L'appropriation des technologies du web 2.0 dans les rédactions locales : l'exemple de Nicematin.com

International audienceL'appropriation des technologies du web 2.0 dans les rédactions locales : l'exemple de Nicematin.com Résumé : A l'heure de la globalisation et des médias des masses, la presse quotidienne régionale est en voie de perdre l'exclusivité de l'information de proximité qu'elle compense par des dispositifs participatifs. Ces derniers la placent dans une configuration qui favorise la sédentarisation, voire la redéfinition du projet éditorial sur des bases marketing et financière. Dans une perspective éditoriale et technologique, le web 2.0 inscrit le journaliste dans un double mouvement de territorialisation et de dé-territorialisation de l'information dans les réseaux. Summary : In times of globalisation and mass medias (social medias), the regional daily press is starting to lose its exclusivity regarding local information, which it compensates with participatory mechanisms. The Internet media sets online press in a configuration which favours sedentary work and even the redefining of the editorial project on marketing and financial bases. From an editorial and technological perspective, the web 2.0 encloses the journalist in a double movement of territorialization and deterritorialization of the information in the networks. We can conclude that the web 2.0 has not really allowed for the renewal of journalism, be it in its technological or in its editorial dimensions, even if we are starting to witness timid attempts at innovation

Facteurs Associés à la Vaccination Complète chez les Enfants de 12 à 23 Mois en Guinée

La couverture vaccinale des enfants demeure faible et ne progresse qu’assez lentement en Guinée. En effet, les résultats de l’enquête démographique et de santé (EDS) 2018 indiquent que seulement 24 % des enfants de 12-23 mois avaient reçu tous les vaccins de base recommandés par le programme élargi de vaccination (PEV) avant d’atteindre leur premier anniversaire. Environ 51 % des enfants ont été partiellement vaccinés, et 22 % des enfants de 12-23 mois n’ont reçu aucun vaccin. Les variations selon les régions de résidence sont importantes et mettent en évidence la faiblesse de la couverture vaccinale en milieu rural et dans les régions de Labé, Mamou et Kindia. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les facteurs associés à la vaccination complète chez les enfants 12-23 mois. Avec les données de l’EDS 2018, on a constaté que les principaux déterminants de la vaccination chez les enfants étaient le niveau d’instruction de la mère et du père, l'accouchement dans un établissement de santé, davantage de consultations prénatales, le fait d’appartenir à un ménage de taille plus réduite, la région de résidence et le niveau de vie du ménage. Les résultats obtenus peuvent servir à l’amélioration des stratégies de mobilisation sociale pour l’augmentation de la couverture vaccinale des enfants, notamment par la sensibilisation des communautés sur l’intérêt de la vaccination des enfants, la formation du personnel de santé en counseling afin de réduire les déperditions et favoriser le respect du calendrier de vaccination.   Childhood immunization coverage remains low and is progressing rather slowly in Guinea. Indeed, the results of the 2018 DHS indicate that only 24% of children aged 12-23 months had received all basic EPI vaccines before reaching their first birthday. About 51% of children were partially immunized, and 22% of children 12-23 months did not receive any vaccine. The variations according to the regions of residence are significant and highlight the low level of vaccination coverage in rural areas and in the regions of Labé, Mamou and Kindia. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with complete vaccination in children 12-23 months. With data from the DHS 2018, it was found that the main determinants of vaccination in children were the level of education of the mother and father, delivery in a health facility, more antenatal consultations, belonging to a smaller household, region of residence and wealth quintile. The results obtained can be used for the development of social mobilization strategies to increase the immunization coverage of children, in particular by sensitizing communities on the value of immunization of mothers and children, training of health personnel. in counseling to reduce wastage and meet vaccination deadlines

