THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS, PHONEMIC AWARENESS, AND PHONICS SKILLS AND EFFECTIVE READERS IN FIRST GRADE.

The purpose of this study was to get insight related to the literacy instruction and the connection between phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, and phonics for fluent reading. The research includes examinations of students\u27 prior knowledge of phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, and phonics decoding skills, along with their ability to read grade level text. Students received daily instruction in literacy through modified Lucy Calkins’ Units of Study in reading, writing, and phonics. Some adaptations and supplemental resources were used to support this curriculum. As the data was collected the instructor made adjustments to the instruction to fill gaps in phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, and phonics decoding skills to give students the tools needed to be effective, fluent readers. At the end of study students were reassessed using the same pre assessment tools to find the effectiveness of phonological awareness and phonemic awareness being paired with the phonics instruction. The researcher observed that students used their phonological and phonemic awareness skills to decode words more effectively, resulting in students becoming fluent readers as assessed by the Fountas and Pinnell running record guide. The results of the study found that students\u27 phonological awareness and phonemic awareness knowledge supported their phonics understanding and reading abilities

AlGaAs Coating Studies for Present and Future Gravitational Wave Detectors

With the first observation of a binary black hole merger in GW150914 \cite{150914Discovery}, LIGO heralded a new era in the field of observational astronomy. It was the first observation of any astronomical object by measuring its gravitational wave signature, opening a new window to the cosmos. A few years later, the first astronomical event to be observed by both electromagnetic waves and gravitational waves was made \cite{Cowperthwaite2017GW170817, Abbott2017GW170817}. Gravitational wave detectors are multi-kilometer long interferometers measure changes to their length imparted by passing gravitational waves that are smaller than an atomic nucleus. Such extreme precision requires extensive mitigation of many different noise sources, discussed in chapter 1. This work is primarily focused on thermal noise of the gravitational wave detector test mass coatings, detailed in chapter 2. Chapter 3 outlines the theory behind the cryogenic gentle nodal suspension \cite{Cesarini_GeNS}, the experiment the author constructed at Syracuse to measure coating thermal noise of possible test mass coatings. Chapters 4 and 5 will delve into the data that the author measured in the cryogenic gentle nodal suspension. There is a special focus in this work on AlGaAs/GaAs multi-layers, referred to as just AlGaAs for simplicity, as a possible test mass coating. This crystalline coating has shown remarkably low levels of loss at room temperature \cite{Cole2013OG, Penn2019MechAlGaAs}. This work serves as a follow-up to the room temperature loss measurements, with the goals of understanding the loss mechanisms inside an AlGaAs coating through the shape of its loss curve over temperature \cite{Martin2008measurements} and applying the findings to possible cold temperature gravitational wave detectors \cite{Akutsu2021, ET2020, CEHorizon2021}. The mechanical loss of the AlGaAs coating was found to be largely varied by mode, with the lowest mode displaying loss levels of $\phi_{\mathrm{coating}} \lesssim 1 \times 10^{-6}$ and the highest mode showing loss of $\phi_{\mathrm{coating}} \lesssim 1 \times 10^{-4}$. Investigations into the mechanisms contributing to excess loss in some of the modes are currently underway. The lowest loss modes are consistent with room temperature measurements

The perception of reproducibility in a small cohort of scientists in Europe

Reproducibility is an essential feature of all scientific outcomes. Scientific evidence can only reach its true status as reliable if replicated, but the results of well-conducted replication studies face an uphill battle to be performed, and little attention and dedication have been put into publishing the results of replication attempts. Therefore, we asked a small cohort of researchers about their attempts to replicate results from other groups, as well as from their own laboratories, and their general perception of the issues concerning reproducibility in their field. We also asked how they perceive the venues, i.e. journals, to communicate and discuss the results of these attempts. To this aim we pre-registered and shared a questionnaire among scientists at diverse levels. The results indicate that, in general, replication attempts of their own protocols are quite successful (with over 80% reporting not or rarely having problems with their own protocols). Although the majority of respondents tried to replicate a study or experiment from other labs (75.4%), the median successful rate was scored at 3 (in a 1-5 scale), while the median for the general estimation of replication success in their field was found to be 5 (in a 1-10 scale). The majority of respondents (70.2%) also perceive journals as unwelcoming of replication studies.Peer reviewe

Possible effects of the copyright controversy in three public high schools

The study dealt with the copyright controversy which began in 1965, how it came about, what the law consists of, suggested solutions to resolve the problem. and how it may affect the different interest groups, which consitst of publishers, authors, librarians, patrons, and educators. The solutions includ�d a royalty fee of 5¢ per page, a flat rate solution of $4 per transaction, plus 10¢ per page, and a reprint service which averages 30¢ per copy. The researcher applied these solutions to three different high school media centers that she had visited. The district media centers and area educational agencies media centers were also examined in relation to the high school, but the formulas were not applied as precise information was not available. The results were that the flat rate would be the most expen­sive to the schools, and that all three solutions require · additional budgeting and excessive record keeping.to centers that photocopy for patrons

A study of factors related to primary grade spelling: correlations of factors studied.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

O Programa Idioma sem Fronteiras como política de educação do professor no Brasil

This article aims to present part of an investigation conducted in the Language Center of the Languages Without Borders Program (LwB) of an important public university in the south of Brazil. The research had the objective of analyzing the narratives produced by three English teachers linked to the LwB, starting from the following question: What factors most contributed to your professional development within the LwB context? For the generation of the data, semi-structured interviews were conducted through which the three teachers were encouraged to produce narratives about their education in the LwB context. The results of the analysis of the teachers‟ accounts suggest that pre-service teachers should prepare themselves for self-reflection and self-analysis, as it is impracticable to separate personal and professional dimensions. The narrativesalso point to the importance programs such as LwB, which put pre-service teachers in the classroom during their undergraduate years so that their professional development is based on concrete case discussions that aim at articulating theory and practice.Este artigo tem o propósito de relatar parte de uma investigação conduzida no Núcleo de línguas do Programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras (IsF) de uma importante universidade pública do sul do Brasil. A investigação teve o objetivo de analisar as narrativas produzidas por três professores de inglês vinculados ao IsF, partindo-se da seguinte pergunta: Quais fatores mais contribuíram para sua formação dentro do IsF? Para a geração de dados, foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas através das quais os professores colaboradores eram encorajados a produzir narrativas sobre sua formação no contexto do IsF. Os resultados da análise dos relatos sugerem que os professores em formação devem se preparar para um trabalho sobre si próprios, de autorreflexão e de autoanálise, pois é impraticável separar dimensões pessoais e profissionais. As narrativas também apontam para a importância de programas de formação como o IsF, que coloquem o professor em pré-serviço já em sala de aula durante seus anos de graduação para que seu desenvolvimento profissional seja embasado em discussões de casos concretos nas quais haja uma articulação entre a teoria e a prática

Wills in Palencia. Men and women in the rural world in the second half of the eighteenth century

[ES] El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento diferenciado entre hombres y mujeres ante el hecho de la muerte y, por otro lado, examinar los testamentos del medio rural con la finalidad de comparar y contrastar con los del ámbito urbano.[EN] The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in the behavior of men and women in relation to death as well as to compare rural and urban wills