41 research outputs found
Characterization of two candidate genes, NCoA3 and IRF8, potentially involved in the control of HIV-1 latency
BACKGROUND: The persistence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs is the principal barrier preventing the eradication of HIV-1 infection in patients by current antiretroviral therapy. It is thus crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment, maintenance and reactivation of HIV-1 latency. Since chromatin remodeling has been implicated in the transcriptional reactivation of the HIV-1 promoter, we assessed the role of the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) on two HIV-1 latently infected cell lines (U1 and ACH-2) gene expression. RESULTS: Analysis of microarrays data led us to select two candidate genes: NCoA3 (Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3), a nuclear receptor coactivator and IRF8 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 8), an interferon regulatory factor. NCoA3 gene expression is upregulated following NaB treatment of latently infected cells whereas IRF8 gene expression is strongly downregulated in the promonocytic cell line following NaB treatment. Their differential expressions were confirmed at the transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, NCoA3 gene expression was also upregulated after treatment of U1 and ACH-2 cells with phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA) but not trichostatin A (TSA) and after treatment with NaB of two others HIV-1 latently infected cell lines (OM10.1 and J1.1). IRF8 gene is only expressed in U1 cells and was also downregulated after treatment with PMA or TSA. Functional analyses confirmed that NCoA3 synergizes with Tat to enhance HIV-1 promoter transcription and that IRF8 represses the IRF1-mediated activation through the HIV-1 promoter Interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). CONCLUSION: These results led us to postulate that NCoA3 could be involved in the transcriptional reactivation of the HIV-1 promoter from latency and that IRF8 may contribute to the maintenance of the latent state in the promonocytic cell line. Implication of these factors in the maintenance or reactivation of the viral latency may provide potential new targets to control HIV-1 replication in latent viral reservoirs
Nouvelles donnĂ©es sur lâagglomĂ©ration antique dâ<i>Epomanduodurum</i> (Mandeure et Mathay, Doubs)
International audienceDem antiken Mandeure-Mathay (Epomanduodurum), dem aufgrund seiner GröĂe und seiner bedeutenden Monumentalbauten im Sequanerland der zweite Platz nach dem Civitas-Hauptort Besançon zukommt, ist seit 2001 ein pluridisziplinĂ€res Forschungsprojekt gewidmet. Im AnschluĂ an einen im Jahrgang 2007 dieser Zeitschrift vorgelegten Beitrag berichtet das vorliegende Dossier ĂŒber die Forschungen der Jahre 2005 bis 2011. Parallel zur WeiterfĂŒhrung und Vertiefung der im Bereich der Kult- und Monumentalbauten begonnenen Arbeiten, trieb das Forschungsteam wĂ€hrend dieses zweiten Projektabschnittes verschiedene Studien zur gesamten antiken Stadtanlage und der sie umgebenden Mikroregion voran. Diese Untersuchungen liefern neue Einsichten zur Entstehung, Entwicklung und zum Niedergang von Epomanduodurum und tragen zu einem vertieften VerstĂ€ndnis der Gestalt dieser Stadt und ihrer religiösen, ökonomischen und sozialen Organisation im Zeitraum vom Ende der Eisenzeit bis zum FrĂŒhmittelalter bei.A collective research program is studying since 2001 the ancient agglomeration of Mandeure-Mathay (Epomanduodurum), considered as second one after the chief town Besançon, in the Sequani territory, by its size and its impressive monumental buildings. This article, following a previous paper published in Gallia in 2007, draws up a report of the researches completed between 2005 and 2011. In this second stage, alongside the ongoing in-depth investigations on cult and monumental area, the PCR (Collective Program Research) team intensified its different studies and researches on the ancient agglomeration and its microregional environment. These studies lead to a better understanding of the appearance, development and decline of Epomanduodurum ; a better knowledge of its morphology, and its religious, economic and social organization between the end of the Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages.LâagglomĂ©ration antique de Mandeure-Mathay (Epomanduodurum), considĂ©rĂ©e comme la seconde du pays sĂ©quane par ses dimensions et lâampleur de sa parure monumentale, derriĂšre la capitale de citĂ©, Besançon, fait lâobjet dâun programme collectif de recherche (PCR), pluridisciplinaire, depuis 2001. Le prĂ©sent dossier, qui fait suite Ă un prĂ©cĂ©dent article paru dans Gallia en 2007, dresse un bilan des recherches rĂ©alisĂ©es entre 2005 et 2011. Dans cette seconde Ă©tape, parallĂšlement Ă la poursuite et Ă lâapprofondissement des actions engagĂ©es sur le secteur cultuel et monumental, lâĂ©quipe du PCR a accentuĂ© les Ă©tudes et investigations de diverses natures portant sur lâensemble de lâagglomĂ©ration antique et sur lâespace microrĂ©gional dans lequel celle-ci sâinsĂšre. Ces recherches aboutissent Ă une meilleure comprĂ©hension des modalitĂ©s dâĂ©mergence, de dĂ©veloppement et de dĂ©clin de la ville dâEpomanduodurum, et Ă une connaissance plus approfondie de sa morphologie et de son organisation religieuse, Ă©conomique et sociale, entre la fin de lâĂąge du Fer et le haut Moyen Ăge
Early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis not responding to medical treatment: a prospective controlled study
peer reviewedBackground: Early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis is an emerging treatment option. We aimed to assess the risk of alcohol relapse 2 years after early liver transplantation for alcohol-related hepatitis compared with liver transplantation for alcohol-related cirrhosis after at least 6 months of abstinence. Methods: We conducted a multicentre, non-randomised, non-inferiority, controlled study in 19 French and Belgian hospitals. All participants were aged 18 years or older. There were three groups of patients recruited prospectively: patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis who did not respond to medical treatment and were eligible for early liver transplantation according to a new selection scoring system based on social and addiction items that can be quantified in points (early transplantation group); patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation after at least 6 months of abstinence (standard transplantation group); patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis not responding to medical treatment not eligible for early liver transplantation according to the selection score (not eligible for early transplantation group), this group did not enter any further liver transplantation processes. We also defined a historical control group of patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis unresponsive to medical therapy and non-transplanted. The primary outcome was the non-inferiority of 2-year rate of alcohol relapse after transplantation in the early transplantation group compared with the standard transplantation group using the alcohol timeline follow back (TLFB) method and a prespecified non-inferiority margin of 10%. Secondary outcomes were the pattern of alcohol relapse, 2-year survival rate post-transplant in the early transplantation group compared with the standard transplantation group, and 2-year overall survival in the early transplantation group compared with patients in the not eligible for early transplantation group and historical controls. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01756794. Findings: Between Dec 5, 2012, and June 30, 2016, we included 149 patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis: 102 in the early transplantation group and 47 in the not eligible for early transplantation group. 129 patients were included in the standard transplantation group. 68 patients in the early transplantation group and 93 patients in the standard transplantation group received a liver transplant. 23 (34%) patients relapsed in the early transplantation group, and 23 (25%) patients relapsed in the standard transplantation group; therefore, the non-inferiority of early transplantation versus standard transplantation was not demonstrated (absolute difference 9·1% [95% CI ââ to 21·1]; p=0·45). The 2-year rate of high alcohol intake was greater in the early transplantation group than the standard transplantation group (absolute difference 16·7% [95% CI 5·8â27·6]) The time spent drinking alcohol was not different between the two groups (standardised difference 0·24 [95% CI â0·07 to 0·55]), but the time spent drinking a large quantity of alcohol was higher in the early transplantation group than the standard transplantation group (standardised difference 0·50 [95% CI 0·17â0·82]). 2-year post-transplant survival was similar between the early transplantation group and the standard transplantation group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·87 [95% CI 0·33â2·26]); 2-year overall survival was higher in the early transplantation group than the not eligible for early transplantation group and historical controls (HR 0·27 [95% CI 0·16â0·47] and 0·21 [0·13â0·32]). Interpretation: We cannot conclude non-inferiority in terms of rate of alcohol relapse post-transplant between early liver transplantation and standard transplantation. High alcohol intake is more frequent after early liver transplantation. This prospective controlled study confirms the important survival benefit related to early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis; and this study provides objective data on survival and alcohol relapse to tailor the management of patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis. Funding: The present study has been granted by the French Ministry of HealthâProgramme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique 2010
Grecs et indigĂšnes de la Catalogne Ă la mer Noire
Le programme de travail qui aboutit Ă ce livre sâinscrit dans le cadre du rĂ©seau dâexcellence europĂ©en Ramses2, initiĂ© par la Maison mĂ©diterranĂ©enne des sciences de lâhomme. Une demi-douzaine de tables rondes ont rĂ©uni entre 2006 et 2008, dâun bout Ă lâautre de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e (Ă EmpĂșries, Aix-en-Provence, Palerme, Naples, AthĂšnes), quelque soixante-dix chercheurs essentiellement français, italiens et espagnols, mais aussi anglais, grecs, bulgares, roumains, canadiens et russes. Il sâagissait dâĂ©tudier les rapports dâacculturation entre colons grecs et populations indigĂšnes, en tenant compte des diffĂ©rences gĂ©ographiques et chronologiques mais aussi de lâhistoriographie et des habitudes de recherche des diverses institutions. Les nombreuses communications qui ont jalonnĂ© les six tables rondes