Cortical correlates of the basic and first harmonic frequency of Parkinsonian tremor

Objective It has been hypothesized that the basic and first harmonic frequency of Parkinsonian tremor are somewhat independent oscillations the biological basis of which remains unclear. Methods We recorded 64-channel EEG in parallel with EMG of the forearm muscles most affected by rest tremor in 21 PD patients. EMG power spectrum, corticomuscular coherence spectra and EEG power spectra for each EEG electrode were calculated. The dynamics of the coherence and relative EMG and EEG power at the basic (tremor) frequency were calculated by a sliding, overlapping window analysis. Corticomuscular delays and direction of interaction were analysed by the maximizing coherence method for narrow band signals. Results The contralateral EEG electrodes with maximal coherence were different for the basic and first harmonic frequency. The dynamical coherence curves showed non-parallel time courses for the two frequencies. The mean EEG-EMG and EMG-EEG delays were all around 15–20 ms but significantly longer for the first harmonic than for the basic frequency. Conclusions Our data indicate different cortical representations and corticomuscular interaction of the basic and first harmonic frequencies of Parkinsonian tremor. Significance Separate central generators seem to contribute to the tremor via different pathways. Further studies on this complex tremor network are warranted

Outcomes in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid Versus Tricuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis

Cardiolog

Molecular characterization of the murine 66.3-kDa protein

Das murine 66.3-kDa-Protein wurde im Rahmen einer Proteomanalyse Mannose-6-Phosphat-bindender Proteine als eines von mehreren potentiell lysosomalen Matrixprotein identifiziert (Kollmann K, Mutenda KE, Balleininger M, Eckermann E, von Figura K, Schmidt B, Lübke T (2005) Identification of novel lysosomal matrix proteins by proteome analysis. Proteomics 5(15), 3966–3678). In der vorliegenden Arbeit gelang es, die lysosomale Lokalisation des endogenen 66.3-kDa-Proteins durch indirekte Immunfluoreszenz embryonaler Mausfibroblasten und durch subzelluläre Fraktionierung Tyloxapol-angereicherter Lysosomen aus Leberhomogenat nachzuweisen. Das 66.3-kDa-Protein wurde in HT1080-Zellen stabil exprimiert. Dort wird es durch limitierte Proteolyse aus einer Proform von 75kDa in ein N-terminales 28-kDa-Fragment und ein C terminales 40-kDa-Fragment und anschließend aus letzterem in ein C terminales 15-kDa-Fragment prozessiert. Das 28-kDa- und das 15-kDa-Fragment konnten intralysosomal nachgewiesen werden. Im Northern Blot konnte ein hoher Transkriptionslevel in Lunge und Hoden und im Westernblot eine hohe Proteinexpression in Gehirn, Lunge, Milz und Herz detektiert werden. Interessanterweise wird das endogene murine 66.3-kDa Protein höchst gewebespezifisch in aktive Fragmente prozessiert. Eine mögliche Funktion des Proteins wurde durch Affinitätschromatographie und durch Interaktionsstudien untersucht

Molecular characterization of the hypothetical 66.3-kDa protein in mouse: lysosomal targeting, glycosylation, processing and tissue distribution

Deuschl F, Kollmann K, von Figura K, Lübke T. Molecular characterization of the hypothetical 66.3-kDa protein in mouse: lysosomal targeting, glycosylation, processing and tissue distribution. Febs Letters. 2006;580(24):5747-5752

De novo sulfur SAD phasing of the lysosomal 66.3 kDa protein from mouse

Lakomek K, Dickmanns A, Mueller U, et al. De novo sulfur SAD phasing of the lysosomal 66.3 kDa protein from mouse. Acta Crystallographica Section D. 2009;65(3):220-228