Shuttle orbiter boundary layer transition at flight and wind tunnel conditions

Hypersonic boundary layer transition data obtained on the windward centerline of the Shuttle orbiter during entry for the first five flights are presented and analyzed. Because the orbiter surface is composed of a large number of thermal protection tiles, the transition data include the effects of distributed roughness arising from tile misalignment and gaps. These data are used as a benchmark for assessing and improving the accuracy of boundary layer transition predictions based on correlations of wind tunnel data taken on both aerodynamically rough and smooth orbiter surfaces. By comparing these two data bases, the relative importance of tunnel free stream noise and surface roughness on orbiter boundary layer transition correlation parameters can be assessed. This assessment indicates that accurate predications of transition times can be made for the orbiter at hypersonic flight conditions by using roughness dominated wind tunnel data. Specifically, times of transition onset and completion is accurately predicted using a correlation based on critical and effective values of a roughness Reynolds number previously derived from wind tunnel data

Judged in a foreign language : A Chinese-Spanish court interpreting case study

Recent legislation in Spain has transposed Directive 2010/64/EU, which recognises interpretation as an essential tool for safeguarding fairness in criminal proceedings, in particular, for preventing any state of defencelessness. Previous research, however, has suggested important deficiencies in court interpreting in this country. This article analyses court interpreting from Chinese to Spanish, based on a case study of a recording of a criminal trial that took place in Barcelona in February 2015. The trial was transcribed verbatim and annotated in accordance with Cecilia Wadensjö's distinction between "talk as text" and "talk as activity." The analysis focuses on examples of errors of interpretation (non-translated speech acts, omissions, and additions), speech style and non-renditions. The results are compared with those of a corpus of 55 court proceedings in which the interpretation was from Spanish to English and from French to Romanian. The article concludes with a discussion of the factors-such as lack of specialised training, lack of deontological codes or general unawareness of the interpreter's role-that may have affected the quality of the interpretation in the trial analysed. The low proportion of interpretation during that court session (only 17.6% of the total duration) is perhaps the most striking result of the case stud

Akuntabilitas Pelayanan Publik (Studi Kasus : Pelayanan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan Kota Pekanbaru)

Accountability is a must for each public service department, Department of Spatial Planning and Building is a government agency that provide Building Permit License. People have to be satisfied of the service that given by this department. That is the reason why accountability is a must to accomplish this goal.This study aimed to describe Accountability Services Building Permit License (IMB) in Pekanbaru. The author uses indicators such as Reference Services, Solution Services and Priority Services to look at the accountability of public services. This study uses data collection techniques interview, observation and documentation.Results of this research is the accountability of service delivery Building Permit conducted by the Department of Spatial Planning and Building in Pekanbaru yet fully accountable, guides the work has not been completely oriented to service users, solution services provided to service users not provide facilities, and kepetingan service users yet fully prioritized.Keywords: Accountability, Building Permi

Sensitive Chemical Compass Assisted by Quantum Criticality

The radical-pair-based chemical reaction could be used by birds for the navigation via the geomagnetic direction. An inherent physical mechanism is that the quantum coherent transition from a singlet state to triplet states of the radical pair could response to the weak magnetic field and be sensitive to the direction of such a field and then results in different photopigments in the avian eyes to be sensed. Here, we propose a quantum bionic setup for the ultra-sensitive probe of a weak magnetic field based on the quantum phase transition of the environments of the two electrons in the radical pair. We prove that the yield of the chemical products via the recombination from the singlet state is determined by the Loschmidt echo of the environments with interacting nuclear spins. Thus quantum criticality of environments could enhance the sensitivity of the detection of the weak magnetic field.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Space Shuttle orbiter entry heating and TPS response: STS-1 predictions and flight data

Aerothermodynamic development flight test data from the first orbital flight test of the Space Transportation System (STS) transmitted after entry blackout is given. Engineering predictions of boundary layer transition and numerical simulations of the orbiter flow field were confirmed. The data tended to substantiate preflight predictions of surface catalysis phenomena. The thermal response of the thermal protection system was as expected. The only exception is that internal free convection was found to be significant in limiting the peak temperature of the structure in areas which do not have internal insulation

Aerodynamic Parameter Estimation for the X-43A (Hyper-X) from Flight Data

Aerodynamic parameters were estimated based on flight data from the third flight of the X-43A hypersonic research vehicle, also called Hyper-X. Maneuvers were flown using multiple orthogonal phase-optimized sweep inputs applied as simultaneous control surface perturbations at Mach 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, and 3 during the vehicle descent. Aerodynamic parameters, consisting of non-dimensional longitudinal and lateral stability and control derivatives, were estimated from flight data at each Mach number. Multi-step inputs at nearly the same flight conditions were also flown to assess the prediction capability of the identified models. Prediction errors were found to be comparable in magnitude to the modeling errors, which indicates accurate modeling. Aerodynamic parameter estimates were plotted as a function of Mach number, and compared with estimates from the pre-flight aerodynamic database, which was based on wind-tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics. Agreement between flight estimates and values computed from the aerodynamic database was excellent overall

Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Provide Excellent Boundary Lubrication Performance for Next-Generation Ultralow-Viscosity Automotive Engine Oils

Core cross-linked poly(stearyl methacrylate)–poly(benzyl methacrylate)–poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [S31–B200–E20] triblock copolymer nanoparticles were synthesized directly in an industrial mineral oil via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Gel permeation chromatography analysis of the S31–B200 diblock copolymer precursor chains indicated a well-controlled reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerization, while transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light-scattering (DLS), and small-angle X-ray scattering studies indicated the formation of well-defined spheres. Moreover, DLS studies performed in THF, which is a common solvent for the S and B blocks, confirmed successful covalent stabilization because well-defined solvent-swollen spheres were obtained under such conditions. Tribology experiments using a mini-traction machine (MTM) indicated that 0.50% w/w dispersions of S31–B200–E20 spheres dramatically reduce the friction coefficient of base oil within the boundary lubrication regime. Given their efficient and straightforward PISA synthesis at high solids, such nanoparticles offer new opportunities for the formulation of next-generation ultralow-viscosity automotive engine oils

Analisis Keamanan Jembatan Rangka Baja Soekarno – Hatta Malang Ditinjau Dari Aspek Kesehatan, Tegangan Pelat Buhul, Dan Simulasi Kebakaran

Salah satu jalur pergerakan transportasi yang patut menjadi perhatian di Kota Malang adalah Jembatan Rangka Baja Soekarno-Hatta, yang merupakan akses utama pengguna jalan menuju ke area pendidikan dan ke arah kota wisata Batu. Jembatan ini dirasa telah mengalami penurunan kualitas. Dalam penelitian ini, pembahasan dalam difokuskan kepada analisis kesehatan jembatan, kondisi pelat buhul akibat distribusi tegangan yang terjadi, dan kondisi jembatan akibat beban termal. Setelah dilakukan uji Rebound Hammer didapatkan nilai karakteristik sebesar 277,66 kg/cm² dan nilai rebound sebesar 46,79. UPV menunjukkan kualitas beton yang rendah (kecepatan gelombang 1633,6 m/s < 3000 m/s). Pada analisis tegangan pelat buhul, perbedaan antara kondisi ideal dan eksisting sangat jelas. Konsentrasi tegangan pada kondisi ideal tidak melebihi tegangan leleh, sedangkan pada kondisi eksisting konsentrasi tegangan melebihi tegangan leleh. Pada analisis kebakaran di atas jembatan, ketika terjadi kebakaran di tengah bentang, total waktu yang dibutuhkan sampai tegangan batang diagonal mencapai leleh adalah setelah menit ke 18.90 (1134 s) dan mencapai titik putus pada menit ke 19.23 (1154 s). Sedangkan, ketika terjadi kebakaran pada bagian pinggir bentang, waktu yang dibutuhkan jembatan untuk mencapai leleh adalah setelah menit ke 15.81 (949 s), dan pada menit ke 17.95 (1077 s) tegangan batang diagonal mencapai titik putus