The effects of colostrum consumption and feed restriction during marketing and transportation of male dairy beef calves: Impact on pre-transport nutritional status and on farm recovery

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of colostrum consumption and feed restriction on biomarkers of stress, nutritional and health status, gut functionality, and behavior in male dairy beef calves being marketed and transported. A total of 82 male Holstein calves [42 ± 1.2 kg of body weight and 14 ± 0.9 d of age] were used to study the amount of colostrum given at birth at the dairy farm of origin, the degree of feed restriction suffered at an assembly center simulation (d −4 to d −1), and the effects of a 19 h transportation (d −1). Treatments were as follows: control calves (CTRL; n = 16) were fed 10 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, milk replacer (MR) and concentrate at the assembly center, and were not transported; high colostrum-milk replacer fed calves (HCMR; n = 17) were fed 10 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, MR at the assembly center, and were transported; high colostrum-rehydrating solution fed calves (HCRS; n = 16) were fed 10 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, a rehydrating solution (RS) at the assembly center, and were transported; low colostrum-milk replacer fed calves (LCMR; n = 17), were fed 2 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, MR at the assembly center, and were transported; and low colostrum-rehydrating solution fed calves (LCRS; n = 16) were fed 2 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, RS at the assembly center, and were transported. Transported calves mimic a 19 h long transportation. After transport, all calves were fed 2.5 L of MR twice daily and had ad libitum access to concentrate, straw, and water. Calves' recovery was followed during 7 d. Concentrate intake and health records were collected daily from d −4 until d 7 and BW and blood samples were collected on d - 4, - 1, 0, 1, 2, and 7 of the study. Results showed that the feeding regimen provided at the assembly center reduced BW for the HCRS and LCRS calves compared with the CTRL, HCMR, and LCMR calves. Concentrate intake peaked on d 0 in the transported calves followed by a drop in intake on d 1 after transportation. Concentrate intake recovery was lower for the LCRS and LCMR calves. On d −1, nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were greater for the HCRS and LCRS calves compared with the CTRL, HCMR, and HCRS calves. After transportation, serum Cr-EDTA concentration was greater for the HCRS and LCRS calves than the HCMR, LCMR, and CTRL calves. The LCRS calves had the lowest serum concentration of citrulline. Finally, health scores were greater for the LCRS calves from d 0 to d 7. In summary, both the greatest degree of feed restriction during the assembly center and the low colostrum consumption at birth negatively affected the recovery of concentrate consumption and BW, gut functionality, health status, and behavior in calves after arrival at the rearing farm.This work was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Gobierno de España, Spain (grant no. PID2019-104021RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). The authors are also indebted to AGAUR (Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain) for project 2021 SGR 01552. We are grateful to CERCA Programme (Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain). The authors thank the collaboration of the personnel of Granja Selergan, S.A. (Lleida, Spain), Maria Vidal, Marina Tortadès, Xavier Vergara, and Anna Solé (IRTA, Caldes de Montbui, Spain) for their technical assistance with animals' care and sampling. The authors have not stated any conflicts of interest.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Huella ambiental de carne y leche de vacuno: Manejo y emisiones

En un contexto en que el sector de la leche y la carne de vacuno estan siendo cuestionados por su impacto ambiental, es vital medir, reducir y comunicar la huella ambiental de dichos productos. En este sentido, IRTA ha realizado un estudio pionero en el marco del Crupo Operativo ‘Rumprint: huella ambiental de la carne y la leche de vacuno’. El objetivo era calcular la huella ambiental de estos productos, aplicando la metodologia recomendada por la Comision Europea de ‘Huella Ambiental de Producto’. Gracias a este estudio se han podido identificar los procesos que mas contribuyen al impacto ambiental tanto de la leche como de la carne de vacuno a lo largo de la cadena de produccion, incluyendo la granja y todos los insumos que le Megan, hasta el envasado y distribucion de carne y leche a centrales y supermercados.Proyecto financiado a traves de la Operacion16.01.01de Cooperacion para la innovacion del Programa de desarrollo rural de Cataluna 2014-2020 mediante fondos de la Union Europea (Europa invierte en las zonas rurales) y la Ceneralitat de Catalunya.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A new approach to obtain pure and active proteins from Lactococcus lactis protein aggregates