Upscaling cassava processing machines and products in Liberia

Open Access JournalCassava is produced by more than 80% of farming households and is an important contributor to gross domestic product (GDP) in Liberia. It is therefore important to assess the status of cassava processing into food and other products. A total of one hundred and sixty (160) well-structured questionnaires were used for the collection of information from eight counties, with twenty respondents from each county. It was found out that all the counties lack adequate modern cassava processing machines, with almost all cassava processing operations being done with rudimentary equipment. Gari and wet fufu are common products in Liberian markets, with no high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) or derivatives. Consequently, user and gender friendly processing machines were installed in six established modern cassava processing centres, and new cassava products, such as fufu powder, tapioca, and HQCF with its value-added products (10% bread and pastries), were introduced. This upscaling will enhance the cassava value chain in Liberia with improvement in livelihoods, especially for vulnerable women and unemployed youth

Dynamics of plasma blobs in a shear flow

The global dynamic of plasma blobs in a shear flow is investigated in a simple magnetized torus using the spatial Fourier harmonics (k-space) framework. Direct experimental evidence of a linear drift in k space of the density fluctuation energy synchronized with blob events is presented. During this drift, an increase of the fluctuation energy and a production of the kinetic energy associated with blobs are observed. The energy source of the blob is analyzed using an advection-dissipation-type equation that includes blob-flow exchange energy, linear drift in k space, nonlinear processes, and viscous dissipations. We show that blobs tap their energy from the dominant E B vertical background flow during the linear drift stage. The exchange of energy is unidirectional as there is no evidence that blobs return energy to the flow

Numerical investigation of the energy performance of a guideless irregular heat and mass exchanger with corrugated heat transfer surface for dew point cooling

© 2016 The Author(s) The paper presents an investigation into the energy performance of a novel irregular heat and mass exchanger for dew point cooling which, compared to the existing flat-plate heat exchangers, removed the use of the channel supporting guides and implemented the corrugated heat transfer surface, thus expecting to achieve the reduced air flow resistance, increased heat transfer area, and improved energy efficiency (i.e. Coefficient of Performance (COP)) of the air cooling process. CFD simulation was carried out to determine the flow resistance (K) factors of various elements within the dry and wet channels of the exchanger, while the ‘finite-element’ based ‘Newton-iteration’ numerical simulation was undertaken to investigate its cooling capacity, cooling effectiveness and COP at various geometrical and operational conditions. Compared to the existing flat-plate heat and mass exchangers with the same geometrical dimensions and operational conditions, the new irregular exchanger could achieve 32.9%–37% higher cooling capacity, dew-point and wet-bulb effectiveness, 29.7%–33.3% higher COP, and 55.8%–56.2% lower pressure drop. While undertaking dew point air cooling, the irregular heat and mass exchanger had the optimum air velocity of 1 m/s within the flow channels and working-to-intake air ratio of 0.3, which allowed the highest cooling capacity and COP to be achieved. In terms of the exchanger dimensions, the optimum height of the channel was 5 mm while its length was in the range 1–2 m. Overall, the proposed irregular heat and mass exchanger could lead to significant enhanced energy performance compared to the existing flat-plate dew point cooling heat exchanger of the same geometrical dimensions. To achieve the same amount cooling output, the irregular heat and mass exchanger had the reduced size and cost against the flat-plate ones

Response of stratospheric water vapor and ozone to the unusual timing of El Niño and the QBO disruption in 2015–2016

The stratospheric circulation determines the transport and lifetime of key trace gases in a changing climate, including water vapor and ozone, which radiatively impact surface climate. The unusually warm El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event aligned with a disrupted Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) caused an unprecedented perturbation to this circulation in 2015–2016. Here, we quantify the impact of the alignment of these two phenomena in 2015–2016 on lower stratospheric water vapor and ozone from satellite observations. We show that the warm ENSO event substantially increased water vapor and decreased ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere. The QBO disruption significantly decreased global lower stratospheric water vapor and tropical ozone from early spring to late autumn. Thus, this QBO disruption reversed the lower stratosphere moistening triggered by the alignment of the warm ENSO event with westerly QBO in early boreal winter. Our results suggest that the interplay of ENSO events and QBO phases will be crucial for the distributions of radiatively active trace gases in a changing future climate, when increasing El Niño-like conditions and a decreasing lower stratospheric QBO amplitude are expected