Permethrin induced cytotoxicity of rat splenocytes: Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to determine the molecular mechanism associated with permethrin induce cytotoxicity. Rat splenocytes were incubated with increasing concentration of permethrin (0-39 ug/ml) for 6 to 24 h. Cytotoxic effect of permethrin was evaluated by MTT assay. To assess the underneath mechanism of cytotoxicity, different biochemical indices of cell death namely Annexin V binding assay, DNA fragmentation, and levels of caspase 3 were analyzed. To evaluate the oxidative stress, glutathione depletion and melondialdehyde levels were analyzed. MTT assay revealed that permethrin induces cytotoxicity in dose-dependent way. In Annexin-V binding assay, above 7.8 µg/ml concentration, significant necrosis of cells was noticed and consistent with DNA fragmentation assay. A significant dose and time dependent depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) and increased MDA levels were observed and consistent with the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. Co administration of N-acetycysteine mitigates permethrin- induced apoptosis, showing the role of oxidative stress in apoptosis induction. The present study gives experimental evidence that emphasizing the role of oxidative stress in permethrin-induced cytotoxicity in rat splenocytes in vitro

Permethrin induced cytotoxicity of rat splenocytes: Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine

11-18Permethrin is a synthetic insecticide, extensively used in pest control. Exposures to permethrin have been attributed to increased cell death. The mechanism for its toxicity is still not clear. Hence, in the present study we determined the molecular mechanism associated with permethrin induce cytotoxicity. Rat splenocytes were incubated with increasing concentration of permethrin (0-39 ug/Ml) for 6 to 24 h. Cytotoxic effect of permethrin was evaluated by MTT assay. To assess the mechanism of cytotoxicity, different biochemical indices of cell death, namely annexin V binding assay, DNA fragmentation assay, and levels of caspase 3 were analyzed. To evaluate the oxidative stress, glutathione depletion and melondialdehyde levels were analyzed. MTT assay revealed that permethrin induces cytotoxicity in dose-dependent way. In annexin-V binding assay, above 7.8 µg/mL concentration, significant necrosis of cells was noticed and consistent with DNA fragmentation assay. A significant dose and time dependent depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) and increased MDA levels were observed and consistent with the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. Co administration of N-acetycysteine mitigates permethrin- induced apoptosis, showing the role of oxidative stress in apoptosis induction. The present study demonstrated the role of oxidative stress in permethrin-induced cytotoxicity in rat splenocytes in vitro

Constraints on Exotic Matter for An Emergent Universe

We study a composition of normal and exotic matter which is required for a flat Emergent Universe scenario permitted by the equation of state (EOS)($p=A\rho-B\rho^{1/2}$) and predict the range of the permissible values for the parameters $A$ and $B$ to explore a physically viable cosmological model. The permitted values of the parameters are determined taking into account the $H(z)-z$ data obtained from observations, a model independent BAO peak parameter and CMB shift parameter (WMAP7 data). It is found that although $A$ can be very close to zero, most of the observations favours a small and negative $A$. As a consequence, the effective Equation of State parameter for this class of Emergent Universe solutions remains negative always. We also compared the magnitude ($\mu (z)$) vs. redshift($z$) curve obtained in the model with that obtained from the union compilation data. According to our analysis the class of Emergent Universe solutions considered here is not ruled out by the observations.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

ASSESSMENT OF CYP2D6*10 POLYMORPHISM WITH POST HERPETIC NEURALGIA PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRAMADOL TREATMENT

objective: To evaluate association of CYP2D6*10 polymorphism with respect to demographic characteristics (age at onset, genders and weight), numerical rating scale (NRS) for measuring pain intensity in relation with resting and movement associated pain and adverse drug effects of PHN patients receiving tramadol therapy. Methods: Total 246 patients of PHN (148 males and 98 females) were selected who fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Clinicians were recorded numerical rating scores (at rest and with movement), and note down adverse drug side effects during the time of study. All samples were analyzed for CYP2D6*10 polymorphism using PCR-RFLP method. results: We observed genotype distribution of CYP2D6* 10 did not vary significantly with age at onset [non-responders (p=0.317) and responders (p=0.260)], genders[ non-responders (p=0.317) and responders (p=0.949)], and weight [non-responders (p=0.298) and responders (p=0.279)] and also did not find significant role with respect to resting (p=0.428) and movement associated type of pain (p=0.178). In addition, CYP2D6*10 was not associated with adverse effects such as somnolence (p=0.135), dizziness (p=0.178), local site reactions (p=0.535), headache (p=0.502), hypotension (p=0.567) and nausea and vomiting (p=0.268) of analgesic therapy. Therefore we conclude that, CYP2D6*10 may not be a predictor of treatment outcomes of patients with PHN receiving tramadol

Anisotropic cosmological models with a perfect fluid and a Λ\Lambda term

We consider a self-consistent system of Bianchi type-I (BI) gravitational field and a binary mixture of perfect fluid and dark energy given by a cosmological constant. The perfect fluid is chosen to be the one obeying either the usual equation of state, i.e., p = \zeta \ve, with $\zeta \in [0, 1]$ or a van der Waals equation of state. Role of the $\Lambda$ term in the evolution of the BI Universe has been studied.Comment: 8 pages, 8 Figure