The production of pure and soluble proteins is a complex, protein-dependent and time-consuming process, in particular for those prone-to-aggregate and/or difficult-to-purify. Although Escherichia coli is widely used for protein production, recombinant products must be co-purified through costly processes to remove lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and minimize adverse effects in the target organism. Interestingly, Lactococcus lactis, which does not contain LPS, could be a promising alternative for the production of relevant proteins. However, to date, there is no universal strategy to produce and purify any recombinant protein, being still a protein-specific process. In this context and considering that L. lactis is also able to form functional protein aggregates under overproduction conditions, we explored the use of these aggregates as an alternative source of soluble proteins. In this study, we developed a widely applicable and economically affordable protocol to extract functional proteins from these nanoclusters. For that, two model proteins were used: mammary serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a difficult-to-purify and a prone-to-aggregate protein, respectively. The results show that it is possible to obtain highly pure, soluble, LPS-free and active recombinant proteins from L. lactis aggregates through a cost-effective and simple protocol with special relevance for difficult-to-purify or highly aggregated proteins

A new approach to obtain pure and active proteins from Lactococcus lactis protein aggregates

The production of pure and soluble proteins is a complex, protein-dependent and time-consuming process, in particular for those prone-to-aggregate and/or difcult-to-purify. Although Escherichia coli is widely used for protein production, recombinant products must be co-purifed through costly processes to remove lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and minimize adverse efects in the target organism. Interestingly, Lactococcus lactis, which does not contain LPS, could be a promising alternative for the production of relevant proteins. However, to date, there is no universal strategy to produce and purify any recombinant protein, being still a protein-specifc process. In this context and considering that L. lactis is also able to form functional protein aggregates under overproduction conditions, we explored the use of these aggregates as an alternative source of soluble proteins. In this study, we developed a widely applicable and economically afordable protocol to extract functional proteins from these nanoclusters. For that, two model proteins were used: mammary serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a difcult-to-purify and a prone-to-aggregate protein, respectively. The results show that it is possible to obtain highly pure, soluble, LPS-free and active recombinant proteins from L. lactis aggregates through a cost-efective and simple protocol with special relevance for difcult-to-purify or highly aggregated proteins.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A method to determine the ability of drugs to diffuse through the blood-brain barrier.

A method has been devised for predicting the ability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. The criteria depend on the amphiphilic properties of a drug as reflected in its surface activity. The assessment was made with various drugs that either penetrate or do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The surface activity of these drugs was quantified by their Gibbs adsorption isotherms in terms of three parameters: (i) the onset of surface activity, (ii) the critical micelle concentration, and (iii) the surface area requirement of the drug at the air/water interface. A calibration diagram is proposed in which the critical micelle concentration is plotted against the concentration required for the onset of surface activity. Three different regions are easily distinguished in this diagram: a region of very hydrophobic drugs which fail to enter the central nervous system because they remain adsorbed to the membrane, a central area of less hydrophobic drugs which can cross the blood-brain barrier, and a region of relatively hydrophilic drugs which do not cross the blood-brain barrier unless applied at high concentrations. This diagram can be used to predict reliably the central nervous system permeability of an unknown compound from a simple measurement of its Gibbs adsorption isotherm

Huella ambiental de carne y leche de vacuno: manejo y emisiones

Proyecto financiado a través de la Operación 16.01.01 de Cooperación para la innovación del Programa de desarrollo rural de Cataluña 2014-2020 mediante fondos de la Unión Europea (Europa invierte en las zonas rurales) y la Generalitat de Catalunya.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Growth of quantum paraelectric La1/2Na1/2TiO3 single crystals using optical floating zone technique

International audienc

Huella ambiental de carne y leche de vacuno: manejo y emisiones

Proyecto financiado a través de la Operación 16.01.01 de Cooperación para la innovación del Programa de desarrollo rural de Cataluña 2014-2020 mediante fondos de la Unión Europea (Europa invierte en las zonas rurales) y la Generalitat de Catalunya.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio