Propuesta de modelo de mercadeo político para campañas al consejo municipal en Santiago de Cali

El mercadeo nació desde mediados del siglo pasado y ha tomado una gran importancia en el sector empresarial por su amplia visión de las organizaciones y por su impacto en los resultados. El mercadeo involucra todas las áreas de la organización, buscando una sinergia para la consecución de objetivos en común. Las ramas del mercadeo son comerciales, empresariales, institucionales y sociales, de este último nace, a mediados del siglo pasado el Mercadeo Político, con una gran evolución Norteamérica y gracias a la globalización se ha esparcido por todo el mundo involucrando casi todas las actividades de los individuos. En Colombia, el Mercadeo Político da sus primeros pasos con la campaña de Belisario Betancourt y desde ahí va evolucionando hasta lo que se vio en la última campaña presidencial con el presidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez. Específicamente se realizó este trabajo por la necesidad de la implementación de las herramientas que ofrece el mercadeo para las campañas al concejo Municipal de Santiago de Cali, en donde existe una carencia claramente observada en este aspecto. Se propone un modelo de Mercadeo Político para las campañas al Concejo Municipal en Santiago de Cali, desde una perspectiva ética y social, buscando que con la aplicación de técnicas profesionales se expulse a los flagelos que tanto han afectado la situación política de la ciudad y que buscan no más que organizar y estructurar las campañas políticas a esta corporación pública que es la que maneja los hilos de la ciudad. El modelo plantea, la consecución de un producto político con una cara visible como lo es el candidato, y con unas bases fundamentales como lo son el partido político y el proyecto político, todos con especificaciones claras de las funciones a realizar y tocados cada uno de estos factores por la ética, siendo este el gran vinculo de participación de la ciudadanía, puesto que la invita a ser un ente regulador y de control, realizando seguimientos continuos a la gestión política de los elegidos. Esto involucrado en un contexto en el que el mercadeo participa ofreciendo un plan estratégico de Mercadeo Político, que pretende orientar los esfuerzos del producto político hacia la satisfacción de las necesidades de la ciudadaníaTesis (Profesional en Mercadeo y Negocios Internacionales)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2005PregradoProfesional en Mercadeo y Negocios Internacionale

Arrays on disc for screening and quantification of pollutants

A rapid compact disc based methodology for screening and quantification of organic pollutants in mandarin juices is presented. The assay is established on the coating conjugate indirect competitive principle and developed under disc-array configuration. The detection is based on the acquisition of attenuated reflective signals that were proportional to optical density of the immunoreaction product. The competitive assay is applied to quantify simultaneously, in a selective manner, non-systemic insecticides in mandarin juices. The detection limits were 0.2 and 0.1 ¿g L¿1 and the sensitivity 2.1 and 1.5 ¿g L¿1, for chlorpyrifos and fenthion, respectively. Pollutants were directly quantified after sample dilution in a total time of 40 min. Also, the implementation of positive and negative controls into the array configuration served as an automatic quality control test. The effect of thermal treatment on pesticide dissipation was studied and found that it was insignificant under the studied conditions. Recovery intervals ranged from 96¿105% to 94¿103%, for chlorpyrifos and fenthion, respectively and were similar to those obtained with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In the current configuration, 64 samples can be simultaneously analyzed on a disc at a very competitive value, demonstrating its potential for high-throughput multiplexed screening applications for controlled monitoring programs in low-level labs or outside the lab settingThis work was funded by the projects FEDER CTQ2010-15943 (CICYT, Spain), and PROMETEO 2010/008 and ACOMP/2012/158 (Generalitat Valenciana).Navarro, P.; Morais Ezquerro, SB.; Gavaldón, JA.; Pérez, AJ.; Puchades Pla, R.; Maquieira Catala, Á. (2013). Arrays on disc for screening and quantification of pollutants. Analytica Chimica Acta. 784:59-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.041S596478

Protonated nickel 2-methylimidazole framework as an advanced electrode material for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor

© 2021 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high conductivity have proven to be an exciting electrode material for energy storage devices. However, most of the MOFs exhibit a low electrical conductivity, which limits their use in supercapacitors. To overcome this issue herein, a simple acid treatment method was adopted to obtain nanoflower-like nickel 2-methylimidazole framework (Ni-MOF) to improve the electrical conductivity without disrupting its framework. The sample treated with a solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at optimal pH 2 (Ni-MOF-2), exhibited improved surface texture with excellent electrochemical characteristics. The Ni-MOF-2 sample displayed a high specific capacity (Cs) of 467 C/g at 1 A/g in aqueous 6 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte than that of other samples. This is mainly due to enhanced proton conduction in Ni-MOF-2 after acid treatment. In addition, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device was fabricated using battery-type Ni-MOF-2 as a positive electrode and heteroatomenriched activated carbon (O, N, S@AC) as a negative electrode. The fabricated HSC exhibited a maximum specific capacity (Cs) of 38 mAh/g with high specific energy (Es) 39 Wh/kg and maximum specific power (Ps) of 11,079 W/kg. Moreover, the HSC displayed excellent cyclic stability of ~87% for 10,000 continuous galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) cycles.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Mixed-phase composites derived from cobalt terephthalate as efficient battery-type electrodes for high-performance supercapattery

© 2023 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Interfacial engineering of two-dimensional (2D) monometallic phosphides enables remarkable structural and electrochemical properties in energy storage devices. Herein, 2D nanosheets (NSs) of FeP2/Co2P were grown on Ni-foam (FCP) using a solution-based and phosphorization approach to be used as freestanding for high-performance energy storage devices. An effective phosphorization strategy is successfully developed to improve the overall crystalline phase, tailor the morphology, and boost the electrochemical performances of electrodes. The FCP NSs electrode exhibits a battery-type redox behavior with a maximum high areal capacity of 1.96 C cm–2 at 4 mA cm–2 in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte compared to the other counterparts. The superior electrochemical performance was achieved by increasing the electroactive sites and high conductivity via surface tailoring and fast redox reactions. Moreover, a supercapattery was assembled utilizing FCP and activated carbon (AC) electrodes and it revealed maximum specific energy (Es) and specific power (Ps) of 41.2 Wh kg–1 and 7578 W kg–1 with good cycling stability of 91% after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g–1. Eventually, the supercapattery has been explored in practical applications by lighting up light-emitting diodes (LEDs), representing the real-time performance of superior energy storage devices.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Vi-specific serological correlates of protection for typhoid fever

Typhoid Vi vaccines have been shown to be efficacious in children living in endemic regions; however, a widely accepted correlate of protection remains to be established. We applied a systems serology approach to identify Vi-specific serological correlates of protection using samples obtained from participants enrolled in an experimental controlled human infection study. Participants were vaccinated with Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate (Vi-TT) or unconjugated Vi-polysaccharide (Vi-PS) vaccines and were subsequently challenged with Salmonella Typhi bacteria. Multivariate analyses identified distinct protective signatures for Vi-TT and Vi-PS vaccines in addition to shared features that predicted protection across both groups. Vi IgA quantity and avidity correlated with protection from S. Typhi infection, whereas higher fold increases in Vi IgG responses were associated with reduced disease severity. Targeted antibody-mediated functional responses, particularly neutrophil phagocytosis, were also identified as important components of the protective signature. These humoral markers could be used to evaluate and develop efficacious Vi-conjugate vaccines and assist with accelerating vaccine availability to typhoid-endemic regions

O uso da agulha de 16G na core biopsy guiada por ultrassonografia em lesões mamárias

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um padrão de avaliação diagnóstica pela Core biopsy com agulha de 16G em lesões mamárias. Utilizando critérios ecográficos padronizados e relacionando os resultados ao tamanho das lesões investigadas e avaliando o número ideal de fragmentos a serem colhidos. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de maio de 2004 a setembro de 2005 em 79 pacientes com lesões incluídas nas categorias 2, 3, 4 e 5, segundo Bi-RADS® US, realizando Core Biopsy com agulha de 16G, retirando-se cinco fragmentos numerados e colocados individualmente em frascos com formol a 10%. RESULTADOS: De 84 biópsias realizadas houve 81 diagnósticos conclusivos (96%), com 43 malignos (51%) e 38 benignos (45%). A eficácia da Core biopsy aumenta com o número de amostras colhidas: com uma amostra é de 95,24%,duas amostras 96,93%; três amostras 98,8%; quatro amostras 98,81%; cinco amostras 100%. CONCLUSÃO: A retirada de três fragmentos foi suficiente para um resultado satisfatório