12 research outputs found
Organization of the process of teaching chemistry to foreign students of the preparatory department
Seasonal and inter-seasonal RSV activity in the European Region during the COVID-19 pandemic from autumn 2020 to summer 2022
Β© 2023 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Background: The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in early 2020 and subsequent implementation of public health and social measures (PHSM) disrupted the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. This work describes the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) observed during two winter seasons (weeks 40β20) and inter-seasonal periods (weeks 21β39) during the pandemic between October 2020 and September 2022. Methods: Using data submitted to The European Surveillance System (TESSy) by countries or territories in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region between weeks 40/2020 and 39/2022, we aggregated country-specific weekly RSV counts of sentinel, non-sentinel and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) surveillance specimens and calculated percentage positivity. Results for both 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons and inter-seasons were compared with pre-pandemic 2016/17 to 2019/20 seasons and inter-seasons. Results: Although more specimens were tested than in pre-COVID-19 pandemic seasons, very few RSV detections were reported during the 2020/21 season in all surveillance systems. During the 2021 inter-season, a gradual increase in detections was observed in all systems. In 2021/22, all systems saw early peaks of RSV infection, and during the 2022 inter-seasonal period, patterns of detections were closer to those seen before the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: RSV surveillance continued throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, with an initial reduction in transmission, followed by very high and out-of-season RSV circulation (summer 2021) and then an early start of the 2021/22 season. As of the 2022/23 season, RSV circulation had not yet normalised.Peer reviewe
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Technological greases based on polyphosphates of alkali metals have great prospects for application at high-temperature machining of steel. An important task is to study the anti-corrosive effect of polyphosphates on steel at elevated temperatures. Temperature ranges, in which phase transformations of metaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate, as well as interaction with iron oxide, occur, were established using a thermogravimetric method. Composition of products of interaction between metaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate and scale is determined employing an X-ray phase analysis. It was established that in the region of temperatures of hot steel deformation the iron oxides, contained in scale, are dissolved in molten metaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate. As a result of interaction between sodium metaphosphate and iron oxide, the mixed polyphosphates Na3Fe2(PO4)3 and Na9Fe2(P3O10)3 are formed. It is shown that sodium tripolyphosphate almost does not participate in the interaction with the iron oxide of scale. Comparison of the results of corrosion test of the steel surface, treated in the presence of a polyphosphate lubrication and sodium chloride, testifies to the high anti-corrosive effect of polyphosphates. Thus, the time before the emergence of first signs of corrosion in the presence of polyphosphates increased fourfold, while the degree of corrosion damage was reduced by 40 times. It was established that at the deformation treatment of steel at a temperature of 800 Β°C in the presence of a polyphosphate lubricant, corrosion resistance is due to the formation of a barrier film at the steel surface, consisting of mixed polymer phosphates.Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 9 Π² Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π· ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π° Π· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ². ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ² Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ. Π¦Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΡ Π·ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ° Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎ 9 Π² Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ
Silicon carbide is characterized by a wide range of beneficial electrophysical, anti-corrosion, and strength properties. A promising raw material for the synthesis of silicon carbide is the waste of rice production, which includes compounds of silicon and carbon-containing organic substances. The cheapness and availability of such raw materials necessitate the development of technologies to obtain silicon carbide from it. An important direction in silicon carbide synthesis technology is to obtain a high purity product. To remove impurities from rice husks, it is necessary to carry out its pre-extraction treatment. It has been established that the extraction treatment of rice husks with acid solution makes it possible to clean the raw materials from metal compounds and the excess amount of carbon-containing components. To remove impurities of metal compounds and the excess amount of carbon-containing compounds from rice husks, it has been proposed to perform the extraction with an aqueous solution of the mixture of 10Β % sulfur and 15Β % acetic acids. We have derived the time dependences of the degree of extraction of cellulose from rice husks. Two temporal sections of the process have been identified. It is shown that the extraction of cellulose from rice husks obeys a pseudo first-order reaction. We have calculated the constants of speed and activation energy in the