Unveiling hidden physics at the LHC

The field of particle physics is at the crossroads. The discovery of a Higgs-like boson completed the Standard Model (SM), but the lacking observation of convincing resonances Beyond the SM (BSM) offers no guidance for the future of particle physics. On the other hand, the motivation for New Physics has not diminished and is, in fact, reinforced by several striking anomalous results in many experiments. Here we summarise the status of the most significant anomalies, including the most recent results for the flavour anomalies, the multi-lepton anomalies at the LHC, the Higgs-like excess at around 96 GeV, and anomalies in neutrino physics, astrophysics, cosmology, and cosmic rays. While the LHC promises up to 4 ab of integrated luminosity and far-reaching physics programmes to unveil BSM physics, we consider the possibility that the latter could be tested with present data, but that systemic shortcomings of the experiments and their search strategies may preclude their discovery for several reasons, including: final states consisting in soft particles only, associated production processes, QCD-like final states, close-by SM resonances, and SUSY scenarios where no missing energy is produced. New search strategies could help to unveil the hidden BSM signatures, devised by making use of the CERN open data as a new testing ground. We discuss the CERN open data with its policies, challenges, and potential usefulness for the community. We showcase the example of the CMS collaboration, which is the only collaboration regularly releasing some of its data. We find it important to stress that individuals using public data for their own research does not imply competition with experimental efforts, but rather provides unique opportunities to give guidance for further BSM searches by the collaborations. Wide access to open data is paramount to fully exploit the LHCs potential.Acknowledgements We thank S. Kraml for useful comments. SK is supported by the Austrian Science Fund Elise-Richter grant project number V592-N27. ND acknowledges the support of Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India via the Ramanujan Fellowship SB/S2/RJN-070/2018. BB is supported by the ERC research grant NEO-NAT no. 669668. ZB is supported in part by the MIUR grant PRIN 2017X7X85K and in part by the SRNSF grant DI- 18-335. TH is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant No. DE-FG02-95ER40896. KC is supported in part by Taiwan Ministry of Sciences and Technology with grant number MoST- 110-2112-M-007-017-MY3. JT is supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement PHY-2019786 (The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions, http://iaifi.org/), and by the U.S. DOE Office of High Energy Physics under grant number DE-SC0012567. A.C. and C.A.M. acknowledge financial support by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Project No. PP00P2_176884. M.H. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Project No. PCEFP2_181117. MB is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under grant 396021762 – TRR 257. B.C. is supported by the Italian Ministry of Research (MIUR) under the Grant No. PRIN 20172LNEEZ. A.P. is supported by the SpanishGovernment and ERDF funds from the EU Commission [grant FPA2017-84445-P] and by the Generalitat Valenciana [grant Prometeo/2017/053]. BM and XR are grateful for support from the South African Department of Science and Innovation through the SA-CERN programme and the National Research Foundation for various forms of support. MK was supported by MIUR (Italy) under a contract PRIN 2015P5SBHT and by INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza and partially supported by the ERC- 2010 DaMESyFla Grant Agreement Number: 267985. Contribution by MB is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1913923. DM acknowledges support by MIUR grant PRIN 2017L5W2PT and the INFN grant SESAMO. The work of BD is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-SC0017987. GB acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation of South Africa via Thuthuka grant no. 117969

Unveiling hidden physics at the LHC

The field of particle physics is at the crossroads. The discovery of a Higgs-like boson completed the Standard Model (SM), but the lacking observation of convincing resonances Beyond the SM (BSM) offers no guidance for the future of particle physics. On the other hand, the motivation for New Physics has not diminished and is, in fact, reinforced by several striking anomalous results in many experiments. Here we summarise the status of the most significant anomalies, including the most recent results for the flavour anomalies, the multi-lepton anomalies at the LHC, the Higgs-like excess at around 96 GeV, and anomalies in neutrino physics, astrophysics, cosmology, and cosmic rays. While the LHC promises up to 4 ab−1 of integrated luminosity and far-reaching physics programmes to unveil BSM physics, we consider the possibility that the latter could be tested with present data, but that systemic shortcomings of the experiments and their search strategies may preclude their discovery for several reasons, including: final states consisting in soft particles only, associated production processes, QCD-like final states, close-by SM resonances, and SUSY scenarios where no missing energy is produced. New search strategies could help to unveil the hidden BSM signatures, devised by making use of the CERN open data as a new testing ground. We discuss the CERN open data with its policies, challenges, and potential usefulness for the community. We showcase the example of the CMS collaboration, which is the only collaboration regularly releasing some of its data. We find it important to stress that individuals using public data for their own research does not imply competition with experimental efforts, but rather provides unique opportunities to give guidance for further BSM searches by the collaborations. Wide access to open data is paramount to fully exploit the LHCs potential

Unveiling hidden physics at the LHC

The field of particle physics is at the crossroads. The discovery of a Higgs-like boson completed the Standard Model (SM), but the lacking observation of convincing resonances Beyond the SM (BSM) offers no guidance for the future of particle physics. On the other hand, the motivation for New Physics has not diminished and is, in fact, reinforced by several striking anomalous results in many experiments. Here we summarise the status of the most significant anomalies, including the most recent results for the flavour anomalies, the multi-lepton anomalies at the LHC, the Higgs-like excess at around 96 GeV, and anomalies in neutrino physics, astrophysics, cosmology, and cosmic rays. While the LHC promises up to 4 ab(-1) of integrated luminosity and far-reaching physics programmes to unveil BSM physics, we consider the possibility that the latter could be tested with present data, but that systemic shortcomings of the experiments and their search strategies may preclude their discovery for several reasons, including: final states consisting in soft particles only, associated production processes, QCD-like final states, close-by SM resonances, and SUSY scenarios where no missing energy is produced. New search strategies could help to unveil the hidden BSM signatures, devised by making use of the CERN open data as a new testing ground. We discuss the CERN open data with its policies, challenges, and potential usefulness for the community. We showcase the example of the CMS collaboration, which is the only collaboration regularly releasing some of its data. We find it important to stress that individuals using public data for their own research does not imply competition with experimental efforts, but rather provides unique opportunities to give guidance for further BSM searches by the collaborations. Wide access to open data is paramount to fully exploit the LHCs potential.Peer reviewe