Evolutionary Multiobjective Feature Selection for Sentiment Analysis

AuthorSentiment analysis is one of the prominent research areas in data mining and knowledge discovery, which has proven to be an effective technique for monitoring public opinion. The big data era with a high volume of data generated by a variety of sources has provided enhanced opportunities for utilizing sentiment analysis in various domains. In order to take best advantage of the high volume of data for accurate sentiment analysis, it is essential to clean the data before the analysis, as irrelevant or redundant data will hinder extracting valuable information. In this paper, we propose a hybrid feature selection algorithm to improve the performance of sentiment analysis tasks. Our proposed sentiment analysis approach builds a binary classification model based on two feature selection techniques: an entropy-based metric and an evolutionary algorithm. We have performed comprehensive experiments in two different domains using a benchmark dataset, Stanford Sentiment Treebank, and a real-world dataset we have created based on World Health Organization (WHO) public speeches regarding COVID-19. The proposed feature selection model is shown to achieve significant performance improvements in both datasets, increasing classification accuracy for all utilized machine learning and text representation technique combinations. Moreover, it achieves over 70% reduction in feature size, which provides efficiency in computation time and space

Boosting initial population in multiobjective feature selection with knowledge-based partitioning

The quality of features is one of the main factors that affect classification performance. Feature selection aims to remove irrelevant and redundant features from data in order to increase classification accuracy. However, identifying these features is not a trivial task due to a large search space. Evolutionary algorithms have been proven to be effective in many optimization problems, including feature selection. These algorithms require an initial population to start their search mechanism, and a poor initial population may cause getting stuck in local optima. Diversifying the initial population is known as an effective approach to overcome this issue; yet, it may not suffice as the search space grows exponentially with increasing feature sizes. In this study, we propose an enhanced initial population strategy to boost the performance of the feature selection task. In our proposed method, we ensure the diversity of the initial population by partitioning the candidate solutions according to their selected number of features. In addition, we adjust the chances of features being selected into a candidate solution regarding their information gain values, which enables wise selection of features among a vast search space. We conduct extensive experiments on many benchmark datasets retrieved from UCI Machine Learning Repository. Moreover, we apply our algorithm on a real-world, large-scale dataset, i.e., Stanford Sentiment Treebank. We observe significant improvements after the comparisons with three off-the-shelf initialization strategies

La contribución del espesor de la cerámica y el tipo de adhesivo a la resistencia de desunión de las carillas dentales de cerámica con láser Er, Cr: YSGG.

