FAUNE ET FLORE DES NIVEAUX PROFONDS DE SHAHI-TUMP (BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN) Premiers résultats

International audienceÀ Shahi-Tump, site fouillé par la Mission archéologique française au Makran (district de Kech-Makran, Balochistan pakistanais), les niveaux les plus anciens appartiennent à un faciès néolithique acéramique. Pourtant, les premiers résultats des analyses des restes archéozoologiques et archéobotaniques indiquent une séquence culturelle qui correspond à la phase ultime précédant l'introduction de la céramique dans cette région occidentale du Balochistan. L'exploitation du milieu naturel y est de faible importance et l'économie alimentaire repose fondamentalement sur des espèces animales et végétales domestiques-mais dont le spectre est encore limité. Un tel modèle est rare dans la vaste région comprise entre l'Iran oriental et l'Indus. Le seul site ayant livré des faunes et des fl ores domestiquées associées à des niveaux sans céramique est le site de Merhgarh. Ce dernier appartient cependant à une zone biogéographique très différente du Makran, et le rôle des animaux sauvages pour l'obtention de protéines d'origine animale y est très important, alors qu'il n'a joué qu'un rôle mineur dans l'économie de Shahi-Tump. La rareté de tels horizons dans toute cette région nous a paru justifi er la diffusion des points originaux concernant l'économie alimentaire de ce site avant la publication d'autres données-tout particulièrement la métrique-qui seront présentées dans le cadre de la future monographie consacrée aux restes de ce gisement. Abstract: At Shahi-Tump, a site excavated by the French Archaeological Mission to Makran (district of Kech-Makran, Baluchistan, Pakistan), the oldest occupational levels belong to an aceramic neolithic horizon. The fi rst results obtained by the analysis of archaeozoological and archaeobotanical remains suggest nevertheless that we deal here with a phase immediately preceding the introduction of ceramics into this western part of Baluchistan. The exploitation of wild resources was of minor importance and the subsistence economy seems to have been mainly based on a limited number of domestic animal and plant species. This model is uncommon in the vast region stretching from eastern Iran to the Indus. The only other site that has provided remains of domestic animals and plants associated with aceramic neolithic levels is Mehrgarh. However, at this site, situated in a quite different biogeographical zone, wild animals constituted a signifi cant part of the diet, while hunting never played an important role in the subsistence economy at Shahi-Tump. The rarity of aceramic deposits across this region justifi es the publication of the fi rst results from Shahi-Tump even though this paper does not contain detailed information, most particularly morphometric data. These will be presented at length in a future monograph dedicated to the site. Mots-clés : Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, Shahi-Tump, Makran, Néolithique acéramique, Paléo-environnement

Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthy children in a city of Argentina

Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a major global problem. Healthy carriers of S. aureus strains have an important role in the dissemination of this bacterium. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage among healthy children in a city of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, and to determine the potential risk factors for its acquisition. We also described the molecular features of MRSA strains circulating in this population. S. aureus carriage was investigated in all children attending the last year of kindergarten during the 2008 school- year period. Household contacts of MRSA carriers were also screened. Of 316 healthy children, 98 (31.0%) carried S. aureus, including 14 MRSA carriers (4.4%) and 84 methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) carriers (26.6%). All MRSA isolates carried the SCCmec type IV cassette. Eight of the fourteen isolates were closely related to the clone responsible for most severe community- acquired MRSA infections caused in our country (CAA: PFGE A, SCCmec IV, spa t311, ST5). Two subtypes (A1 and A2) were distinguished in this group by PFGE. Both had agr type II and presented the same virulence determinants, except for PVL coding genes and sea that were only harbored by subtype A1. Our results, based on the analysis of MRSA isolates recovered in the screening of healthy children, provide evidence of a community reservoir of the major CA-MRSA clone described in Argentina.Fil: Gardella, N.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Murzicato, S.. Hospital Municipal de San Antonio de Areco; ArgentinaFil: Di Gregorio, Sabrina Noelia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Cuirolo, Arabela Ximena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Desse, J.. Hospital Paroissien; ArgentinaFil: Crudo, F.. Hospital Municipal de San Antonio de Areco; ArgentinaFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Mollerach, Marta Eugenia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Observation of an Excited Bc+ State

Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date

Under the Skin of a Lion: Unique Evidence of Upper Paleolithic Exploitation and Use of Cave Lion (Panthera spelaea) from the Lower Gallery of La Garma (Spain)

ABSTRACT: Pleistocene skinning and exploitation of carnivore furs have been previously inferred from archaeological evidence. Nevertheless, the evidence of skinning and fur processing tends to be weak and the interpretations are not strongly sustained by the archaeological record. In the present paper, we analyze unique evidence of patterned anthropic modification and skeletal representation of fossil remains of cave lion (Panthera spelaea) from the Lower Gallery of La Garma (Cantabria, Spain). This site is one of the few that provides Pleistocene examples of lion exploitation by humans. Our archaeozoological study suggests that lion-specialized pelt exploitation and use might have been related to ritual activities during the Middle Magdalenian period (ca. 14800 cal BC). Moreover, the specimens also represent the southernmost European and the latest evidence of cave lion exploitation in Iberia. Therefore, the study seeks to provide alternative explanations for lion extinction in Eurasia and argues for a role of hunting as a factor to take into account