Reconciling the interests of the economic diversification participants in a single-industry town

Рассматриваются проблемы согласования интересов участников процесса диверсификации экономики моногорода в процессе управления развитием моногорода на основе реализации стратегии диверсификации. Целью исследования является разработка инструментов гармонизации интересов участников процесса диверсификации экономики моногорода на основе разработки модели полного согласования интересов и сопоставления ее с моделью отдельно взятого моногорода. Методы исследования: системный подход, анализ и синтез, построение множеств согласования интересов с применением диаграммы Эйлера-Венна, методы комбинаторики, построение экономических показателей и рядов динамики, графический метод представления результатов и построения иерархии согласования интересов. Результаты исследования. Представлена модель полного согласования интересов различных групп лиц, в которой отражены сферы возможного пересечения интересов, а также иерархия числа согласуемых интересов. Предложены основные группы участников процесса диверсификации моногорода, а также разграничено понятие участника и роли (функции) участника в данном процессе. Обосновано и определено число множеств в зависимости от числа участников, чьи интересы одновременно согласуются, на примере моногорода Калтан Кемеровской области. На основе предложенной модели построена модель согласования интересов на примере моногорода Калтана. Полученная модель имеет трапециевидную форму, что свидетельствует о достаточно небольшом числе общих согласуемых интересов. Автор приходит к выводу, что в моногороде сформирован треугольник интересов «администрация города - малый бизнес в роли инвестора - вуз», представляющий основу в иерархии согласования интересов моногорода Калтан. Центральное положение при согласовании интересов с прочими участниками занимает исключительно администрация города. На основе данных выводов внесены предложения по направлениям дальнейшего согласования интересов на примере рассматриваемого моногорода.The article explores the problems of reconciling the interests of single-industry towns, a need that arises from the entire process of industry development management through a diversification strategy. The aim of this study is to develop tools to harmonize the interests of the single-industry towns, based on a model of full harmonization with the model of an individual single-industry town. Methods of the research: system approach, analysis and synthesis, building a set of harmonized interests with the application of the Eulerian-Venn diagram, combinatorics methods, construction of economic indicators and series of dynamics, graphical method of presentation of results and building the hierarchy of interests. Results of the study. The paper introduces the model for fully reconciling the interests of different groups of persons, reflecting the areas of possible intersecting interests and the hierarchy of the number of interests involved. The article proposes the main groups of participants in the diversification process and the differentially concept of participant and the role (function) of the participant in the diversification process. The author justifies and estimates the number of sets depending on the number of participants whose interests are concurrently reconciled in Kaltan case study. The proposed model is used for Kaltan, Kemerovo region case study. The result ing model is of a trapezoidal form, which indicates that there are quite a few common consenting interests. The author concludes that a triangle of interests «city administration - small business as investor - university» is formed. This triangle represents the highest level of harmonization of interests in the hierarchy. The city administration is in central position in reconciling interests with other participants. By the example of the considered single-industry town and based on these findings the suggestion on further harmonization of interests was made

Millimeter-Wave Spectra, ab Initio Calculations, and Structures of Fluorophosphane and Chlorophosphane

The structures of fluorophosphane, PH2F, and chlorophosphane, PH2Cl, have been calculated ab initio at the SCF, MP2, CCSD, and CCSD(T) levels using a quadruple ζ polarized basis set. Equilibrium and ground state rotational constants as well as centrifugal distortion constants have been predicted for several isotopomers of PH2F and PH2Cl. Theoretical CCSD(T) geometries were also determined for the series of PHnX3-n (X = F, Cl; n = 0−3) molecules using a triple ζ polarized basis set. The millimeter-wave spectra of the short-lived molecules PH2F, PH2Cl, and their perdeuterated species were measured in the frequency range 100−470 GHz. For PH2F and PH2Cl, accurate ground state parameters have been obtained by a combined fit of the millimeter-wave data and the infrared ground state combination differences. The ro, rz, and re structures of PH2F and PH2Cl, as well as PH3, PCl3, and PHF2 have been determined. The experimental results are found in excellent agreement with their ab initio predictions

