Effect of a sorbent composition based on aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane on the reproductive system of <i>db/db</i> female mice with genetically determined obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized by the accumulation of toxic metabolic products in the internal environment of the organism. The development of innovative medicines based on a sorbent matrix modified with  biologically active molecules remains relevant. The sorbent composition from aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane is considered promising. The aim of the study. To investigate the effect of the sorbent composition from aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane on the uterus and ovaries of db/db  mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The sorbent composition (0.665 g/kg in 200 μl of distilled water) was administered to 14-week-old animals through an intragastric tube once a day for 7 days. The comparison groups were female rats injected with placebo (daily intragastrical administration of 200 µl of water for 7 days) and intact animals. Digital images of light-optical preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin were processed using Image-Pro Plus 4.1 software. In the ovaries, the numerical density of primordial, primary, secondary follicles and corpus luteum was determined. The width of the uterus layers, the diameters of the blood and lymphatic vessels, the width of the interstitial fissures in both organs were measured. The statistical significance of differences was determined using the Mann – Whitney test. Results. In the myometrium and endometrium of the uterus of db/db mice, dilatation of arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and edema were noted due to the accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitium layers. There were no tertiary follicles in the ovaries. The introduction of the sorbent composition contributed to a decrease in the diameters of arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels of the uterus, a decrease in edema in both organs due to the narrowing of the prelymphatic slits, and stimulated an increase in the numerical density of secondary follicles. Conclusion. A corrective effect of the sorbent composition of aluminum oxide and  polydimethylsiloxane on prelymphatic slits, blood and lymphatic vessels in the uterus and ovaries in db/db mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus was revealed

The impact of visual functions on athletes’ results and methods of their improvements

Regardless of the sport, maintaining and improvement of visual functions in athletes act an important role in achieving personal records.In this article, the interrelationships between sports results and the state of visual functions were determined, as well as devices and methods were analyzed, thanks to which it is possible to improve functions of the visual analyzer

Covid-19: A Disaster in the Linguistic Dimension of Different Countries

The article was submitted on 25.09.2020.Covid-19 is highly relevant in 2020; among other things, it is attracting new global socio-communicative and linguistic research. Scholars are addressing the linguistic response to the social and psychological situation in different countries in the era of coronavirus. Thus, the Editorial Board has created a forum for specialists to communicate (in writing), one which makes it possible to provide information about their sources on Covid-19 and illustrate theoretical materials. The participants chose to analyse different aspects of language during the pandemic; medical terminology and its relevant vocabulary were the same for all countries. The conversation goes beyond the scope of linguistics, as it is important for the researchers to characterise measures taken by governments to combat Covid-19 and the public’s reaction to them as reflected through language. Additionally, the authors focus on spontaneous linguistic responses to the pandemic in the form of language games, metaphors, and references to historical memory of combatting disasters. The pandemic has also caused long-standing forms of speech communication to change. Researchers from different European countries have took part: Arto Mustajoki (University of Helsinki, Finland; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia), Nadezjda Zorikhina Nilsson (Stockholm University, Sweden), Rafael Guzmán Tirado (University of Granada, Spain), Anna Tous-Rovirosa and Daria Dergacheva (Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain). The conversation was moderated by Irina Vepreva and Tatiana Itskovich (Ural Federal University Yekaterinburg, Russia).Тема Covid-19, актуальная для этого года, обретает новые грани как исследовательская проблема мирового масштаба в социокоммуникативном и лингвистическом аспектах. Исследователи обращаются к проблеме язы-кового реагирования на социально-психологическую обстановку, сложившуюся в разных странах в эпоху коронавируса. Объективные обстоятельства современного общения заставляют научное сообщество искать новый формат обсуждения насущных проблем. Предложенная редколлегией журнала форма письменного диалога позволяет как привести информацию об источниках высказываний о коронавирусе, так и подкрепить теоретические положения ссылками на научные изыскания. Участники дискуссии выбрали различные аспекты анализа языкового существования в период пандемии. В поле наблюдений были включены вопросы, связанные с лексиконом дискурса пандемии, который носит глобальный характер: медицинская терминология и актуальная лексика оказались общими для всех стран. Разговор выходит за рамки лингвистического обзора, поскольку важно было охарактеризовать действия правительства по борьбе с коронавирусом и общественную реакцию на эти действия, отраженную в языковых явлениях. В стороне не осталось обсуждение стихийно складывающейся языковой реакции на пандемию, выраженной в фактах языковой игры и метафорики, а также обращения к исторической памяти народа о противостоянии бедствиям. Пандемия оказала влияние и на устоявшиеся формы речевой коммуникации. В обсуждении приняли участие исследователи из разных стран Европы: Арто Мустайоки (А. М.; Хельсинкский университет, Финляндия; Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Москва, Россия )1, Надежда Зорихина-Нильссон (Н. З.-Н.; Стокгольмский университет, Швеция), Рафаэль Гусман Тирадо (Р. Г.-Т.; Гранадский университет, Испания), Анна Тоус-Ровироса, Дарья Дергачева (А. Т.-Р., Д. Д.; Свободный университет Барселоны, Испания). Модераторами обсуждения стали Ирина Вепрева и Татьяна Ицкович (И. В., Т. И.; Уральский федеральный университет, Екатеринбург, Росси я)2

