Analysis of the film thickness of a root canal sealer following three obturation techniques

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise quantitativa da espessura da linha de cimento endodôntico formada por três técnicas de obturação. Trinta incisivos centrais superiores humanos foram selecionados e acessados de modo convencional. Uma lima nº 15 K-Flexofile foi usada para a verificação da patência foraminal e para determinação do comprimento de trabalho, que foi estabelecido a 1 mm aquém do forame apical. Os canais foram preparados até a lima nº 45. Hipoclorito de sódio a 5,25% foi usado durante toda a instrumentação. Os dentes foram divididos em 3 grupos e obturados pelos seguintes critérios: G1 - condensação lateral; G2 - compressão hidraúlica e G3 - onda de condensação. Os dentes foram seccionados e analisados nos terços cervical, médio e apical. A espessura do filme de cimento foi determinada por um processo semi-automático de análise e processamento digital de imagens realizado no software KS 400. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado com teste de Wilcox, que revelou diferenças significantes entre G3 e G1 e entre G3 e G2, sendo p £ 0,05. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre G1 e G2. De um modo geral, a compressão hidraúlica (G2) e condensação lateral (G1) revelaram uma maior espessura do filme de cimento. A menor espessura do filme de cimento obtida pela técnica de onda de condensação tende a melhorar a performance clínica dessa técnica em relação às outras testadas.The aim of this study was to obtain a quantitative analysis of the film thickness of a root canal sealer formed after filling by three different techniques. Thirty human maxillary incisors were selected and access cavities were prepared using high-speed diamond stones and water spray. A size #15 K-Flexofile was introduced in the canal of each specimen until it was seen just at the apical foramen. The working length was determined to be 1 mm short of that position and the canals were prepared to an apical size of #45 K-Flexofile. Copious irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) was used during and after instrumentation. The samples were divided into three groups and obturated as follows: G1 - lateral condensation, G2 - lateral condensation with an accessory cone, and G3 - continuous wave of condensation. The samples were evaluated in the cervical, middle and apical thirds. The film thickness of the root canal sealer was measured through a microscopic evaluation. Statistical analysis was obtained using the Wilcox test. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between G3 and G1, G3 and G2 (p < 0.05). In general, the lowest film thickness was observed in the continuous wave of condensation (G3). Lateral condensation with an accessory cone (G2) and lateral condensation (G1) demonstrated poorer results in this study, showing a higher film thickness. The small film thickness of the sealer obtained by the continuous wave of condensation technique may increase the clinical performance of this technique

GESTÃO DE TRANSPORTE RODOVIÁRIO

Em um mundo globalizado, é cada vez maior a necessidade de ampliar o atendimento e reduzir os custos. Nesse contexto, as empresas foram atrás de inovações. O setor de transportes rodoviários abrange a movimentação de mercadorias, entrega no prazo combinado e custos reduzidos e pretende, também, diminuir os custos. A matriz de transporte brasileira é rodoviária, o que mostra importância do desenvolvimento de estratégias de circulação. E ainda, na medida em que existem problemas na relação entre o caminhoneiro e a empresa, um aplicativo programado em Java, que controla todo o transporte de cargas da empresa, proporciona uma maior integração entre os mesmos, principal objetivo deste projeto. Este sistema não é usado em boa parte das empresas, assim surge a necessidade de desenvolvermos um sistema completo e de fácil acesso para as empresas no ramo de transporte rodoviário, terceira fonte de arrecadação do município de Fraiburgo/SC (GUIMARÃES, 2010)

APLICATIVO DE GESTÃO DE TRANSPORTE RODOVIÁRIO

&nbsp;Baseado em uma necessidade de gerenciar cargas de transporte rodoviário, este trabalho desenvolveu um aplicativo que busca construir soluções para uma empresa de Fraiburgo, que concentra suas atividades no transporte de maçã através de meios rodoviários. O objetivo desse aplicativo é proporcionar praticidade tanto ao gerente da empresa, quanto ao motorista na hora de transportar a mercadoria, facilitando e otimizando o tempo da entrega. O aplicativo está associado ao GPS (Sistema de Posicionamento Global), muito utilizado atualmente, que traça as rotas que o motorista deve seguir: rotas rurais de difícil acesso e rodovias. O aplicativo também possibilita fazer a comunicação empresa-motorista e o gerenciamento das cargas e, assim como os motoristas disponíveis para o transporte

APLICATIVO DE GESTÃO DE TRANSPORTE RODOVIÁRIO

Baseado em uma necessidade de gerenciar cargas de transporte rodoviário, este trabalhodesenvolveu um aplicativo que busca construir soluções para uma empresa de Fraiburgo,que concentra suas atividades no transporte de maçã através de meios rodoviários. Oobjetivo desse aplicativo é proporcionar praticidade tanto ao gerente da empresa, quantoao motorista na hora de transportar a mercadoria, facilitando e otimizando o tempo daentrega. O aplicativo está associado ao GPS (Sistema de Posicionamento Global), muitoutilizado atualmente, que traça as rotas que o motorista deve seguir: rotas rurais de difícilacesso e rodovias. O aplicativo também possibilita fazer a comunicação empresamotorista e o gerenciamento das cargas e, assim como os motoristas disponíveis para otransporte

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Sodium hypochlorite with reduced surface tension does not improve in situ pulp tissue dissolution

INTRODUCTION: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions with added wetting agents are advertised to dissolve necrotic tissue in root canals faster than their counterparts without a lowered surface tension. This was tested in the current study, and the null hypothesis formulated was that there was no difference between a commercially available NaOCl solution with a lowered surface tension (Chlor-XTRA; Vista Dental Products, Racine, WI) and a counterpart containing the same amount of available chlorine without added wetting agents regarding the soft tissue that remains in oval-shaped canals after mechanical preparation and irrigation. METHODS: Formerly vital extracted teeth (N = 44, 22 pairs) with similar anatomy were radiographically paired and chemomechanically prepared. In 1 tooth from each pair, a 5.25% NaOCl solution with reduced surface tension was used; in the other, a pure, technical-grade NaOCl solution of 5.25% was used. The percentage of remaining pulp tissue (PRPT) was histologically assessed in root cross-sections. The non-Gaussian raw data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests to verify the respective effect of the cross-section level and solution on the PRPT. The relationship between the cross-section level and the PRPT was estimated by the Spearman correlation test. The alpha-type error was set at 5%. RESULTS: The cross-section level significantly influenced the PRPT (P .05). A significant inverse correlation was found between the cross-section level and the PRPT (P < .05, r = -0.330). The lower the distance to the apex, the higher the PRPT regardless of the solution used. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to the advertised statement, the dental solution with a reduced surface tension did not dissolve vital pulp tissue in oval root canals any better than a conventional NaOCl solution of similar strength. Closer to the apex, pulp tissue dissolution is less efficient irrespective of the solution

The influence of the surgical operating microscope in locating the mesiolingual canal orifice: a laboratory analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of using the surgical operating microscope (SOM) for detection of the mesiolingual (ML) canal orifice in extracted first maxillary permanent molars. One hundred and eight human first maxillary permanent molars were randomly selected and mounted onto a dental chair mannequin. Conventional access cavity was prepared and an attempt was made to locate the mesiolingual canal orifice using only a sharp explorer, a mirror and a #10 K-file. A mesiolingual canal orifice was either located or not located. If not located, the teeth were then evaluated by using a surgical operating microscope (SOM). The mesiobuccal roots of all teeth where the ML canal orifice had not been located were sectioned in an axial plane and the sections were explored with an adjunctive use of the SOM at a 25 X magnification. ML canal orifices were detected in 58 teeth using only a sharp explorer, a mirror and #10 K-file. In the remaining 50 teeth, 37 ML canal orifices were located by using the SOM and 3 ML canal orifices were located after root sectioning. In 10 teeth, the ML canal orifices were not found. The results of this study showed a high incidence of a ML canal in the mesiobuccal roots of the first maxillary molars (90.7%) and demonstrated that the adjunctive use of the SOM increased the ability of the dental clinician to locate the ML canal orifice