sont ici la plupart du temps prĂ©cĂ©dĂ©es de textes introductifs. Une premiĂšre partie, consacrĂ©e aux approches rĂ©gionales, permet dâillustrer lâĂ©tat de la recherche dans quelques rĂ©gions choisies (autour dâEmpuries, dâHimĂšre, de Marseille, de VĂ©lia, en Thrace et en mer Noire). La seconde partie, thĂ©matique, aborde un certain nombre de thĂšmes de recherche dans les rĂ©gions prĂ©cĂ©dentes, mais aussi dans dâautres rĂ©gions du monde de la colonisation grecque. Le point de vue adoptĂ© dans ce livre est dâabord celui de la culture matĂ©rielle ; lâapproche en est essentiellement archĂ©ologique. On se demandera par exemple quels sont les indices archĂ©ologiques qui permettent de dire si un site est habitĂ© par des Grecs, par des indigĂšnes ou par une population âmixteâ, et comment ces indices ont Ă©tĂ© apprĂ©ciĂ©s selon les pĂ©riodes et selon les rĂ©gions. Beaucoup de communications prĂ©sentent des synthĂšses rĂ©gionales ou thĂ©matiques, mais une large place est faite Ă©galement Ă des sites inĂ©dits, pour lesquels on nâa pas hĂ©sitĂ© Ă livrer une abondante documentation (plans, matĂ©riel de fouille). Câest en effet par le renouvellement de la documentation archĂ©ologique que nous pouvons espĂ©rer avancer dans la comprĂ©hension des rapports dâacculturation entre les colons grecs et les populations locales
Contacts et acculturations en Méditerranée occidentale
La question des contacts entre les diffĂ©rents peuples qui bordent les rives de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e nord occidentale est lâun des sujets phares de la recherche archĂ©ologique de ces trente derniĂšres annĂ©es. Que lâon parle dâĂ©poque archaĂŻque et classique ou de Protohistoire et dâĂąge du Fer, les Ă©changes et les processus dâacculturation de ces peuples qui entrĂšrent alors en contact les uns avec les autres : Grecs, Celtes, PhĂ©niciens, IbĂšres, Ligures, Ătrusques, ont retenu lâattention des chercheurs travaillant sur lâexpansion grecque dans ces rĂ©gions, sur les trafics commerciaux, sur les Ă©changes culturels. LâĆuvre de Michel Bats (Directeur de recherche honoraire du CNRS) traverse toutes ces thĂ©matiques : la prĂ©sence des PhocĂ©ens et des Ătrusques dans le bassin occidental de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e, lâacculturation et les identitĂ©s ethno-culturelles, les recherches sur la cĂ©ramique et ses usages dans une perspective anthropologique, lâappropriation de lâĂ©criture par les sociĂ©tĂ©s protohistoriques. Ses collĂšgues et amis, en organisant ce colloque et en participant Ă ces actes, entendent lui tĂ©moigner leur amitiĂ© et leur dette intellectuelle. Ce volume rĂ©unit des articles des meilleurs spĂ©cialistes, actuels de la question - des chercheurs de toute la MĂ©diterranĂ©e - autour des quatre grands thĂšmes que nous venons dâĂ©voquer afin tout Ă la fois de dresser un bilan et de dĂ©finir de nouvelles perspectives. Cet ouvrage prĂ©sente donc aussi bien des synthĂšses - sur la prĂ©sence grecque en Espagne, sur lâorigine de lâĂ©criture, sur les pratiques funĂ©raires, sur les identitĂ©s culturelles et ethniques - que des dĂ©couvertes rĂ©centes concernant la thĂ©matique des contacts et de lâacculturation en MĂ©diterranĂ©e nord occidentale : lâagglomĂ©ration du Premier Ăąge du Fer de La Cougourlude (Lattes, HĂ©rault) fouillĂ©e durant lâĂ©tĂ© 2010 ; le sanctuaire hellĂ©nistique de Cumes et les fouilles rĂ©centes de Fratte en Italie ; les ateliers de potiers de Rosas en Espagne ; les derniĂšres dĂ©couvertes dâOlbia de Provence
A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing
Purpose
Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the âClinVar low-hanging fruitâ reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned.
Methods
Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted.
Results
We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency).
Conclusion
The âClinVar low-hanging fruitâ analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock
La greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (indications, déroulement et suivi)
La greffe de cellules souches hĂ©matopoĂŻĂ©tiques (CSH) est devenue une alternative thĂ©rapeutique importante pour le traitement de nombreuses pathologies cancĂ©reuses, notamment les leucĂ©mies. Les CSH se trouvent principalement dans la MO. Cependant, on les trouve Ă©galement en grande quantitĂ© dans le sang de cordon ombilical ou bien dans le sang pĂ©riphĂ©rique aprĂšs mobilisation par un facteur de croissance. Il est donc possible de greffer non seulement une MO mais aussi un sang de cordon ou un sang pĂ©riphĂ©rique riches en cellules souches, provenant soit d'un donneur (allogreffe), soit du malade lui-mĂȘme (autogreffe). Le pouvoir curatif de l'allogreffe est basĂ© sur le contrĂŽle antitumoral immunologique assurĂ© par des effecteurs immuns allogĂ©niques appelĂ©s effet graft versus leukemia (greffon contre leucĂ©mie) mais se heurte Ă©galemment Ă l'effet graft versus host (greffon contre hĂŽte), complication majeure en terme de morbi-mortalitĂ©. La greffe autologue de CSH est un support thĂ©rapeutique Ă un traitement d'intensification reposant sur la relation entre la dose de chimiothĂ©rapie utilisĂ©e et son efficacitĂ© antitumorale. Mais la greffe de CSH prĂ©sente un certain nombre de risques, parmi lesquels on peut distinguer les risques immunologiques (rejet et rĂ©action du greffon contre l'hĂŽte), infectieux et toxiques.CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocSudocFranceF