pacaya”, con el fin de abordar desde el enfoque narrativo los impactos psicosociales que genera la violencia, realizando un análisis profundo de las problemáticas sociopolíticas que se experimentan en el relato y la manera como el profesional en psicología debe intervenir realizando el correcto acompañamiento psicosocial a las víctimas contribuyendo con la reconstrucción de su tejido social y resocialización. Por otra parte, el informe contiene un ejercicio narrativo, tomando como referente problemáticas presentes en los departamentos de Boyacá, Guainía y Meta, con el fin de realizar un acompañamiento psicosocial desde la estrategia foto voz, adicionalmente se realiza un análisis psicosocial y observación de caso de la comunidad Cacarica, con el objetivo de poner en práctica de forma narrativa las estrategias y herramientas estudiadas a lo largo del diplomado de profundizaciónPsychosocial accompaniment in scenarios of violence is a process that aims to guarantee the contribution to the reconstruction of the subjectivity and human identity of people in a condition of victims, restoring their fabric, social relationships and interpersonal links in each of their interaction contexts, with the help of their own resources and the means that each individual has. It is important in this regard the design and implementation of psychosocial strategies that contribute to the achievement of the proposed objectives by encouraging victims to visualize a future after the traumatic and stressful experience, and achieve in the middle of their process configure their positions and this way to contribute to its resocialization process. The development of this report is carried out taking into account the life stories taken from the book “VOCES: Stories of Violence and Hope in Colombia”, Edited by the World Bank in 2009 taking as reference the case number 1 entitled “Modesto Pacaya ”, In order to address from the narrative approach the psychosocial impacts generated by violence, carrying out an in-depth analysis of the socio-political problems that are experienced in the story and the way in which the professional in psychology must intervene making the correct psychosocial support to the victims contributing to the reconstruction of their social fabric and resocialization. On the other hand, the report contains a narrative exercise, taking as a reference issues present in the departments of Boyacá, Guainía and Meta, in order to carry out a psychosocial accompaniment from the photo voice strategy, additionally a psychosocial analysis and case observation of the cacarica community, with the objective of putting into practice in a narrative way the strategies and tools studied throughout the deepening diploma

Educación inclusiva en la educación superior

The objective of the article is aimed at analyzing how inclusive education is in higher education, being possible to make a contrast at the local level that is, Ecuador, the region and the world on how it has been managing this right towards a segment of the population that for many years was neglected and lacking opportunities for social insertion. At the methodological level, this systematic review was under a non-experimental design, scope of this descriptive research, modality of documentary study, and a qualitative approach; Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify the articles that are most related to the focus of this systematic review, so we worked on the analysis of four investigations in which the subject is addressed from a local, national, regional and international perspective. The results reflect that there are still challenges such as ableism that is generated from society, where the capabilities and abilities of this segment of people are questioned. It was concluded that there are still many aspects that must be improved in legislative, institutional and societal matters, these taking into consideration that there are important challenges that must be taken into consideration to generate a change of perspective in which the capabilities of these people are not questioned or underestimated,  I am given that there are already policy proposals, as well as educational curricula to meet the diversity of students, only in this way, would it be possible to have a more inclusive educational system.El objetivo del artículo va encaminado a analizar cómo es la educación inclusiva en la educación superior, siendo posible efectuar un contraste a nivel local es decir Ecuador, la región y el mundo sobre como ha venido gestionando este derecho hacia un segmento de la población que durante muchos años quedó desatendido y con carencia de oportunidades de inserción social. A nivel metodológico, esta revisión sistemática fue bajo un diseño no experimental, alcance de esta investigación descriptivo, modalidad de estudio documental, y un enfoque cualitativo; se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para identificar los artículos que tengan mayor relación con el enfoque del presente análisis sistemático, por lo que se trabajó en el análisis de cuatro investigaciones en las que se aborda la temática desde una perspectiva local, nacional, regional e internacional. Los resultados reflejan que, aún existen retos como por ejemplo el capacitismo que se genera desde la sociedad, donde se pone en tela de duda las capacidades y habilidades de este segmento de personas. Se concluyó que aún se perciben también muchos aspectos que deben mejorarse en materia legislativa, institucional y a nivel de la sociedad, estos teniendo en consideración que existes desafíos importantes que se tienen que tener en consideración para generar un cambio de perspectiva en el que no se cuestione o subestimen las capacidades de estas personas, estoy dado a que ya existen las propuestas de políticas, así como currículos educativos para atender a la diversidad de estudiantes, solo de esta manera, se lograría tener un sistema educativo más inclusivo

Bulk cell density and Wnt/TGFbeta signalling regulate mesendodermal patterning of human pluripotent stem cells

In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulates early aspects of human embryogenesis, but the underlying processes are poorly understood and controlled. Here we show that modulating the bulk cell density (BCD: cell number per culture volume) deterministically alters anteroposterior patterning of primitive streak (PS)-like priming. The BCD in conjunction with the chemical WNT pathway activator CHIR99021 results in distinct paracrine microenvironments codifying hPSCs towards definitive endoderm, precardiac or presomitic mesoderm within the first 24 h of differentiation, respectively. Global gene expression and secretome analysis reveals that TGFß superfamily members, antagonist of Nodal signalling LEFTY1 and CER1, are paracrine determinants restricting PS progression. These data result in a tangible model disclosing how hPSC-released factors deflect CHIR99021-induced lineage commitment over time. By demonstrating a decisive, functional role of the BCD, we show its utility as a method to control lineage-specific differentiation. Furthermore, these findings have profound consequences for inter-experimental comparability, reproducibility, bioprocess optimization and scale-up.DFG/REBIRTHDFG/EXC62/1DFG/ZW 64/4-1DFG/MA 2331/16-1BMBF/13N12606BMBF/StemBANCCEU H2020/66872

A TREM2-activating antibody with a blood-brain barrier transport vehicle enhances microglial metabolism in Alzheimer's disease models

van Lengerich et al. developed a human TREM2 antibody with a transport vehicle (ATV) that improves brain exposure and biodistribution in mouse models. ATV:TREM2 promotes microglial energetic capacity and metabolism via mitochondrial pathways. Loss-of-function variants of TREM2 are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting that activation of this innate immune receptor may be a useful therapeutic strategy. Here we describe a high-affinity human TREM2-activating antibody engineered with a monovalent transferrin receptor (TfR) binding site, termed antibody transport vehicle (ATV), to facilitate blood-brain barrier transcytosis. Upon peripheral delivery in mice, ATV:TREM2 showed improved brain biodistribution and enhanced signaling compared to a standard anti-TREM2 antibody. In human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia, ATV:TREM2 induced proliferation and improved mitochondrial metabolism. Single-cell RNA sequencing and morphometry revealed that ATV:TREM2 shifted microglia to metabolically responsive states, which were distinct from those induced by amyloid pathology. In an AD mouse model, ATV:TREM2 boosted brain microglial activity and glucose metabolism. Thus, ATV:TREM2 represents a promising approach to improve microglial function and treat brain hypometabolism found in patients with AD

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity