Karaciğer yağlanmasına karşı kullanılan bitkisel preparatlar: Sistematik derleme

The fatty liver disease is defined as more than 5% of liver histiocytes filled with fatty vacuoles, depending on diet and indepen- dent of alcohol consumption. As it is known, fatty liver and related dis- orders are common, but still have no effective treatment. It is one of the important health problems in developed countries, associated with social and economic problems. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most common chronic metabolic disorders. It was observed that the prevalence of NAFLD has increased significantly worldwide in recent years. With advancing obesity epidemics, NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease both in adults and children. Therefore, the clinical and economic burden of the disease is remarkable and increasing within the health system. While fatty liver is a metabolic disorder that has no definite drug treatment today, there are some traditional preparations used for this purpose as ethnobotanically. According to ethnobotanical studies in the current lit- erature associated to liver diseases; various in vitro, in vivo, or clinical experimental studies were reported with successful results. Thus, in this present review, studies on natural sourced raw materials, herbal for- mulations related to liver diseases, especially fatty liver, obesity, hy- perlipidemia were compiled mainly from ethnobotanical origin.Beslenmeye bağlı, alkol tüketiminden bağımsız karaciğer his- tiositlerinin %5’ten fazlasının yağ vakuolleriyle dolu olması “yağlı ka- raciğer hastalığı” olarak tan ımlanmaktadır. Bilindiği üzere karaci ğer yağlanması ve karaciğer yağlanmasına bağlı rahatsızlıklar sık görülen ancak günümüzde kanıtlanmış etkin bir tedavisi olmayan metabolik ra- hatsızlıklardır. Ülkemizde de önemli sa ğlık sorunlarının başında gel- mekte olup, sosyal ve ekonomik problemleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı, gelişmiş ülkelerde en yaygın kro- nik metabolik rahats ızlıklar arasındadır. Son y ıllarda alkole ba ğlı ol- mayan yağlı karaciğer hastalığı prevalansının dünya genelinde önemli bir şekilde arttığı gözlenmiştir. İlerleyen obezite salgınları ile nonalko- lik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı, erişkinlerde ve çocuklarda kronik karaci- ğer hastalığının en yayg ın nedeni hâline gelmi ştir. Bu nedenle ya ğlı karaciğer hastalığının klinik ve ekonomik yükü dikkate de ğerdir. Ka- raciğer yağlanması, günümüzde kesin bir ilaç tedavisi olmayan bir me- tabolik rahats ızlık iken, halk aras ında bu amaçla kullan ılan baz ı geleneksel preparatlar mevcuttur. Karaciğer rahatsızlıklarında bitkiler etnobotanik çalışmalarda yer almış; çeşitli in vitro, in vivo veya klinik deneysel araştırmalarda yer almış olup, başarılı sonuçlar alınmıştır. Bu derlemede, bilhassa karaciğer yağlanması, obezite, hiperlipidemi başta olmak üzere karaciğer rahatsızlıkları ile ilişkili bitkiler, bitkisel formü- lasyonlar ve bitkilerden elde edilen do ğal kaynaklı ham maddeler ile yapılan çalışmalar listelenmiştir. Gerek halk arasında kullanımları içe- ren, gerek deneysel çalışmaları (in vivo ve klinik çalışmalar) içeren ma- kaleler derlenmiş ve özetlenmiştir

Simulation of Density Flow in Dam Reservoirs Using Two Dimensional Mathematical Models

Density inflow is modeled in two dimensions through a reservoir with sloping bottom. If an in flow of higher density enters ambient dam reservoir water, then it plunges below theambient water and then becomes density underflow. In the present model, nonlinear andunsteady continuity, momentum, energy and turbulence model equations are formulated in theCartesian coordinates. For the turbulence viscosity, k-ε turbulence model is used with anextension to include production or destruction of turbulent kinetic energy. In order toinvestigate the Coriolis force effect on the density flow in a dam reservoir, Coriolis forceparameter is included in the governing equations. The equations of the model are solved basedon the initial and boundary conditions of the dam reservoir flow for a range of bottom slopes.The results of the present model are compared with the previous experimental work and themathematical model. Present mode

Advances in Plasmonic Technologies for Point of Care Applications

Demand for accessible and affordable healthcare for infectious and chronic diseases present significant challenges for providing high-value and effective healthcare. Traditional approaches are expanding to include point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, bedside testing, and community-based approaches to respond to these challenges. Innovative solutions utilizing recent advances in mobile technologies, nanotechnology, imaging systems, and microfluidic technologies are envisioned to assist this transformation.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (RO1 AI093282)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (RO1 AI081534)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (U54EB15408)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (R21 AI087107

ACE2 and LOX enzyme inhibitions of different lavender essential oils and major components linalool and camphor

