Effet de la salinité sur la germination graines et la croissance des semis de treize cultivars africains de sésame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Le sésame (Sesamum indicum L.), une plante annuelle autoféconde originaire d’Afrique et d’Inde, est très sensible aux stades de germination et de semis mais modérément tolérant aux stress hydrique et salin. Cette étude menée en serre a pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet de différentes concentrations de NaCl sur la germination des graines et la croissance des semis de treize cultivars africains de sésame provenant du Sénégal, du Burkina Faso, du Cameroun et du Soudan. Un dispositif à blocs randomisés avec deux facteurs et trois répétitions a été utilisé . Les résultats montrent un effet négatif du gradient de salinité sur les taux de germination, de survie, la biomasse fraiche, la biomasse sèche, le diamètre au collet et la longueur de la tige. Les cultivars AS09, AS13, AS14, AS15, AS19 et AS25 ont été moins affectés par la salinité. L’importance de l’effet dépressif dépend de la concentration de sel et de la variété de cultivar de sésame. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an annual self-pollinating plant native to Africa and India, is very sensitive to the stages of germination and sowing but moderately tolerant to water and salt stress. The objective of this greenhouse study is to assess the effect of different NaCl concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of thirteen African sesame cultivars from Senegal, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Sudan. A randomized block device with two factors and three replicates was used. The results show a negative effect of the salinity gradient on the germination rate, survival, fresh biomass, dry biomass, diameter at the collar and length of the stem. Cultivars AS09, AS13, AS14, AS15, AS19 and AS25 were less affected by salinity. The magnitude of the depressive effect depends on the concentration of salt and the sesame cultivar. &nbsp

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

GJB2 Is a Major Cause of Non-Syndromic Hearing Impairment in Senegal

The prevalence of GJB2-related (MIM: 121011) congenital non-syndromic hearing impairment (NSHI) accounts for close to 50% in populations of Asian and European ancestry. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, except for Ghana, previous data showed that the prevalence of GJB2-associated NSHI is close to zero. To investigate the contribution of GJB2 mutations in autosomal recessive NSHI in Senegal, we screened 129 affected and 143 unaffected individuals from 44 multiplex families, 9 sporadic cases, and 148 hearing controls with no personal or family history of hearing impairment, by targeted gene sequencing. We identified three pathogenic GJB2 variants in 34% (n = 15/44) of multiplex families, of which 80% (n = 12/15) were consanguineous. The most common variant, GJB2: c.94C>T: p.(Arg32Cys), accounted for 27.3% (n = 12/44) of familial cases. We also identified the previously reported “Ghanaian” founder variant, GJB2: c.427C>T: p.(Arg143Trp), in four multiplex Senegalese families. Relatively high allele frequencies of c.94C>T. and c.427C>T variants were observed among the screened hearing controls: 1% (n = 2/148 ∗ 2), and 2% (n = 4/148 ∗ 2), respectively. No GJB6-D13S18 deletion was identified in any of the hearing-impaired participants. The data suggest that GJB2: c.94C>T: p.(Arg32Cys) should be routinely tested in NSHI in Senegal