INSEGNARE A TRADURRE: SPUNTI DALL'ESPERIENZA IN AMBITO LINGUISTICO E APPORTO DELLE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE. IL JOURNAL DI UN CASO.

Questo contributo si propone di insegnare ad insegnare a tradurre operandodelle riflessioni su un corso di traduzione offerto dall'Università Suor Orsola Benincasa diNapoli in modalità blended. Tali riflessioni ripercorrono la genesi del corso dal punto divista dell'autrice, coinvolta attivamente quale creatrice e valutatrice di uno dei moduli daneofita entusiasta, in una sorta di journal che si offre come punto di partenza perl''apprendistato' di altri neofiti che potrebbero, attraverso l'osservazione, lasperimentazione e la successiva approssimazione delle tecniche proposte, costruirsi la loroexpertise nella didattica della traduzione e nell'utilizzo delle nuove tecnologie in ambito(glotto)didattico in generale

CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING: RESOCONTO DI UN’INDAGINE SULLE PREOCCUPAZIONI E LE ATTESE DEI DOCENTI.

Le Università italiane si troveranno, a partire dal prossimo anno accademico, a dover affrontare una nuova sfida: quella di formare i docenti di discipline non linguistiche delle scuole secondarie ad insegnare la loro materia anche in una lingua straniera a partire dall’anno scolastico 2012-13. Questo contributo si propone di aprire una finestra sul mondo della scuola alla vigilia della “rivoluzione” onde fornire a coloro che saranno coinvolti nei percorsi di formazione almeno una vaga idea di come i docenti di scuola stiano vivendo questo momento di attesa: le loro preoccupazioni, le loro speranze, le aspettative, i bisogni. L'Università è da sempre “accusata” dal mondo della scuola di non curarsi di ciò che succede veramente nelle aule scolastiche. Per compensare almeno in parte tale lacuna prima che si metta mano ai corsi di formazione, abbiamo messo a punto un questionario, inviato nel corso dell’anno accademico appena terminato in molte scuole della provincia di Napoli, i cui risultati verranno analizzati nel presente contributo

Book Review

Naming and Identity. By Gregory Bochner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2021. Pp. 250. $110.00 (Hardback). ISBN 13: 978-1108428453

Puesta en marcha del CLIL en los centros educativos italianos: ¿Se puede dar una formación eficaz al docente con antigüedad en el oficio? La voz de los protagonistas italianos

Most Italian upper schools will have to offer at least one subject in a foreign language as part of the national curriculum starting next year. This paper aims to report the results of a survey we carried out between April and June 2011 in order to get the feel of the teachers’ expectations, fears and thoughts in the wake of the ‘CLIL revolution’ in our country. The overall aim of our research is to offer those in charge of the project the possibility to hear the voices of some of the teachers who are being asked to take on a task requiring considerable extra work in a very complex moment for our country, so as to at least attempt to finetune their decisions to actual reality. A partir del próximo año los institutos italianos estarán obligados a impartir una asignatura en un idioma estranjero como parte del curriculo nacional. Objetivo de esta ponencia es informar de los resultados de una encuesta realizada entre abril y junio de 2011 con el fin de sondear las expectativas de los profesores, sus temores y opiniones con vista a la revolución CLIL en Italia. El fin de la investigación es ofrecer a los responsables del proyecto la posibilidad de escuchar las voces de los docentes, a los que se le pedirá una gran mole de trabajo extra en un momento especialmente complejo para el país, con el fin de afinar las modalidades de realización del proyecto mismo con las exigencias de los profesores de instituto y la realidad actual.A partir del año 2012-2013, los institutos italianos estarán obligados a impartiruna asignatura en un idioma extranjero como parte del curriculo nacional. Objetivo de esta ponencia es informar de los resultados de una encuesta realizada entre abril y junio de 2011 con el fin de sondear las expectativas de los profesores, sus temores y opiniones con vista a la revolución CLIL en Italia. La finalidad de lainvestigación es ofrecer a los responsables del proyecto la posibilidad de escucharlas voces de los docentes, a los que se les está pidiendo una gran cantidad detrabajo extra en un momento especialmente complicado para el país, con el fin deafinar las modalidades de realización del proyecto mismo con las exigencias delos profesores de instituto y la realidad actual

Novel Findings into AIRE Genetics and Functioning: Clinical Implications

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), formerly known as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, is a paradigm of a monogenic autoimmune disease caused by mutations of a gene, named autoimmune regulator (AIRE). AIRE acts as a transcription regulator that promotes immunological central tolerance by inducing the ectopic thymic expression of many tissue-specific antigens. Although the syndrome is a monogenic disease, it is characterized by a wide variability of the clinical expression with no significant correlation between genotype and phenotype. Indeed, many aspects regarding the exact role of AIRE and APECED pathogenesis still remain unraveled. In the last decades, several studies in APECED and in its mouse experimental counterpart have revealed new insights on how immune system learns self-tolerance. Moreover, novel interesting findings have extended our understanding of AIRE's function and regulation thus improving our knowledge on the pathogenesis of APECED. In this review, we will summarize recent novelties on molecular mechanisms underlying the development of APECED and their clinical implications

Elotuzumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter, retrospective real-world experience with 200 cases outside of controlled clinical trials

In the ELOQUENT-3 trial, the combination of elotuzumab, pomalidomide and dexamethasone (EloPd) proved a superior clinical benefit over Pd with a manageable toxicity profile, leading to its approval in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), who had received at least two prior therapies, including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor (PI). We report here a real-world experience of 200 RRMMs treated with EloPd in 35 Italian centers outside of clinical trials. In our dataset, the median number of prior lines of therapy was 2, with 51% of cases undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and 73% exposed to daratumumab. After a median follow-up of 9 months, 126 patients stopped EloPd, most of them (88.9%) because of disease progression. The overall response rate (ORR) was 55.4%, in line with the pivotal trial results. Regarding adverse events, our cohort experienced a toxicity profile similar to the ELOQUENT-3 trial, with no significant differences between younger (<70 years) and older patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7 months, shorter than that observed in the ELOQUENT-3, probably due to the different clinical characteristics of the two cohorts. Interestingly, the ISS stage III (HR:2.55) was associated with worse PFS. Finally, our series's median overall survival (OS) was shorter than that observed in the ELOQUENT-3 trial (17.5 versus 29.8 months). In conclusion, our real-world study confirms EloPd as a safe and possible therapeutic choice for RRMM who received at least two prior therapies, including lenalidomide and a PI

Clinical features and outcomes of elderly hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure or both

Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) mutually increase the risk of being present in the same patient, especially if older. Whether or not this coexistence may be associated with a worse prognosis is debated. Therefore, employing data derived from the REPOSI register, we evaluated the clinical features and outcomes in a population of elderly patients admitted to internal medicine wards and having COPD, HF or COPD + HF. Methods: We measured socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, severity and prevalence of comorbidities, clinical and laboratory features during hospitalization, mood disorders, functional independence, drug prescriptions and discharge destination. The primary study outcome was the risk of death. Results: We considered 2,343 elderly hospitalized patients (median age 81 years), of whom 1,154 (49%) had COPD, 813 (35%) HF, and 376 (16%) COPD + HF. Patients with COPD + HF had different characteristics than those with COPD or HF, such as a higher prevalence of previous hospitalizations, comorbidities (especially chronic kidney disease), higher respiratory rate at admission and number of prescribed drugs. Patients with COPD + HF (hazard ratio HR 1.74, 95% confidence intervals CI 1.16-2.61) and patients with dementia (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.06-2.90) had a higher risk of death at one year. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed a higher mortality risk in the group of patients with COPD + HF for all causes (p = 0.010), respiratory causes (p = 0.006), cardiovascular causes (p = 0.046) and respiratory plus cardiovascular causes (p = 0.009). Conclusion: In this real-life cohort of hospitalized elderly patients, the coexistence of COPD and HF significantly worsened prognosis at one year. This finding may help to better define the care needs of this population

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Serum Albumin Is Inversely Associated With Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis

We analyzed whether serum albumin is independently associated with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in liver cirrhosis (LC) and if a biologic plausibility exists. This study was divided into three parts. In part 1 (retrospective analysis), 753 consecutive patients with LC with ultrasound-detected PVT were retrospectively analyzed. In part 2, 112 patients with LC and 56 matched controls were entered in the cross-sectional study. In part 3, 5 patients with cirrhosis were entered in the in vivo study and 4 healthy subjects (HSs) were entered in the in vitro study to explore if albumin may affect platelet activation by modulating oxidative stress. In the 753 patients with LC, the prevalence of PVT was 16.7%; logistic analysis showed that only age (odds ratio [OR], 1.024; P = 0.012) and serum albumin (OR, -0.422; P = 0.0001) significantly predicted patients with PVT. Analyzing the 112 patients with LC and controls, soluble clusters of differentiation (CD)40-ligand (P = 0.0238), soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNox2-dp; P < 0.0001), and urinary excretion of isoprostanes (P = 0.0078) were higher in patients with LC. In LC, albumin was correlated with sCD4OL (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [r(s)], -0.33; P < 0.001), sNox2-dp (r(s), -0.57; P < 0.0001), and urinary excretion of isoprostanes (r(s), -0.48; P < 0.0001) levels. The in vivo study showed a progressive decrease in platelet aggregation, sNox2-dp, and urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2 alpha-III formation 2 hours and 3 days after albumin infusion. Finally, platelet aggregation, sNox2-dp, and isoprostane formation significantly decreased in platelets from HSs incubated with scalar concentrations of albumin. Conclusion: Low serum albumin in LC is associated with PVT, suggesting that albumin could be a modulator of the hemostatic system through interference with mechanisms regulating platelet activation

The Botanical Record of Archaeobotany Italian Network - BRAIN: a cooperative network, database and website

Con autorización de la revista para autores CSIC[EN] The BRAIN (Botanical Records of Archaeobotany Italian Network) database and network was developed by the cooperation of archaeobotanists working on Italian archaeological sites. Examples of recent research including pollen or other plant remains in analytical and synthetic papers are reported as an exemplar reference list. This paper retraces the main steps of the creation of BRAIN, from the scientific need for the first research cooperation to the website which has a free online access since 2015.Peer reviewe