Correct evaluation of Social Policy

The problem surrounding Social Policy in Russia is due to internal and external factors. The aauthors analyse the challenges of effective social policy evaluation with different analytical materials by first given the definition of effectiveness with the aid of formula, then describe the types of social policy presented by Esping-Andersen and Abrahamson. The authors also analyze three main factors (inflation rate of oil, the rate of dollars against rubles and the pulling out of foreign investors) that lead to crises in Russia. In conclusion, the authors decide that the insufficient effectiveness of Russia's social policy is primarily associated with tight budget constraints due to the crisis

Global assignment and extension of millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectral database of 13C1-methyl formate (H13COOCH3) in the ground and first excited states

A compilation of the available spectroscopic millimeter- and submillimeter-wave data of the ground and first excited states of C-13(1)-methyl formate ((HCOOCH3)-C-13) has been carried out. The exhaustive analysis of the available transition lines of (HCOOCH3)-C-13 has led to the assignment of 7457 spectral lines by means of a global fit of 45 parameters, using the Rho-Axis Method and the BELGI-Cs code, with a resulting unitless standard deviation of 0.57. Over 1600 lines are included for the first time in the fit. In addition, the line strengths of spectral lines are also calculated using the most recent experimental measurement of the electric dipole moment. In conclusion, the present study represents a notable improvement with respect to previous (HCOOCH3)-C-13 spectral analyses. Therefore, the better accuracy of the present analysis may help the future identification of new (HCOOCH3)-C-13 lines in the interstellar and circumstellar media, and may contribute to decrease some of the spectral confusion due to these species in astronomical surveys

Rotational spectra of isotopic species of methyl cyanide, CH3_3CN, in their ground vibrational states up to terahertz frequencies

Methyl cyanide is an important trace molecule in star-forming regions. It is one of the more common molecules used to derive kinetic temperatures in such sources. As preparatory work for Herschel, SOFIA, and in particular ALMA we want to improve the rest frequencies of the main as well as minor isotopologs of methyl cyanide. The laboratory rotational spectrum of methyl cyanide in natural isotopic composition has been recorded up to 1.63 THz. Transitions with good signal-to-noise ratio could be identified for CH$_3$CN, $^{13}$CH$_3$CN, CH$_3^{13}$CN, CH$_3$C$^{15}$N, CH$_2$DCN, and $^{13}$CH$_3^{13}$CN in their ground vibrational states up to about 1.2 THz. The main isotopic species could be identified even in the highest frequency spectral recordings around 1.6 THz. The highest $J'$ quantum numbers included in the fit are 64 for $^{13}$CH$_3^{13}$CN and 89 for the main isotopic species. Greatly improved spectroscopic parameters have been obtained by fitting the present data together with previously reported transition frequencies. The present data will be helpful to identify isotopologs of methyl cyanide in the higher frequency bands of instruments such as the recently launched Herschel satellite, the upcoming airplane mission SOFIA or the radio telescope array ALMA.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, article appeared; CDMS links update

Lyophilisation of influenza, rabies and Marburg lentiviral pseudotype viruses for the development and distribution of a neutralisation-assay based diagnostic kit

Pseudotype viruses (PVs) are chimeric, replication-deficient virions that mimic wild-type virus entry mechanisms and can be safely employed in neutralisation assays, bypassing the need for high biosafety requirements and performing comparably to established serological assays. However, PV supernatant necessitates -80°C long-term storage and cold-chain maintenance during transport, which limits the scope of dissemination and application throughout resource-limited laboratories. We therefore investigated the effects of lyophilisation on influenza, rabies and Marburg PV stability, with a view to developing a pseudotype virus neutralisation assay (PVNA) based kit suitable for affordable global distribution. Infectivity of each PV was calculated after lyophilisation and immediate reconstitution, as well as subsequent to incubation of freeze-dried pellets at varying temperatures, humidities and timepoints. Integrity of glycoprotein structure following treatment was also assessed by employing lyophilised PVs in downstream PVNAs. In the presence of 0.5M sucrose-PBS cryoprotectant, each freeze-dried pseudotype was stably stored for 4 weeks at up to 37°C and could be neutralised to the same potency as unlyophilised PVs when employed in PVNAs. These results confirm the viability of a freeze-dried PVNA-based kit, which could significantly facilitate low-cost serology for a wide portfolio of emerging infectious viruses

CD20 and CD19 targeted vectors induce minimal activation of resting B lymphocytes

