A longitudinal study of change in substance use from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults

Introduction We assessed change in substance use from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults and identified factors associated with initiation/increase in use. Methods The sample comprised young adults from a longitudinal investigation of 1294 youth recruited at ages 12-13 (1999-2000) in 10 Montr eal-area high schools. Pre-pandemic data on use of cannabis, alcohol, combustible ciga- rette, e-cigarette and binge drinking were collected at ages 20.4, 24.0 and 30.6. During COVID-19, data were col- lected from December 2020 to June 2021 (age 33.6). We studied the prevalence of any and weekly/daily use from age 20.4 to 33.6. Individual-level change in substance use during the pandemic was estimated as differences in the fre- quency of use from age 30.6 to 33.6 versus from age 24.0 to 30.6. Heterogeneity in the risk of initiated/increased sub- stance use during COVID-19 across sociodemographic subgroups was assessed using modified Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of cannabis use increased from 17.5% to 23.1% from before to during the pandemic; e-ciga- rette use increased from 3.8% to 5.4%. In individual change analyses, the proportion of participants whose substance use did not change ranged from 48.9% (alcohol) to 84.0% (e-cigarettes). The incidence of initiated/increased canna- bis use (22.4%), and quit/decreased alcohol (35.2%) and binge drinking (53.5%) were higher during the pandemic than between ages 24.0 to 30.6. Low education and living alone were associated with higher risks of initiated/ increased use of most substances. Discussion Most participants reported stable patterns in substance use from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic

Beta-blocker management in patients admitted for acute heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a review and expert consensus opinion

The role of the beta-adrenergic signaling pathway in heart failure (HF) is pivotal. Early blockade of this pathway with beta-blocker (BB) therapy is recommended as the first-line medication for patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Conversely, in patients with severe acute HF (AHF), including those with resolved cardiogenic shock (CS), BB initiation can be hazardous. There are very few data on the management of BB in these situations. The present expert consensus aims to review all published data on the use of BB in patients with severe decompensated AHF, with or without hemodynamic compromise, and proposes an expert-recommended practical algorithm for the prescription and monitoring of BB therapy in critical settings

Association between the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections detected by passive surveillance and the magnitude of the asymptomatic reservoir in the community: a pooled analysis of paired health facility and community data.

BACKGROUND: Passively collected malaria case data are the foundation for public health decision making. However, because of population-level immunity, infections might not always be sufficiently symptomatic to prompt individuals to seek care. Understanding the proportion of all Plasmodium spp infections expected to be detected by the health system becomes particularly paramount in elimination settings. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the proportion of infections detected and transmission intensity for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in several global endemic settings. METHODS: The proportion of infections detected in routine malaria data, P(Detect), was derived from paired household cross-sectional survey and routinely collected malaria data within health facilities. P(Detect) was estimated using a Bayesian model in 431 clusters spanning the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The association between P(Detect) and malaria prevalence was assessed using log-linear regression models. Changes in P(Detect) over time were evaluated using data from 13 timepoints over 2 years from The Gambia. FINDINGS: The median estimated P(Detect) across all clusters was 12·5% (IQR 5·3-25·0) for P falciparum and 10·1% (5·0-18·3) for P vivax and decreased as the estimated log-PCR community prevalence increased (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for P falciparum 0·63, 95% CI 0·57-0·69; adjusted OR for P vivax 0·52, 0·47-0·57). Factors associated with increasing P(Detect) included smaller catchment population size, high transmission season, improved care-seeking behaviour by infected individuals, and recent increases (within the previous year) in transmission intensity. INTERPRETATION: The proportion of all infections detected within health systems increases once transmission intensity is sufficiently low. The likely explanation for P falciparum is that reduced exposure to infection leads to lower levels of protective immunity in the population, increasing the likelihood that infected individuals will become symptomatic and seek care. These factors might also be true for P vivax but a better understanding of the transmission biology is needed to attribute likely reasons for the observed trend. In low transmission and pre-elimination settings, enhancing access to care and improvements in care-seeking behaviour of infected individuals will lead to an increased proportion of infections detected in the community and might contribute to accelerating the interruption of transmission. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust

Rationales, design and recruitment for the Elfe longitudinal study

Background Many factors act simultaneously in childhood to influence health status, life chances and well being, including pre-birth influences, the environmental pollutants of early life, health status but also the social influences of family and school. A cohort study is needed to disentangle these influences and explore attribution. Methods Elfe will be a nationally representative cohort of 20 000 children followed from birth to adulthood using a multidisciplinary approach. The cohort will be based on the INSEE Permanent Demographic Panel (EDP) established using census data and civil records. The sample size has been defined in order to match the representativeness criteria and to obtain some prevalence estimation, but also to address the research area of low exposure/rare effects. The cohort will be based on repeated surveys by face to face or phone interview (at birth and each year) as well as medical interview (at 2 years) and examination (at 6 years). Furthermore, biological samples will be taken at birth to evaluate the foetal exposition to toxic substances, environmental sensors will be placed in the child's homes. Pilot studies have been initiated in 2007 (500 children) with an overall acceptance rate of 55% and are currently under progress, the 2-year survey being carried out in October this year. Discussion The longitudinal study will provide a unique source of data to analyse the development of children in their environment, to study the various factors interacting throughout the life course up to adulthood and to determine the impact of childhood experience on the individual's physical, psychological, social and professional development

Facteurs prédictifs de mortalité dans l'infarctus du myocarde ayant bénéficié d'une coronarographie dans les 24 premières heures (étude rétrospective portant sur 253 patients)

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Implication de la voie de signalisation c-Jun/RhoB/AKT dans la résistance des cellules de mélanome au Vemurafenib

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Stressors, self-reported overall health, potential protective factors and the workplace well-being of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland: a longitudinal mixed-methods study protocol

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic was making a huge impact on Europe's healthcare systems in the spring of 2020, and most predictive models concurred that pandemic waves were in the offing. Most studies adopted a pathogenic approach to the subject; few used a salutogenic approach. These showed, however, that nurses can retain their health despite a pandemic by mobilising generalised resistance resources. Our study aims to understand how nurses working in Switzerland's hospitals protected their health and workplace well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic by investigating the moderating effects of the health resources they mobilised against the stressors inherent to the situation. The study aims to explore and describe the stressors and the resources nurses used to remain healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD AND ANALYSIS: We will use a concurrent mixed-methods panel design with qualitative analyses ancillary to quantitative analyses. Quantitative data will be collected using electronic questionnaires at four time points over 2 years. Qualitative data will be collected using focus groups. Nurses from Switzerland's two main linguistic regions who had direct, indirect or no contact with patients with COVID-19 will be invited to participate. The a priori sample size will be at least 3631 participants at T0 and 1852 at T4. Longitudinal structural equation modelling and knowledge mapping will be used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. The results derived from the two data types will then be compared and discussed using a side-by-side approach to determine whether they agree or disagree and how they complement each other to achieve our aims. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Nurses will receive an electronic informed consent form. The data collected will be stored on a secure server at the authors' institution. This research project was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton of Vaud (2020-02845)

Evaluation de l’Etat Ecologique des cours d’eau de la Réunion à l’aide du compartiment diatomique sur la base de l’ IDR-V5 stabilisé (Synthèse des travaux réalisés entre Octobre et Décembre 2013)

