WYKORZYSTANIE METOD NUMERYCZNYCH DO ROZWIĄZYWANIA UKŁADU RÓWNAŃ KONCENTRACJI KLASTRÓW W MATERIAŁACH GAZOWYCH

This article describes cluster model of gaseous materials and prospects of using the model. Equations set for the calculation of different sizes clusters concentrations are presented. The authors produce numerical solution of the equation set. Results of the numerical solution are compared with the results that derived from analytical solution.Ten artykuł zawiera opis modelu klastrowego materiałów gazowych i analiza perspektywy jego zastosowania. Przedstawiono układ równań do obliczania koncentracji klastrów różnych rozmiarów. Autorzy przedstawiają rozwiązanie numeryczne danego układu. Wyniki rozwiązania numerycznego są porównane z wynikami otrzymanymi metodami analitycznymi

Desenvolvimento do turismo regional: fatores que afetam a formação de competências profissionais em futuros profissionais do turismo

The socio-political changes faced by Russia force universities to adjust the theoretical training and practical skills of students. These changes need to focus on the development of domestic tourism in Russia. In one hand, this brings about the need for a large number of specialists in domestic tourism and, on the other hand, for systemic adjustments to the training of future specialists in the organization of tourism. Thus, the study aims to identify factors in the formation of professional competence in future specialists in the organization of regional tourism in higher education. These factors are established through analysis of scientific sources and the results of an expert survey. We have identified to two groups of the major factors that need to be taken into consideration when training specialists. The first group of factors affects the content of training and, in particular, includes targeted formation of student motivation to master professional skills and abilities in developing regional tourist products using national experience. The second group influences the methods of training (e.g. including the use of group training methods and interactive technologies). conclusions show that he effectiveness of the formation of the professional competence of future specialists in the organization of regional tourism will be ensured primarily by targeted formation of students' motivation to master professional skills and abilities to form a regional tourist product and the use of national experience of formation and implementation of regional tourist products in the activities of tourist enterprises. Moreover, such formation will be facilitated by the use of group teaching methods and interactive technologies in teaching the development of regional programs, as well as by opportunities to take internships in the tourism support system at national enterprises.Los cambios sociopolíticos a los que se enfrenta Rusia obligan a las universidades a ajustar la formación teórica y las habilidades prácticas de los estudiantes. Estos cambios deben centrarse en el desarrollo del turismo interno en Rusia. Por un lado, esto conlleva la necesidad de un gran número de especialistas en turismo interno y, por otro, de ajustes sistémicos en la formación de los futuros especialistas en la organización del turismo. El estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los factores en la formación de la competencia profesional en los futuros especialistas en la organización del turismo regional en la educación superior. Estos factores se establecen mediante el análisis de fuentes científicas y los resultados de una encuesta a expertos. Se han identificado dos grupos de los principales factores que hay que tener en cuenta en la formación de especialistas. El primer grupo afecta al contenido de la formación y, en particular, incluye la formación dirigida a la motivación de los estudiantes para dominar las habilidades y capacidades profesionales en el desarrollo de productos turísticos regionales utilizando la experiencia nacional. El segundo grupo influye en los métodos de formación (e.g. usando métodos de formación en grupo y tecnologías interactivas). Se puede decir que la eficacia de la formación de la competencia profesional de los futuros especialistas en la organización del turismo regional estará garantizada principalmente por la formación específica de la motivación de los estudiantes para dominar las habilidades y capacidades profesionales para formar un producto turístico regional y el uso de la experiencia nacional de formación e implementación de productos turísticos regionales en las actividades de las empresas turísticas. Además, dicha formación se verá facilitada por el uso de métodos de enseñanza en grupo y tecnologías interactivas en la enseñanza del desarrollo de programas regionales, así como por las oportunidades de realizar prácticas en el sistema de apoyo al turismo en empresas nacionales.As mudanças sócio-políticas enfrentadas pela Rússia obrigam as universidades a ajustar a formação teórica e as competências práticas dos estudantes. Estas mudanças têm de se concentrar no desenvolvimento do turismo interno na Rússia. Por um lado, isto traz a necessidade de um grande número de especialistas em turismo doméstico, e por outro, de ajustamentos sistêmicos na formação de futuros especialistas na organização do turismo. O estudo visa identificar fatores na formação de competência profissional em futuros especialistas na organização do turismo regional no ensino superior. Estes fatores são estabelecidos através da análise de fontes científicas e dos resultados de uma pesquisa com experts no tema. Identificam-se dois grupos dos principais fatores que precisam de ser tomados em consideração na formação de especialistas: o primeiro relacionado ao conteúdo da formação e, em particular, a formação orientada da motivação dos estudantes para dominarem as competências e capacidades profissionais no desenvolvimento de produtos turísticos regionais utilizando a experiência nacional. Jjá o segundo grupo influencia os métodos de treinamento (por exemplo, com o uso de métodos de treinamento em grupo e tecnologias interativas). Pode-se concluir que a eficácia da formação da competência profissional dos futuros especialistas na organização do turismo regional será assegurada principalmente pela formação orientada da motivação dos estudantes para dominar as habilidades e habilidades profissionais para formar um produto turístico regional e o uso da experiência nacional de formação e implementação de produtos turísticos regionais nas atividades das empresas turísticas. Além disso, tal formação deverá ser facilitada pelo uso de métodos de ensino em grupo e tecnologias interativas no ensino do desenvolvimento de programas regionais, bem como por oportunidades de fazer estágios no sistema de apoio ao turismo em empresas nacionais