B lymphocytes are an important cell population of the immune system. However, until recently it was not possible to transduce resting B lymphocytes with retro- or lentiviral vectors, making them unsusceptible for genetic manipulations by these vectors. Lately, we demonstrated that lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with modified measles virus (MV) glycoproteins hemagglutinin, responsible for receptor recognition, and fusion protein were able to overcome this transduction block. They use either the natural MV receptors, CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), for cell entry (MV-LV) or the vector particles were further modified to selectively enter via the CD20 molecule, which is exclusively expressed on B lymphocytes (CD20-LV). It has been shown previously that transduction by MV-LV does not induce B lymphocyte activation. However, if this is also true for CD20-LV is still unknown. Here, we generated a vector specific for another B lymphocyte marker, CD19, and compared its ability to transduce resting B lymphocytes with CD20-LV. The vector (CD19ds-LV) was able to stably transduce unstimulated B lymphocytes, albeit with a reduced efficiency of about 10% compared to CD20-LV, which transduced about 30% of the cells. Since CD20 as well as CD19 are closely linked to the B lymphocyte activation pathway, we investigated if engagement of CD20 or CD19 molecules by the vector particles induces activating stimuli in resting B lymphocytes. Although, activation of B lymphocytes often involves calcium influx, we did not detect elevated calcium levels. However, the activation marker CD71 was substantially up-regulated upon CD20-LV transduction and most importantly, B lymphocytes transduced with CD20-LV or CD19ds-LV entered the G1b phase of cell cycle, whereas untransduced or MV-LV transduced B lymphocytes remained in G0. Hence, CD20 and CD19 targeting vectors induce activating stimuli in resting B lymphocytes, which most likely renders them susceptible for lentiviral vector transduction

Erythropoietin (EPO) increases myelin gene expression in CG4 oligodendrocyte cells through the classical EPO receptor

Erythropoietin (EPO) has protective effects in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, including in animal models of multiple sclerosis, where EPO decreases disease severity. EPO also promotes neurogenesis and is protective in models of toxic demyelination. In this study, we asked whether EPO could promote neurorepair by also inducing remyelination. In addition, we investigated whether the effect of EPO could be mediated by the classical erythropoietic EPO receptor (EPOR), since it is still questioned if EPOR is functional in non-hematopoietic cells. Using CG4 cells, a line of rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells, we found that EPO increases the expression of myelin genes (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and myelin basic protein (MBP)). EPO had no effect in wild-type CG4 cells, which do not express EPOR, whereas it increased MOG and MBP expression in cells engineered to overexpress EPOR (CG4-EPOR). This was reflected in a marked increase in MOG protein levels, as detected by western blot. In these cells, EPO induced by 10-fold the early growth response gene 2 (Egr2), which is required for peripheral myelination. However, Egr2 silencing with a siRNA did not reverse the effect of EPO, indicating that EPO acts through other pathways. In conclusion, EPO induces the expression of myelin genes in oligodendrocytes and this effect requires the presence of EPOR. This study demonstrates that EPOR can mediate neuroreparative effects

Rotational spectrum and tentative detection of DCOOCH3–Methyl formate in Orion

New centimeter-wave (7–80 GHz) and submillimeter-wave (580–661 GHz) spectra of a deuterated species of methyl formate (DCOOCH3) have been measured. Transitions with a maximum value of J = 64 and K = 36 have been assigned and fitted together with previous measurements. The internal rotation of this compound was treated using the so-called rho axis method. A total of 1703 transitions were fitted using this method. Only 24 parameters were employed in the final fit, which has an rms deviation of 94.2 kHz. The dipole moment and the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of the deuterated specie have also been obtained. This new study has permitted a tentative detection of DCOOCH3 in Orion with the IRAM 30 m telescope based on the observation of more than 100 spectral features with low blending effects among the 400 lines expected in the observed frequency domain (for which over 300 are heavily blended with other species). These 100 transitions are above noise and confusion limited without heavy blending and cannot be assigned to any other species. Moreover, none of the strongest unblended transitions is missing. The derived source-averaged total column density for DCOOCH3 is 7.8 × 1014 cm−2 and theDCOOCH3/HCOOCH3 column density ratio varies between 0.02 and 0.06 in the different cloud components of Orion. This value is consistent with the deuteration enhancement found for other species in this cloud