Un programme de Recherche-Développement mené de 2008 à 2011 par le consortium ASCONIT Consultants – IRSTEA sur financements Office de l’Eau de la Réunion, DREAL, FEDER, ONEMA et autofinancement partiel des deux partenaires, a été réalisé dans le but de mettre au point et de transférer un indice diatomique permettant le diagnostic de qualité des cours d’eau de la Réunion (rapport final IDR daté du 10-10-2012), ainsi qu’un guide-taxonomique d’application et un guide-utilisateur. Cette première version d’indice donnait des résultats déjà relativement satisfaisants, mais il a été diagnostiqué quelques problèmes de jeunesse essentiellement du fait du manque de recul-données. A partir du jeu de données initial (269 relevés) augmenté de 2 années de fonctionnement de réseau de surveillance, ce sont 345 relevés en tout qui ont permis de mettre au point une nouvelle version d’IDR. 4 nouvelles versions d’indice ont été testées, qui ont été comparées à l’IDR-V1 et entre elles, et ont conduit à sélectionner l’IDR_V5. Il s’est ensuivi une phase d’optimisation de l’IDR-V5, qui a conduit, dans le Rapport d’Expertise et d’Etude daté du 04-12-2013, à adopter sa variante 4, sur la base d’une note-plancher atteignable en notation naturelle de [-330]. Le présent rapport a pour objectif d’étudier un dispositif d’Evaluation de l’Etat Ecologique des cours d’eau donnant de bons résultats dans chacun des 2 grands ensembles naturels de la Réunion (Zone Ouest plus chaude et sèche, Zone Est plus tempérée et pluvieuse). Un tunage fin autour de l’EQR de basculement TBE-BE de 0,94 a permis de tester plusieurs scénarios de grilles d’EQRs par région naturelle. Il a été repéré pour chacune d’elles la grille qui donne les meilleurs résultats d’évaluation au relevé individuel, ce qui a permis l’édition de cartes d’Etat au relevé à chaque campagne de terrain. Dans un contexte où les modalités d’évaluation au niveau national n’étaient pas encore précisées (la publication d’un nouvel Arrêté d’Evaluation devrait intervenir en Janvier 2015), un travail exploratoire a aussi été réalisé en dernière partie du présent rapport, afin d’étudier l’effet produit par différentes modalités d’agrégation temporelle des informations acquises à différentes dates sur le même site pour qualifier l’état écologique intégré du site. Le OO-AO a donné des résultats trop sévères. Un principe d’OO-AO ménagé (dérogation de 25% de profondeur de classe) a donné des résultats expertisés comme corrects sur la base des grilles proposées. Par contre, l’utilisation de la moyenne des informations sur 3 ans, comme désormais proposé au niveau national, donne des résultats trop laxistes sur la base de ces grilles. Il va être nécessaire de les retravailler et de compenser les problèmes de compression d’échelle constatés afin de les rendre utilisables pour l’évaluation intégrée des sites

Sur une nouvelle famille de phosphates de formule Na3M2(PO4)3 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Fe)

International audienceNa3M2(PO4)3 (M = Cr, Fe) were prepared by the reaction: 3Na2CO3 + 2M2O3 + 6(NH4)2HPO4 → 2Na3M2(PO4)3 + 12NH3 + 3CO2 + 9H2O. Three thermal treatments are necessary: 15 h at 200°, 15 h at 800°, and 7 days at 950°. The V and Ti analogs were prepared by the direct reaction: 3NaPO3 + M2O3 → Na3M2(PO4)3. The ground mixture is placed in a Au crucible and sealed under vacuum in a Vycos tube. Two thermal treatments are necessary: 15 h at 500° and 15 h at 800°. Powder spectra of all compounds were indexed in the hexagonal system. The lattice parameters are: Na3Ti2(PO4)3, a 8.82±0.02, c 21.57±0.03 Å; Na3V2(PO4)3, a 8.67±0.02, c 21.71±0.03 Å; Na3Cr2(PO4)3, a 8.64±0.02, c 21.67±0.03 Å; Na3Fe2(PO4)3, a 8.72±0.02, c 21.56±0.03 Å. Mobility of the alkali element can be shown by a cation exchange reaction in molten alkali: Li3Cr2(PO4)3 was prepared by the action of molten LiNO3 on Na3Cr2(PO4)3. It is an isotype of the Na homolog and is indexed in the hexagonal system with a 8.26±0.02, c 22.18±0.03 Å