In this present study, Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula stoechas, and Lavandula x heterophylla essential oils and their main compounds linalool and camphor were evaluated in vitro for lipoxygenase enzyme (LOX) and for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition potential. The chemical compositions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were confirmed both by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, where 22.4, 0.9, and 30.6% linalool and 17.8, 54.7, and 15% camphor were identified for each oil among other components, respectively. Enzyme inhibitory activity studies were performed at 20 mu g/mL for the tested essential oils, whereas for linalool and camphor concentrations, 5 mu g/mL was used. The ACE2 inhibitions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were 25.4, 34.1, and 27.1%, while the LOX inhibitions were observed as 79, 49.1, and 86.7%, respectively. In addition, linalool and camphor showed remarkable ACE2 inhibition with 77.1 and 85.1%, whereas the LOX inhibition was observed at 92 and 67.2%, respectively. In conclusion of the initial findings, further detailed in vivo studies are needed to confirm the safe use.Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects Commissio

An Experimental Study on Cross-Shore Sediment Transport

The cross-shore sediment transport in a coastal region causes the important changes in beach morphological properties. The accurate estimation of the cross-shore sediment transport is important for the designing of the marine structures such as seawalls, jetties, breakwaters etc, and the preventing coastal erosion and accretion due to on-off shore sediment transportation. In this study, the experiments on cross- shore sediment transport carried out in a laboratory wave channel for initial beach slopes of 1/8, 1/10 and 1/15. Using the regular waves with different deep-water wave steepness generated by a pedal-type wave generator, the geometrical characteristics of beach profiles under storm conditions and the parameters affecting on-off shore sediment transport are investigated for the beach materials having medium diameters of d50=0.25, 0.32, 0.45, 0.62 and 0.80 mm. The experimental results obtained from this study compared with previous experimental work and found to be of the same magnitude as the experimental measurements and followed the expected basic trend

Antimicrobial activity and in vivo toxicity evaluation of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae) is commonly known as “fennel”, a small genus of annual, biennial or perennial herbs distributed in central Europe and the Mediterranean region. It is widely cultivated throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world for its aromatic fruits, which are used mainly as a culinary spice [1]. Fruits and essential oil of F. vulgare are used as flavoring agents in food products, in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. The essential oil is accredited with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, antidiabetic activities, among others [2].                In this present work, it was aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of the pharma grade F. vulgare essential oil. trans-Anethole (68.2%), fenchone (12.8%) and limonene (6.5%) were confirmed as the main constituents; the analysis was performed by GC/FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was tested against Escherichia coli NRRL B-3008, Bacillus cereus NRRL B3711, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 and Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556 by a broth microdilution assay [3]. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were found to be: 6.25, 6.25, 3.12 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively, suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was relatively low against the tested pathogens. In addition, lethal concentration (acute toxicity) was determined using the in vivo animal alternative Caenorhabditis elegans test [4]. Lethal concentration (LC50, 50% of killed nematodes) for the essential oil was determined to be <25 mg/mL

Antiprotozoal Activity of Turkish Origanum onites Essential Oil and Its Components

Essential oil of Origanum species is well known for antimicrobial activity, but only a few have been evaluated in narrow spectrum antiprotozoal assays. Herein, we assessed the antiprotozoal potential of Turkish Origanum onites L. oil and its major constituents against a panel of parasitic protozoa. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried herbal parts of O. onites and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro activity of the oil and its major components were evaluated against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. The main component of the oil was identified as carvacrol (70.6%), followed by linalool (9.7%), p-cymene (7%), γ-terpinene (2.1%), and thymol (1.8%). The oil showed significant in vitro activity against T. b. rhodesiense (IC50 180 ng/mL), and moderate antileishmanial and antiplasmodial effects, without toxicity to mammalian cells. Carvacrol, thymol, and 10 additional abundant oil constituents were tested against the same panel; carvacrol and thymol retained the oil's in vitro antiparasitic potency. In the T. b. brucei mouse model, thymol, but not carvacrol, extended the mean survival of animals. This study indicates the potential of the essential oil of O. onites and its constituents in the treatment of protozoal infections

Essential Oil of Betula pendula Roth. Buds

The essential oil of Betula pendula Roth. buds was obtained using both hydrodistillation and microdistillation techniques and their chemical compositions were analyzed using both gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, more than 50 compounds were identified representing 80% and 92% for hydrodistillation and microdistillation, respectively. The main components (by hydrodistillation and microdistillation, respectively) found were α-copaene (12% and 10%), germacrene D (11% and 18%) and δ-cadinene (11% and 15%) in the analyzed essential oils. The microdistillation technique proved to be a useful tool and compliant alternative when compared to hydrodistillation

Evaluation of Anticandidal Effects of Essential Oils of Commercial Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia Miller) in Combination With Ketoconazole Againts Some Candida Berkhout Strains

DergiPark: 590839trkjnatUçucuyağlarınstandart antifungal maddeler ile kombinasyonları, sentetik ilaçların olumsuzetkilerini azaltabilir ve kandidiyaz dahil olmak üzere çeşitli patolojilerekarşı alternatif bir yaklaşım olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Farmakope kalitesindeki Lavanta (Lavandula angustifolia Miller) uçucu yağlarının ketokonazol ilekombinasyonlarının patojen Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. krusei NRRL Y-7179 ve C. glabrata ATCC 66032 suşlarına karşıantikandidal  etkinliğini belirlemektir.İncelenen uçucu yağların kimyasal  içeriklerihem gaz kromatografisi/alev iyonlaşma dedektörü (GK / AİD) hem de gazkromatografisi/kütle spektrometresi (GK/KS) yöntemleriyle belirlenmiştir. Esansiyelyağlarınantikandidal aktiviteleri, mikrodilüsyon metodu ile in vitro olarak incelenmiştir. Lavanta uçucu yağları ve ketokonazolkombinasyon çalışmaları dama tahtası yöntemi kullanılarak test edilmiştir.  Lavanta uçucu yağları ile ketokonazolkombinasyon çalışması sonuçları, test edilen tüm Candida suşlarına karşı “aditif” ve “indiferent” etkili olduğugörülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, lavanta uçucu yağlarının ketokonazol kombinasyonuile gözlemlenen etkiler, patojenik Candida suşlarına karşı kullanımdaetkili olabilir.Application of combination studies with essential oils andstandard antifungal drugs may reduce adverse effects of synthetic drugs andserve as alternative approach against various pathologies includingcandidiasis. The aim of the present study was to determine the interactionof two commercial lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller) essential oils in combination with ketoconazoleagainst clinical and standard strains of the human pathogens Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C.krusei NRRL Y-7179 and C. glabrataATCC 66032. The chemical compositions of the investigated essential oils wereconfirmed both by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. Anticandidal activities ofthe essential oils were screened in vitroby the microdilution method. The resulting interaction of combining lavenderessential oils and ketoconazole was tested using the checkerboard method. Theresults showed that the interaction between essential oils and ketoconazolerevealed additive and indifferent effects against the tested strains. In conclusion, the effectsobserved by the combination of lavender essential oils and ketoconazole may beencouraging to be used against pathogenic Candidastrains

Ergenlerde Okul Tükenmişliği ve Okul Bağlılığı: Facebook Bağımlılığının Aracı ve Farklılaştırıcı Rolü

In this study, the mediating and moderating role of Facebook addiction in the relationship between school burnout, and school engagement was investigated. The study group comprised of 283 students continuing to 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades. The data were collected by School Burnout Inventory, School Engagement Scale and Facebook Addiction Scale. As a result of the correlation analysis, a significant positive correlation was found between school burnout and Facebook addiction. Also, school engagement was negatively related to school burnout and Facebook addiction. The structural equation model findings indicated that Facebook addiction had a partial mediating role between school burnout and school engagement. The results of the bootstrap analysis supported the significance of the partial mediating role. Besides, as a result of the regression analysis, it was found that Facebook addiction had a differentiating role in the relationship between burnout and school engagement. Research findings are discussed in light of the literature. It is recommended to carry out studies to prevent social media addiction and to enhance conscious technology use. These studies are considered to contribute to reduce school burnout of the students and increase their school engagement.Bu çalışmada Facebook bağımlılığının okul tükenmişliği ve okul bağlılığı arasındaki ilişkide aracı ve farklılaştırıcı rolü araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları 6., 7., 8. ve 9. sınıfta öğrenim gören 283 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler Okul Tükenmişliği Ölçeği, Facebook Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Okul Bağlılığı Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda okul tükenmişliği ve Facebook bağımlılığı arasında anlamlı düzeyde pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Okul bağlılığı ise okul tükenmişliği ve Facebook bağımlılığı ile anlamlı düzeyde negatif ilişkilidir. Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli sonuçları okul tükenmişliği ve okul bağlılığı arasındaki ilişkide Facebook bağımlılığının kısmi aracı rolü olduğunu göstermektedir. Bootstrap analizi sonuçları kısmi aracı rolün anlamlılığını desteklemektedir. Ayrıca regresyon analizi sonucunda okul tükenmişliği ve okul bağlılığı arasındaki ilişkide Facebook bağımlılığının farklılaştırıcı rolü olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar alanyazın eşliğinde tartışılmıştır. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı önlemeye ve teknolojinin bilinçli kullanımını geliştirmeye yönelik çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmaların öğrencilerin okul tükenmişliğinin azalmasına ve okula olan bağlılıklarının artmasına katkısı olabileceği düşünülmektedir