Purpose: De-bonding strength of ceramic veneers by laser use needs to be evaluated in detail. The aim of this study, is to determine the contribution of ceramic thickness and cementing agents to the de-bonding strength of ceramic veneers using Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Methods: A total of 120 maxillary central incisors specimens were randomly divided into twelve groups on the basis of disc thickness, cementing agent, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser use. Under laboratory conditions, 120 IPS Empress II system discs 0.5mm, 1mm, and 2mm in thickness were applied to the tooth surfaces, for laser use. An Er,Cr:YSGG laser system was applied to the central surface of the IPS Empress II discs on specimens in all laser groups (Groups 1,3,5,7,9,11). Then the shear bond strength (SBS) for all specimens were tested with a testing machine at a speed of 0.5mm/min. The SBS values were considered as the de-bonding strength. Results: The mean de-bonding strength values for Groups 9 and 11 (0,5 mm disc thickness + laser application) have the lowest median load (0.000 N), while Group 4 (2mm disc thickness + no laser) has the highest median load (573.885 N). The de-bonding strengths of all the groups without laser application were higher than those of all groups with laser use. When laser is applied, the mean de-bonding strength decreases with decreasing disc thickness, and it reaches zero at 0.5mm thickness of discs cemented by self- or total-etch adhesives. Conclusions: The de-bonding strength decreases with laser use, and decreasing disc thickness. In the absence of laser, the mean de-bonding values of discs cemented by a total etch adhesive system are always higher than those of discs cemented with a self-etch adhesive system. Without any extra load, all 0.5mm thick discs were dislodged from teeth while applying or testing the laser.Propósito: La resistencia de desunión de las carillas de cerámica mediante el uso del láser debe evaluarse en detalle. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la contribución del espesor de la cerámica y los agentes de cementación a la resistencia de desunión de las carillas de cerámica utilizando el láser Er, Cr: YSGG. Métodos: Un total de 120 incisivos centrales maxilares se dividieron al azar en doce grupos según el grosor del disco, el agente de cementación y el uso del láser Er, Cr: YSGG. En condiciones de laboratorio, se aplicaron en las superficies de los dientes 120 discos del sistema IPS Empress II de 0,5mm, 1mm y 2mm de grosor, para uso con láser. Se aplicó un sistema láser Er, Cr: YSGG a la superficie central de los discos IPS Empress II en muestras de todos los grupos de láser (Grupos 1,3,5,7,9,11). Luego, la resistencia de la unión al cizallamiento (SBS) para todas las muestras se probó con una máquina de prueba a una velocidad de 0.5mm/min. Los valores de SBS se consideraron como la fuerza de desunión. Resultados: Los valores medios de resistencia de desunión para los Grupos 9 y 11 (espesor de disco de 0,5mm + aplicación de láser) demostró la carga media más baja (0,000 N), mientras que el Grupo 4 (espesor de disco de 2 mm + sin láser) tuvo la carga media más alta (573.885 N). Las fuerzas de desunión de todos los grupos sin aplicación de láser fueron superiores a las de todos los grupos con uso de láser. Cuando se aplica el láser, la fuerza media de desunión disminuye al disminuir el grosor del disco, y llega a cero con el grosor de 0,5mm de los discos cementados, para ambos adhesivos de grabado. Conclusiones: la fuerza de desunión disminuye con el uso del láser y disminuye con el grosor del disco. En ausencia de láser, los valores medios de desunión de los discos cementados con un sistema de adhesivo de grabado total son siempre más altos que los de los discos cementados con un sistema de adhesivo de autograbado. Sin ninguna carga adicional, todos los discos de 0,5mm de grosor se desprendieron de los dientes al aplicar el láser

Increased serum levels of NMDA receptor antibodies in female patients with bipolar disorder

Objective: Glutamatergic/GABAergic imbalance due to autoimmune antibodies targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA-R) is considered to be one of the shared pathways between bipolar disorder (BD) and autoimmune diseases. Evidence shows female vulnerability to autoimmune disorders, and suggests a sex-specific approach in autoimmunity research in BD. We aimed to assess serum concentrations of NMDA-R antibodies and density of NMDA and GABA receptors on platelets in euthymic patients with BD in comparison to healthy individuals; and to determine the impact of sex on serum concentrations of NMDA-R antibodies and the density of NMDA and GABA receptors on platelets. Method: NMDA antibody IgG were detected in serum samples of 27 DSM IV euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (16 females, 11 males) and 33 healthy individuals (17 females, 16 males), using ELISA method. The densities of NMDA and GABA receptors on platelets were investigated using immunocytochemical methods. Results: Patients with BD presented higher serum levels of NMDA-R antibodies in comparison to healthy individuals (p<0.001). The densities of NMDA and GABA receptor on platelets were similar in both groups. The NMDA-R antibody levels were influenced by both diagnosis and sex (F=5.813, df=1, p =0.020). Tserum lithium levels showed a significant linear association with the serum NMDA-R antibody levels even adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (F=-56.26, t=-2.52, p = 0.015, CI: -101.12/-11.40). Discussion: Our findings support a potential role of NMDA-R antibodies in the underlying pathophysiology of BD, particularly for females

Primary catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in an 8 year-old girl

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disease characterized by recurrent arterial and venous thromboses. Rapidly progressive multiple thromboses leading to multiorgan failure occur in less than 1% of patients and named as catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS). We, hereby, describe an 8 year-old-girl with erythematous skin lesions progressing into purpura fulminans. The patient developed CAPS with the findings including proteinuria, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, arterial and venous thromboses demonstrated on skin biopsies. She was admitted to intensive care unit and received empirical antibiotics, anticoagulants, antiaggregants, steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins. The diagnosis of APS was confirmed by positive lupus anticoagulants, elevated anti beta-2 glycoprotein IgG and antiphospholipid IgG titers. Moreover, other than MTHFRA1298C, MTHFR-C677T, factor V H1299R, beta fibrinogen-455 G>A heterozygosity indicating low risk for thrombophilia, no infectious, rheumatological or malignant etiologies were identified. Family history revealed Raynaud’s phenomenon in a sister, interstitial lung disease, proteinuria and hematuria in paternal grandmother in addition to lupus anticoagulant positivity in father and 2 elder sisters. Her treatment included debridement of necrotic skin tissue, grefting and local mesenchymal stem cell application to upper thigh and lower leg region following oral azathioprine administration

Emergence of "white-collar subject" in Turkish society : lived experiences, raisons to act and visions of the world

Cette thèse porte sur les cols blancs, un phénomène nouveau, émergeant en Turquie dans les années 2000 : un petit groupe de travailleurs salariés, non-salariés et de chômeurs s'appelant eux-mêmes cols blancs et qui ont initié une mobilisation sociale grâce aux différentes plateformes : « Plateforme Plaza-Action », « Fuis et Viens Chez Nous » et « Ouvriers en Cols Blancs ». En mobilisant les outils théoriques et méthodologiques de la Théorie critique et de la phénoménologie, et en comparant les cols blancs turcs avec l'analyse des cols blancs américains de Charles Wright Mills, la thèse analyse les visions du monde des « cols blancs », leurs raisons d'agir ainsi que les finalités de leurs mobilisations. Les objectifs des cols blancs en Turquie sont d'initier un débat sur leurs vécus au travail ainsi que de problématiser la situation socio-politique de la société depuis une dizaine d'années. Pour comprendre les « cols blancs », nous nous sommes concentrés d'abord sur leurs expériences vécues au travail : des expériences de la sérialité, c'est-à-dire le contraire de leurs attentes initiales de trouver dans le travail des possibilités de développer leur liberté d'expression et leur autonomie individuelle. Sur la base de ces expériences, les cols blancs essayent de se (re)construire en tant que sujets grâce à leurs mobilisations publiques. Il s'agit d'un processus de subjectivation et d'une quête de sens. Les « cols blancs » disposent, surtout grâce à leurs formations, des compétences intellectuelles et professionnelles nécessaires non seulement pour s'auto-analyser mais également pour analyser la situation sociale en Turquie. Ils développent également une réelle volonté de dépassement de cette situation en construisant une vie individuelle alternative à leur situation actuelle ainsi que dans la recherche d'une autre forme de vivre ensemble.This thesis focuses on "white-collars", a new phenomenon, emerging in Turkey in the 2000s: a small group of salaried, non-salaried and unemployed workers who call themselves "white-collars" and who initiated a social mobilization through the various platforms called Plaza Action Platform, Run Away and Come to Us, Workers on White Collar. By mobilizing the theoretical and methodological tools of Critical Theory and Phenomenology, and by comparing the Turkish "white-collars" with Charles Wright Mills' analysis of American white-collars, the thesis analyzes their visions of the world, their reasons to act and the finalities of their mobilizations.The objectives of "white-collars" in Turkey are to initiate a debate about their experiences at work as well as to problematize the socio-political issues of the society for the past decade. To understand "white-collars", we first focused on their experiences at work: experiences of seriality, the opposite of their initial expectations of finding at work opportunities to develop their freedom of expression and their individual autonomy. Based on these experiences, "white-collars" try to (re)construct themselves as subjects through their public mobilizations. It is a process of subjectivation and a quest for meaning. The "white-collars", especially through their education, have the necessary intellectual and professional skills not only to analyze themselves but also to analyze the social situation in Turkey. They also develop a real willingness to overcome this situation by constructing an alternative individual life to their current situation as well as in their search for another form of living together

21st Century Chinese Art Market Boom

This research paper provides a detailed analysis of how China has become the fastest growing art market around the world. How did the economic development in China led the country to the top in recent years, in contrast to its Western competitors? What is China’s role in the global art market scene? What changes have been made, in a socialist system, to accommodate foreign investors and what future changes should be made to sustain its growth? Through focusing on the correlation between economic growth and art market expansions, this research develops the relationship through referencing various quantitative and qualitative factors. The characteristics of the art market boom in China during the last decade is closely related to social, political and economic dynamics accommodated and executed by internal and external stakeholders. With no doubt, China has become one of the top three art markets in the past decade, and it will keep its position if the standard trends of mature markets set by the West is considered, or perhaps altered, in the long term

Effects of Various Preprocessing Techniques to Turkish Text Categorization Using N-Gram Features

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a prominent subject which includes various subcategories such as text classification, error correction, machine translation, etc. Unlike other languages, there are limited number of Turkish NLP studies in literature. In this study, we apply text classification on Turkish documents by using n-gram features. Our algorithm applies different preprocessing techniques, namely, n-gram choice (character level or word level, bigram or trigram models), stemming, and use of punctuation, and then determines the Turkish document's author and genre, and the gender of the author. For this purpose, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines and Random Forest are used as classification techniques. Finally, we discuss the effects of above mentioned preprocessing techniques to the performance of Turkish text classification

Optimal Reconstruction Interval In Dual Source Ct Coronary Angiography: A Single-Center Experience In 285 Patients

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the visibility of coronary arteries and bypass-grafts in patients who underwent dual source computed tomography (DSCT) angiography without heart rate (HR) control and to determine optimal intervals for image reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 285 consecutive cases who underwent coronary (n = 255) and bypass-graft (n = 30) DSCT angiography at our institution were identified retrospectively. Patients with atrial fibrillation were excluded. Ten datasets in 10% increments were reconstructed in all patients. On each dataset, the visibility of coronary arteries was evaluated using the 15-segment American Heart Association classification by two radiologists in consensus. RESULTS Mean HR was 76 +/- 16.3 bpm, (range, 46-127 bpm). All coronary segments could be visualized in 277 patients (97.19%). On a segment-basis, 4265 of 4275 (99.77%) coronary artery segments were visible. All segments of 56 bypass-grafts in 30 patients were visible (100%). Total mean segment visibility scores of all coronary arteries were highest at 70%, 40%, and 30% intervals for all HRs. The optimal reconstruction intervals to visualize the segments of all three coronary arteries in descending order were 70%, 60%, 80%, and 30% intervals in patients with a mean HR 100 bpm. CONCLUSION Without beta-blocker administration, DSCT coronary angiography offers excellent visibility of vascular segments using both end-systolic and mid-late diastolic reconstructions at HRs up to 100 bpm, and only end-systolic reconstructions at HRs over 100 bpm.WoSScopu

Co-design with children with cancer : insights from what they say, make, and do

Being diagnosed with cancer is traumatic and life-changing for children. Due to the disease and treatment, children experience suffering, pain, interruption in school and playful activities, and separation from social and familiar environments. These negatively affect their quality of life (QOL). This article reports a co-design process conducted with children with cancer to shed light on their needs with regard to the play area furniture at the hospital to recommend design ideas that might improve children’s QOL. The results have shown that a modular furniture system that can be customizable by children might contribute to their QOL – thanks to its adaptability to the needs of a wide range of age groups. In addition, there is a possible link between co-design sessions and children’s wellbeing in terms of an increased sense of control, socialization and physical activities. For designers– who are the facilitators of co-design sessions with children– actively involving caregivers in co-design processes, co-designing the generative tools and the process with participants, and conducting observations and interviews to shape and complement the co-design sessions are advised. The findings of this study are expected to assist designers, co-design practitioners and healthcare members