Organization of project activities in the system of advanced training of teachers

Project activity occupies an important place in the system of professional development. Focused on a rapidly changing environment, it provides the widest opportunities for innovative development of the field of additional education. The implementation of project activities allows you to form important for students of courses, leading decisions in the context of global educational competition and high uncertainty of the educational environment. The purpose of the article is to study the experience of organizing project activities in the system of professional development of teachers. Project activity is a joint educational creative activity of course participants that has a common goal and agreed methods to achieve it. The article reveals the experience of project activities of students in the framework of the course "Management in education". In the process of implementing project activities, the project competence of students is formed. Project activity occupies an important place in the system of professional development. Its implementation allows you to radically change the entire learning process, make it active, creative and independent.

Расчетная модель общего равновесия для оценки экономического эффекта ранней диагностики болезни Паркинсона

This paper presents a new CGE model of the Russian economy with a health block. We estimate effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) on the Russian economy and population. We distinguish two mechanisms transmitting effects of the PD: a change in the quality of life of a representative household and a decrease in labor supply due to early retirement caused by PD. Our main focus is on effects of early diagnosis of PD coupled with the use of neuroprotective therapy at the prodromal stage of PD. Calculations showed that the cumulative economic effect of PD on the Russian economy, taking into account the forecast of an increase in the incidence of PD over 30 years, can lead to a loss of real GDP in the amount of -0.86%, and a decrease in the utility of households over the same period in the amount of -1.11% of the consumption level of the base year. The high efficiency of early diagnosis in combination with neuroprotective therapy was shown: the cumulative effect, taking into account the prognosis of an increase in the incidence of PD over 30 years of using this method, can give a gain of about 0.68% of the base year GDP, which is accompanied by an increase in the welfare of a representative consumer in the amount of 0.88 % of the baseline consumption. We show that the prevailing channel of influence of PD on macroeconomic parameters is the effect of a reduction in the supply of labor due to an increase in the disability of patients with PD

Расчетная модель общего равновесия для оценки экономического эффекта ранней диагностики болезни Паркинсона

This paper presents a new CGE model of the Russian economy with a health block. We estimate effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) on the Russian economy and population. We distinguish two mechanisms transmitting effects of the PD: a change in the quality of life of a representative household and a decrease in labor supply due to early retirement caused by PD. Our main focus is on effects of early diagnosis of PD coupled with the use of neuroprotective therapy at the prodromal stage of PD. Calculations showed that the cumulative economic effect of PD on the Russian economy, taking into account the forecast of an increase in the incidence of PD over 30 years, can lead to a loss of real GDP in the amount of -0.86%, and a decrease in the utility of households over the same period in the amount of -1.11% of the consumption level of the base year. The high efficiency of early diagnosis in combination with neuroprotective therapy was shown: the cumulative effect, taking into account the prognosis of an increase in the incidence of PD over 30 years of using this method, can give a gain of about 0.68% of the base year GDP, which is accompanied by an increase in the welfare of a representative consumer in the amount of 0.88 % of the baseline consumption. We show that the prevailing channel of influence of PD on macroeconomic parameters is the effect of a reduction in the supply of labor due to an increase in the disability of patients with PD

Экономическая эффективность доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона: марковская модель

This article contains a pharmacoeconomic analysis of early (preclinical) diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in Russia. Previous works show that using a combination of socio-economic determinants and a panel of blood biomarkers one may distinguish a Parkinsonism-related “risk group” among the entire population. This group consists of people who are most vulnerable to parkinsonism or are already ill, but at the preclinical stage. Together with the approach traditionally used in the pharmacoeconomics of chronic and long-term diseases, based on the representation of the dynamics of the development of the disease using Markov chains - discrete random processes without memory - this makes it possible to analyze the economic effects of early detection of cases and conducting preventive preclinical therapy. The work investigates the Markov model of Parkinson's disease, consisting of nine states - five states corresponding to the stages HY1-HY5, two preclinical states ("risk group", "prodromal state"). We use as the initial data for the model the probability of transition between states and health-adjusted quality of life (HRQoL) estimates, published in a number of works of researchers affiliated with AbbVie Corporation, and calculate the cost of therapy based on open data on the cost of drugs and procedures in Russian market. Moreover, we show that due to the introduction of preclinical diagnostics and preventive treatment at preclinical stages, identified patients can significantly increase the average survival time (in quality-adjusted life-years) compared to standard therapy, and the average cost per patient until the end of life can be significantly reduced

Оценка эффективности доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона методом "затраты-полезность"

Neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson disease being an example, set challenges to modern societies both in terms of premature deaths and resources spent on treatment of the diseases. Prevention and early diagnostics in particular, are potential directions towards higher economic efficiency of healthcare interventions in this area. We suggest a way to modify the cost-utility approach to evaluation of economic efficiency of an early diagnostics method of Parkinson disease (PD) at the laboratory stage of the diagnostics method. The lack of detailed understanding of the early testing group selection and composition are the major challenges to economic evaluation here. In particular, we consider the approach to diagnose PD at the prodromal stage suggested by Ugrumov 2020. The early diagnostics at the prodromal stage, accompanied by neuroprotective therapy of those identified at high risk of PD, allows postponing PD development for later years. The innovative approach implies saving both direct and indirect costs of PD treatment in comparison with traditional approach but adds costs of testing for the high risk of PD. The latter component may be non-trivial depending on the rules of selection into the group of tested. We suggest a way to modify the cost-utility evaluation procedure so that to take this uncertainty into account. We formulate the economic efficiency condition of the early diagnostics method in terms of the minimal probability of PD in the tested group and estimate the probability based on the Russian data. The latter sets the important threshold for innovative technology when moving from the laboratory into the clinical stage

Interaction of Leade Oxide - Germanium Oxide Melts with Platinum and Palladium

Contact interaction of leade oxide - germanium oxide melts with Pt and Pd was investigated. Good adhesion of these melts to the solid metals was observed.Исследовано контактное взаимодействие расплавов оксидов свинца - оксидов германия с платиной и палладием. Установлено, что наблюдается хорошая адгезия таких расплавов к твердым металлам

Thermodynamic Properties of Bismuth Oxide Compounds with Germanium

Методом дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии исследована температурная теплоемкость Bi12GeO20 и Bi4Ge3O12 в области 350–1000 К. Для этих соединений и Bi2GeO5, Bi2Ge3O9 проведен расчет теплоемкости методами Кубашевского, Неймана-Коппа и групповых вкладов. Установлена корреляция между удельной теплоемкостью и составом системы Bi2O3-GeO2The temperature dependence (350–1050 K) of the heat capacity of the Bi12GeO20 and Bi4Ge3O12 has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry. For these compounds and Bi2GeO5, Bi2Ge3O9, the calculation of heat capacity was carried out using the methods of Kubashevsky, Neman-Kopp and group deposits. The correlation between the specific heat capacity and the composition of the Bi2O3-GeO2 system was establishe