Agir projectif, action collective et autonomie

Une théorie de l’action collective ne peut délaisser la question de l’émergence et de l’autonomie des collectifs. On mesure pourtant que les théories de l’entreprise dominantes dans le champ gestionnaire n’abordent pas directement cette question. Cette insuffisance plaide pour une théorie de l’action collective fondée sur le projet, ou project-based view, et la reconnaissance d’un agir projectif. La prise en compte des projets des acteurs à l’échelle individuelle et à l’échelle collective permet de revenir sur la question d’une théorie de l’action collective pertinente pour les sciences de gestion.A theory of collective action cannot ignore the question of emergence and autonomy of organizations. But the dominant theories of the firm in the field of management do not approach directly this question. This incapacity calls for a project-based view of collective action and the recognition of a projective behavior. Taking into account the actors’ projects, at the indivivual and the collective levels, allows to re-examine the question of a relevant theory of collective action for the sciences of management.Una teoría de la acción colectiva no puede abandonar la cuestión de la emergencia y de la autonomía de los colectivos. Medimos sin embargo que las teorías de la empresa dominantes en el campo gestor directamente no abordan esta cuestión. Esta insuficiencia pleitea por una teoría de la acción colectiva fundada sobre el proyecto y el reconocimiento (agradecimiento) de uno actuar proyectivo. La tomada en consideración de los proyectos de los actores a la escala individual y a la escala colectiva permite volver sobre la cuestión de una teoría de la acción colectiva pertinente para las ciencias de gestión

Agir projectif, action collective et autonomie

Une théorie de l’action collective ne peut délaisser la question de l’émergence et de l’autonomie des collectifs. On mesure pourtant que les théories de l’entreprise dominantes dans le champ gestionnaire n’abordent pas directement cette question. Cette insuffisance plaide pour une théorie de l’action collective fondée sur le projet, ou project-based view, et la reconnaissance d’un agir projectif. La prise en compte des projets des acteurs à l’échelle individuelle et à l’échelle collective permet de revenir sur la question d’une théorie de l’action collective pertinente pour les sciences de gestion.A theory of collective action cannot ignore the question of emergence and autonomy of organizations. But the dominant theories of the firm in the field of management do not approach directly this question. This incapacity calls for a project-based view of collective action and the recognition of a projective behavior. Taking into account the actors’ projects, at the indivivual and the collective levels, allows to re-examine the question of a relevant theory of collective action for the sciences of management.Una teoría de la acción colectiva no puede abandonar la cuestión de la emergencia y de la autonomía de los colectivos. Medimos sin embargo que las teorías de la empresa dominantes en el campo gestor directamente no abordan esta cuestión. Esta insuficiencia pleitea por una teoría de la acción colectiva fundada sobre el proyecto y el reconocimiento (agradecimiento) de uno actuar proyectivo. La tomada en consideración de los proyectos de los actores a la escala individual y a la escala colectiva permite volver sobre la cuestión de una teoría de la acción colectiva pertinente para las ciencias de gestión

Antibiotics induced commensal flora disruption favours escherichia coli AIEC colonization and mesenteric translocation in NOD2 knock-out mice

International audienc

Learning and adapting quadruped gaits with the "Intelligent Trial & Error" algorithm

International audienc

Evaluation of therapeutic properties of fermented vegetables extract (OM-X®) in the model of colitis induced by Citrobacter rodentium in mice

AbstractInfection of mice with Citrobacter rodentium serves as a model to study human intestinal infections. C. rodentium infection leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines, immune cell infiltration and damage to the gut barrier. We used this model of colitis to evaluate the therapeutic properties of OM-X®, an extract prepared by fermentation of vegetables, seaweeds, fruits and mushrooms. Administration of OM-X® to C. rodentium-infected mice reduced damage to the intestinal epithelium, lowered inflammation scores, increased IL-10 expression and maintained FoxP3 gene expression. OM-X® also partially prevented bacterial translocation, increased expression of tight junction genes and increased proliferation of epithelial cells. PCR analysis of stool samples showed that OM-X® significantly reduced the populations of bacteria harboring buk gene (mostly Clostridium species). It is suggested that alterations of microbiota composition, following OM-X® consumption, contribute to protection against infection and epithelial damage, and lead to an increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines

Role of the High Affinity Immunoglobulin E Receptor in Bacterial Translocation and Intestinal Inflammation

A role for immunoglobulin E and its high affinity receptor (FcεRI) in the control of bacterial pathogenicity and intestinal inflammation has been suggested, but relevant animal models are lacking. Here we compare transgenic mice expressing a humanized FcεRI (hFcεRI), with a cell distribution similar to that in humans, to FcεRI-deficient animals. In hFcεRI transgenic mice, levels of colonic interleukin 4 were higher, the composition of fecal flora was greatly modified, and bacterial translocation towards mesenteric lymph nodes was increased. In hFcεRI transgenic mice, 2,4,6-tri-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis was also more pronounced, whereas FcεRI-deficient animals were protected from colitis, demonstrating that FcεRI can affect the onset of intestinal inflammation

Anti-fibrotic effect of a novel PPAR-γ ligand, GED-0507-34 LEVO, in DSS induced colonic fibrosis in mice

Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which chronic inflammation leads to abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix components (ECM) causing obstruction and loss of function of the intestinal tract involved (1). Fibrogenesis is mainly regulates by trasforming growth factor (TGF) β/Smad pathway and a key antagonist of this signaling is represented by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. As the anti-inflammatory drugs currently used in IBD are unable to improve intestinal fibrosis the exploration of new therapeutical approaches has now became crucial (2). Aim of this study is to evaluate the antifibrotic action of a novel PPARγ agonist, GED-0507-34-LEVO (GED), in colon fibrosis in mice. Chronic colitis and fibrosis were induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of 2,5% (w/v) dextrane sulphate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days followed by 7 days of water for 3 cycles. Mice were divided into 3 groups: DSS, DSS+GED and control. 30mg/Kg/mice of GED was daily administrated by oral gavage starting from the second DSS cycle. Samples from colon were excised and processed to assess macroscopic lesions, histological and morphometrical aspects and immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analysis for TGFβ1, CTGF, collagen types I-III, Smad3,α-SMA. Evident shortening and dilation in the most of colons of DSS treated mice were observed. Macroscopic and microscopic findings were significantly improved in DSS mice+GED compared with control mice. The tissue levels of collagen and α-SMA, specific markers of fibrosis, resulted significantly increased in mice receving DSS compared to control mice, as well as the expression of TGFβ1, CTGF, Smad3. DSS+GED group showed reduced expression of all markers involved. GED significantly improves the intestinal fibrotic lesions in DSS chronic colitis murine model and controls the pivotal molecular events leading to fibrosis

Attenuation of Colon Inflammation through Activators of the Retinoid X Receptor (Rxr)/Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ (Pparγ) Heterodimer: A Basis for New Therapeutic Strategies

The peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is highly expressed in the colon mucosa and its activation has been reported to protect against colitis. We studied the involvement of PPARγ and its heterodimeric partner, the retinoid X receptor (RXR) in intestinal inflammatory responses. PPARγ1/− and RXRα1/− mice both displayed a significantly enhanced susceptibility to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis compared with their wild-type littermates. A role for the RXR/PPARγ heterodimer in the protection against colon inflammation was explored by the use of selective RXR and PPARγ agonists. TNBS-induced colitis was significantly reduced by the administration of both PPARγ and RXR agonists. This beneficial effect was reflected by increased survival rates, an improvement of macroscopic and histologic scores, a decrease in tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β mRNA levels, a diminished myeloperoxidase concentration, and reduction of nuclear factor κB DNA binding activity, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and p38 activities in the colon. When coadministered, a significant synergistic effect of PPARγ and RXR ligands was observed. In combination, these data demonstrate that activation of the RXR/PPARγ heterodimer protects against colon inflammation and suggest that combination therapy with both RXR and PPARγ ligands might hold promise in the clinic due to their synergistic effects