Measurements of the νμ\nu_{\mu} and νˉμ\bar{\nu}_{\mu}-induced Coherent Charged Pion Production Cross Sections on 12C^{12}C by the T2K experiment

We report an updated measurement of the $\nu_{\mu}$-induced, and the first measurement of the $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$-induced coherent charged pion production cross section on $^{12}C$ nuclei in the T2K experiment. This is measured in a restricted region of the final-state phase space for which $p_{\mu,\pi} > 0.2$ GeV, $\cos(\theta_{\mu}) > 0.8$ and $\cos(\theta_{\pi}) > 0.6$, and at a mean (anti)neutrino energy of 0.85 GeV using the T2K near detector. The measured $\nu_{\mu}$ CC coherent pion production flux-averaged cross section on $^{12}C$ is $(2.98 \pm 0.37 (stat.) \pm 0.31 (syst.) \substack{ +0.49 \\ -0.00 } \mathrm{ (Q^2\,model)}) \times 10^{-40}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}$. The new measurement of the $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$-induced cross section on $^{12}{C}$ is $(3.05 \pm 0.71 (stat.) \pm 0.39 (syst.) \substack{ +0.74 \\ -0.00 } \mathrm{(Q^2\,model)}) \times 10^{-40}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}$. The results are compatible with both the NEUT 5.4.0 Berger-Sehgal (2009) and GENIE 2.8.0 Rein-Sehgal (2007) model predictions

Measurements of the νμ and ν¯μ -induced coherent charged pion production cross sections on C12 by the T2K experiment

We report an updated measurement of the ν μ -induced, and the first measurement of the ¯ ν μ -induced coherent charged pion production cross section on 12 C nuclei in the Tokai-to-Kamioka experiment. This is measured in a restricted region of the final-state phase space for which p μ , π &gt; 0.2     GeV , cos ( θ μ ) &gt; 0.8 and cos ( θ π ) &gt; 0.6 , and at a mean (anti)neutrino energy of 0.85 GeV using the T2K near detector. The measured ν μ charged current coherent pion production flux-averaged cross section on 12 C is ( 2.98 ± 0.37 ( stat ) ± 0.31 ( syst ) + 0.49 − 0.00 ( Q 2   model ) ) × 10 − 40     cm 2 . The new measurement of the ¯ ν μ -induced cross section on 12 C is ( 3.05 ± 0.71 ( stat ) ± 0.39 ( syst ) + 0.74 − 0.00 ( Q 2   model ) ) × 10 − 40     cm 2 . The results are compatible with both the NEUT 5.4.0 Berger-Sehgal (2009) and GENIE 2.8.0 Rein-Sehgal (2007) model predictions

Scintillator ageing of the T2K near detectors from 2010 to 2021

The T2K experiment widely uses plastic scintillator as a target for neutrino interactions and an active medium for the measurement of charged particles produced in neutrino interactions at its near detector complex. Over 10 years of operation the measured light yield recorded by the scintillator based subsystems has been observed to degrade by 0.9–2.2% per year. Extrapolation of the degradation rate through to 2040 indicates the recorded light yield should remain above the lower threshold used by the current reconstruction algorithms for all subsystems. This will allow the near detectors to continue contributing to important physics measurements during the T2K-II and Hyper-Kamiokande eras. Additionally, work to disentangle the degradation of the plastic scintillator and wavelength shifting fibres shows that the reduction in light yield can be attributed to the ageing of the plastic scintillator. The long component of the attenuation length of the wavelength shifting fibres was observed to degrade by 1.3–5.4% per year, while the short component of the attenuation length did not show any conclusive degradation

Construction status and prospects of the Hyper-Kamiokande project

The Hyper-Kamiokande project is a 258-kton Water Cherenkov together with a 1.3-MW high-intensity neutrino beam from the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The inner detector with 186-kton fiducial volume is viewed by 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and multi-PMT modules, and thereby provides state-of-the-art of Cherenkov ring reconstruction with thresholds in the range of few MeVs. The project is expected to lead to precision neutrino oscillation studies, especially neutrino CP violation, nucleon decay searches, and low energy neutrino astronomy. In 2020, the project was officially approved and construction of the far detector was started at Kamioka. In 2021, the excavation of the access tunnel and initial mass production of the newly developed 20-inch PMTs was also started. In this paper, we present a basic overview of the project and the latest updates on the construction status of the project, which is expected to commence operation in 2027

Prospects for neutrino astrophysics with Hyper-Kamiokande

Hyper-Kamiokande is a multi-purpose next generation neutrino experiment. The detector is a two-layered cylindrical shape ultra-pure water tank, with its height of 64 m and diameter of 71 m. The inner detector will be surrounded by tens of thousands of twenty-inch photosensors and multi-PMT modules to detect water Cherenkov radiation due to the charged particles and provide our fiducial volume of 188 kt. This detection technique is established by Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande. As the successor of these experiments, Hyper-K will be located deep underground, 600 m below Mt. Tochibora at Kamioka in Japan to reduce cosmic-ray backgrounds. Besides our physics program with accelerator neutrino, atmospheric neutrino and proton decay, neutrino astrophysics is an important research topic for Hyper-K. With its fruitful physics research programs, Hyper-K will play a critical role in the next neutrino physics frontier. It will also provide important information via astrophysical neutrino measurements, i.e., solar neutrino, supernova burst neutrinos and supernova relic neutrino. Here, we will discuss the physics potential of Hyper-K neutrino astrophysics