course of extraction for the two time sections of the process. The activation energy of extraction over a first period is 10.75Β kJ/mol; over a second period, the activation energy value is 26.10Β kJ/mol. It has been established that an increase in the extraction temperature from 20 to 100Β Β°C leads to a two-fold improvement in the process efficiency. It is shown that silicon carbide, synthesized from rice husk after its extraction treatment, is a pure crystalline material whose particlesβ size is from 1 to 20Β micrometersΠΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ 10Β % ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ 15Β % ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 10,75Β ΠΊΠΠΆ/ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Β Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 26,10Β ΠΊΠΠΆ/ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 100Β Β°Π‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 20 ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π‘ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°, Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ 10Β % ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° 15Β % ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ 10,75Β ΠΊΠΠΆ/ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ 26,10Β ΠΊΠΠΆ/ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 100Β Β°Π‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΄ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 20Β ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ
Silicon carbide is characterized by a wide range of beneficial electrophysical, anti-corrosion, and strength properties. A promising raw material for the synthesis of silicon carbide is the waste of rice production, which includes compounds of silicon and carbon-containing organic substances. The cheapness and availability of such raw materials necessitate the development of technologies to obtain silicon carbide from it. An important direction in silicon carbide synthesis technology is to obtain a high purity product. To remove impurities from rice husks, it is necessary to carry out its pre-extraction treatment. It has been established that the extraction treatment of rice husks with acid solution makes it possible to clean the raw materials from metal compounds and the excess amount of carbon-containing components. To remove impurities of metal compounds and the excess amount of carbon-containing compounds from rice husks, it has been proposed to perform the extraction with an aqueous solution of the mixture of 10Β % sulfur and 15Β % acetic acids. We have derived the time dependences of the degree of extraction of cellulose from rice husks. Two temporal sections of the process have been identified. It is shown that the extraction of cellulose from rice husks obeys a pseudo first-order reaction. We have calculated the constants of speed and activation energy in the course of extraction for the two time sections of the process. The activation energy of extraction over a first period is 10.75Β kJ/mol; over a second period, the activation energy value is 26.10Β kJ/mol. It has been established that an increase in the extraction temperature from 20 to 100Β Β°C leads to a two-fold improvement in the process efficiency. It is shown that silicon carbide, synthesized from rice husk after its extraction treatment, is a pure crystalline material whose particlesβ size is from 1 to 20Β micrometersΠΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ 10Β % ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ 15Β % ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 10,75Β ΠΊΠΠΆ/ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Β Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 26,10Β ΠΊΠΠΆ/ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 100Β Β°Π‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 20 ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π‘ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°, Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ 10Β % ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° 15Β % ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ 10,75Β ΠΊΠΠΆ/ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ 26,10Β ΠΊΠΠΆ/ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 100Β Β°Π‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΡΠ΄, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΄ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 20Β ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ
Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² CuβTiO2
Electrodeposition of composite coatings based on copper is a promising direction in the creation of advanced materials for multifunctional purposes. An important area of composites application is to use them in the treatment systems for gas emissions and wastewater. It is advisable to use semiconductor oxide materials, in particular titanium dioxide, as the photocatalysts in the photo destruction of organic pollutants of wastewater. The structural features of wastewater treatment equipment require that titanium dioxide particles should be fixed in a rigid matrix. Resolving the task of fixing photosensitive elements at the surface of a certain configuration implies the electrodeposition of coatings by composites, in particular CuβTiO2. An important factor affecting the functional characteristics of composites and their manufacturing technology is the nature of the electrolyte. It has been shown that the electrodeposition of CuβTiO2 composites from methane-sulfonate electrolytes makes it possible to reduce the coagulation of the dispersed phase and to obtain coatings with a high content of titanium dioxide from a suspension solution containing no more than 4Β g/l of TiO2. It was established that the content of the dispersed phase in the composite made at a current density of 2Β A/dm2 and the concentration of titanium dioxide in the electrolyte at the level of 4Β g/l is 1.3Β % by weight, which is twice as much as when using a sulfate electrolyte. It has been shown that the increase in the content of the dispersed phase in the coatings from 0.1 to 1.3Β % by weight is accompanied by an increase in the degree of photo destruction of the colorant from 6 to 15.5Β %. The micro-hardness of coatings increases, in this case, by 30Β %. The proposed electrolyte to make the CuβTiO2 composites is an important contribution to the development of the synthesis of wear-resistant high-performance photocatalysts for treating wastewater from organic pollutantsΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅. Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ CuβTiO2. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² CuβTiO2 ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 4 Π³/Π» TiO2. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° 2 Π/Π΄ΠΌ2 ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 4 Π³/Π», ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 1,3 ΠΌΠ°Ρ. %, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ
Ρ 0,1 Π΄ΠΎ 1,3 ΠΌΠ°Ρ. % ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ 6 Π΄ΠΎ 15,5 %. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° 30%. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² CuβTiO2 ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄. Π ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π½Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π· ΡΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° CuβTiO2. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² CuβTiO2 ΡΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ· ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ 4 Π³/Π» TiO2. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ 2 Π/Π΄ΠΌ2 Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π² Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ 4 Π³/Π», ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ 1,3 ΠΌΠ°Ρ.%, ΡΠΎ Π²Π΄Π²ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
Π· 0,1 Π΄ΠΎ 1,3 ΠΌΠ°Ρ.% ΡΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π· 6 Π΄ΠΎ 15,5 Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ². ΠΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ² Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π° 30 %. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² CuβTiO2 Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ£Π¨ΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ£
The study addresses the problem of using recycled materials for the production of a wide range of diverse products; in this context, the paper investigates the extractin of amorphous silicon (IV) dioxide from rice waste, i.e. rice husk, which differs in its chemical composition from all other cereal crops by a high content of silicon dioxide. Amorphous siliconΒ (IV) oxide is widely used in electronics, medicine, food industry, cosmetology, paintwork materials manufacturing, and other industries. Amorphous silicon(IV) oxide has to meet various requirements, the main ones being amorphous structure, degree of purification, and particle size. A derivatographic method of analysis is used to study the non-isothermal kinetics of rice husk residue thermal decomposition. According to the results of derivatographic, chemical, and phase analyzes, a method for amorphous siliconΒ (IV) oxide extraction by thermal decomposition of rice husk after the lignin removal has been proposed. The values of relative activation energies and the pre-exponential factors of the reactions have been calculated. A mathematical model characterized by a system consisting of three first order differential equations and four algebraic equations has been designed. Through the use of the proposed model, the time response characteristics of the process have been studied.Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° β ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π·Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π»Π³Π΅Π±ΡΠ°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
. Π‘ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.Π£ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ², ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ (IV) ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π· Π²ΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π° β ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ. ΠΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ (IV) ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π² Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Ρ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠ±, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄'ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΠ² Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ (IV) ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π»ΡΠ³Π½ΡΠ½Ρ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π· ΡΡΡΠΎΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
Π°Π»Π³Π΅Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
. Π ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ
Nickel coatings are widely used in machine-building, electronics, automotive and aerospace industries. High requirements for environmental safety and operational performance of contemporary processes of electrochemical nickel plating predetermine the search for the new electrolytes. Electrolytes based on carboxylic acids are characterized by high buffer properties, ecological safety, and enhanced values of limiting current. Heuristic approach when fabricating comprehensive electrolytes, based on empirical data, does not make it possible to conduct predictable optimization of the formulations of nickel plating electrolytes. Solving this problem seems possible when using a quantum-chemical simulation. In this work, we performed quantum-chemical calculations for the propionate and acrylate complexes of nickel. It was established that coordination numbers of the propionate and acrylate complexes of nickel are equal to five and six, respectively. It is shown that electroreduction of the propionate nickel complex proceeds with the formation of an intermediate particle. The negative charge of this particle is localized on the intrasphere molecules of water. This may lead to the electroreduction of the latter and to an increase in the pH of a near-electrode layer. In the intermediate particle of the acrylate complex, localization of the charge occurs on the vinyl fragment of acrylate-ion. Electrochemical reaction of reduction of the coordinated water molecules in such a particle is not energetically favorable. It was established that the isolation of nickel from the acrylate complex proceeds with lower kinetic difficulties than from the propionate complex. An assumption was made that fewer insoluble hydroxide nickel compounds, which block the cathode surface, form in the acrylate electrolyte.Such an assumption is based on the fact that given close buffer properties of acids, electroreduction of the acrylate complexes does not imply the involvement of coordinated water molecules in the electrode process. The results obtained are very valuable for selecting the nature of carboxylic acid as a component for the complex nickel plating electrolyteΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π°. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π½Π°. ΠΠ»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ Π· Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΡΠΆ Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³
Studying the Kinetics of Extraction Treatment of Rice Husk When Obtaining Silicon Carbide
Silicon carbide is characterized by a wide range of beneficial electrophysical, anti-corrosion, and strength properties. A promising raw material for the synthesis of silicon carbide is the waste of rice production, which includes compounds of silicon and carbon-containing organic substances. The cheapness and availability of such raw materials necessitate the development of technologies to obtain silicon carbide from it. An important direction in silicon carbide synthesis technology is to obtain a high purity product. To remove impurities from rice husks, it is necessary to carry out its pre-extraction treatment. It has been established that the extraction treatment of rice husks with acid solution makes it possible to clean the raw materials from metal compounds and the excess amount of carbon-containing components. To remove impurities of metal compounds and the excess amount of carbon-containing compounds from rice husks, it has been proposed to perform the extraction with an aqueous solution of the mixture of 10 % sulfur and 15 % acetic acids. We have derived the time dependences of the degree of extraction of cellulose from rice husks. Two temporal sections of the process have been identified. It is shown that the extraction of cellulose from rice husks obeys a pseudo first-order reaction. We have calculated the constants of speed and activation energy in the course of extraction for the two time sections of the process. The activation energy of extraction over a first period is 10.75 kJ/mol; over a second period, the activation energy value is 26.10 kJ/mol. It has been established that an increase in the extraction temperature from 20 to 100 Β°C leads to a two-fold improvement in the process efficiency. It is shown that silicon carbide, synthesized from rice husk after its extraction treatment, is a pure crystalline material whose particles' size is from 1 to 20 micrometer
Development of A New Suspension Electrolyte Based on Methane-sulphonic Acid for the Electrodeposition of CuβTiO2 Composites
Electrodeposition of composite coatings based on copper is a promising direction in the creation of advanced materials for multifunctional purposes. An important area of composites application is to use them in the treatment systems for gas emissions and wastewater. It is advisable to use semiconductor oxide materials, in particular titanium dioxide, as the photocatalysts in the photo destruction of organic pollutants of wastewater. The structural features of wastewater treatment equipment require that titanium dioxide particles should be fixed in a rigid matrix. Resolving the task of fixing photosensitive elements at the surface of a certain configuration implies the electrodeposition of coatings by composites, in particular CuβTiO2. An important factor affecting the functional characteristics of composites and their manufacturing technology is the nature of the electrolyte. It has been shown that the electrodeposition of CuβTiO2 composites from methane-sulfonate electrolytes makes it possible to reduce the coagulation of the dispersed phase and to obtain coatings with a high content of titanium dioxide from a suspension solution containing no more than 4 g/l of TiO2. It was established that the content of the dispersed phase in the composite made at a current density of 2 A/dm2 and the concentration of titanium dioxide in the electrolyte at the level of 4 g/l is 1.3 % by weight, which is twice as much as when using a sulfate electrolyte. It has been shown that the increase in the content of the dispersed phase in the coatings from 0.1 to 1.3 % by weight is accompanied by an increase in the degree of photo destruction of the colorant from 6 to 15.5 %. The micro-hardness of coatings increases, in this case, by 30 %. The proposed electrolyte to make the CuβTiO2 composites is an important contribution to the development of the synthesis of wear-resistant high-performance photocatalysts for treating wastewater from organic pollutant