Phytomanagement and Remediation of Cu-Contaminated Soils by High Yielding Crops at a Former Wood Preservation Site: Sunflower Biomass and Ionome

This long-term field trial aimed at remediating a Cu-contaminated soil to promote crop production and soil functions at a former wood preservation site. Twenty-eight field plots with total topsoil Cu in the 198–1,169 mg kg−1 range were assessed. Twenty-four plots (OMDL) were amended in 2008 with a compost (made of pine bark chips and poultry manure, OM, 5% w/w) and dolomitic limestone (DL, 0.2%), and thereafter annually phytomanaged with a sunflower—tobacco crop rotation. In 2013, one untreated plot (UNT) was amended with a green waste compost (GW, 5%) whereas 12 former OMDL plots received a second compost dressing using this green waste compost (OM2DL, 5%). In 2011, one plot was amended with the Carmeuse basic slag (CAR, 1%) and another plot with a P-spiked Linz-Donawitz basic slag (PLD,1%). Thus six soil treatments, i.e., UNT, OMDL, OM2DL, GW, CAR, and PLD, were cultivated in 2016 with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv Ethic). Shoots were harvested and their ionome analyzed. Athigh soil Cu contamination, the 1M NH4NO3-extractable vs. total soil Cu ratio ranked in decreasing order: Unt (2.35)>CAR (1.02), PLD (0.83)>GW (0.58), OMDL (0.44), OM2DL (0.37), indicating a lower Cu extractability in the compost-amended plots. Allamendments improved the soil nutrient status and the soil pH, which was slightly acidicin the UNT soil. Total organic C and N and extractable P contents peaked in the OM2DL soils. Both OMDL and OM2DL treatments led to higher shoot DW yields and Cu removals than the GW, CAR, and PLD treatments. Shoot DW yields decreased as total topsoil Cu rose in the OMDL plots, on the contrary to the OM2DL plots, demonstrating the benefits to repeat compost application after 5 years. Shoot Cu concentrations notably of OMDL and OM2DL plants fitted into their common range and can be used by biomass Mench et al. Phytomanagement of Cu-Contaminated Soils processing technologies and oilseeds as well. In overall, there is a net gain in soil physico-chemical properties and underlying soil functions

Methodology for evaluating the environmental performance of industrial installations with regard to the best available techniques (bats) at local scale : case of the lack of european sectoral reference

La Directive sur les émissions industrielles (IED) réglemente les impacts environnementaux d'un large éventail d'activités industrielles et agricoles via une approche intégrée de leurs pollutions et consommations. En pratique, cette approche se traduit par l’obligation de mettre en œuvre les « Meilleures Techniques Disponibles » (MTD) décrites dans des documents de référence européens : les BREF. Cependant, lors de l’élaboration ou de la révision d’un BREF, il n’est pas possible de couvrir chaque activité pour tout ou partie des enjeux environnementaux qu’elle est susceptible de causer. Les exploitations concernées par ces activités sans référence ne sont pas exemptes de mettre en œuvre les MTD. Pourtant, les enquêtes menées sur l’application des MTD en France montrent que le manque de MTD de référence conduit souvent à ce que la mise en œuvre des MTD ne soit pas effective sur site, et / ou vérifiée par l’autorité compétente. Face à ce constat, une méthodologie permettant aux exploitants d’installations soumises à l’obligation de mise en œuvre des MTD de démontrer leur conformité aux autorités compétentes en l’absence de référence officielle est proposée. Elle se compose de deux phases visant respectivement à l’identification des enjeux environnementaux majeurs d’une installation et à comparer les performances de celle-ci à celles des MTD pour chacun de ces enjeux. Elle est testée sur deux études de cas issues de secteurs d’activité différents, puis ses avantages et ses limites sont discutés à la lumière du retour d’expérience des exploitants. Enfin, des perspectives de travail et de recherche sont proposées.The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) regulates the environmental impacts of a wide range of industrial and agricultural activities through an integrated approach of their pollution and consumption. In practice, this approach translates into the obligation to implement the "Best Available Techniques" (BATs) described in European reference documents: BREFs. However, when drawing up or revising a BREF, it is not possible to cover every activity for all or part of the environmental issues that it is likely to cause. Installations involved in these activities without reference are not exempt from implementing BATs. However, surveys carried out on the application of BATs in France show that the lack of BAT reference often leads to the implementation of BATs not being effective on site, and / or verified by the competent authority. Faced with this finding, a methodology allowing operators of installations subject to the obligation to implement BATs to demonstrate their compliance to the competent authorities in the absence of an official reference is proposed. It consists of two phases aimed respectively at identifying the major environmental issues of an installation and comparing its performance with that of BATs for each of these issues. It is tested on two case studies from different activity sectors, then its advantages and limitations are discussed in the light of industrial feedback. Finally, work and research perspectives are proposed

Méthodologie d'évaluation des performances environnementales des installations industrielles au regard des Meilleures Techniques Disponibles à l'échelle locale : Cas de l'absence de référentiel européen

The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) regulates the environmental impacts of a wide range of industrial and agricultural activities through an integrated approach of their pollution and consumption. In practice, this approach translates into the obligation to implement the "Best Available Techniques" (BATs) described in European reference documents: BREFs. However, when drawing up or revising a BREF, it is not possible to cover every activity for all or part of the environmental issues that it is likely to cause. Installations involved in these activities without reference are not exempt from implementing BATs. However, surveys carried out on the application of BATs in France show that the lack of BAT reference often leads to the implementation of BATs not being effective on site, and / or verified by the competent authority. Faced with this finding, a methodology allowing operators of installations subject to the obligation to implement BATs to demonstrate their compliance to the competent authorities in the absence of an official reference is proposed. It consists of two phases aimed respectively at identifying the major environmental issues of an installation and comparing its performance with that of BATs for each of these issues. It is tested on two case studies from different activity sectors, then its advantages and limitations are discussed in the light of industrial feedback. Finally, work and research perspectives are proposed.La Directive sur les émissions industrielles (IED) réglemente les impacts environnementaux d'un large éventail d'activités industrielles et agricoles via une approche intégrée de leurs pollutions et consommations. En pratique, cette approche se traduit par l’obligation de mettre en œuvre les « Meilleures Techniques Disponibles » (MTD) décrites dans des documents de référence européens : les BREF. Cependant, lors de l’élaboration ou de la révision d’un BREF, il n’est pas possible de couvrir chaque activité pour tout ou partie des enjeux environnementaux qu’elle est susceptible de causer. Les exploitations concernées par ces activités sans référence ne sont pas exemptes de mettre en œuvre les MTD. Pourtant, les enquêtes menées sur l’application des MTD en France montrent que le manque de MTD de référence conduit souvent à ce que la mise en œuvre des MTD ne soit pas effective sur site, et / ou vérifiée par l’autorité compétente. Face à ce constat, une méthodologie permettant aux exploitants d’installations soumises à l’obligation de mise en œuvre des MTD de démontrer leur conformité aux autorités compétentes en l’absence de référence officielle est proposée. Elle se compose de deux phases visant respectivement à l’identification des enjeux environnementaux majeurs d’une installation et à comparer les performances de celle-ci à celles des MTD pour chacun de ces enjeux. Elle est testée sur deux études de cas issues de secteurs d’activité différents, puis ses avantages et ses limites sont discutés à la lumière du retour d’expérience des exploitants. Enfin, des perspectives de travail et de recherche sont proposées

Evaluation multicritère et multiobjectif des performances à l'échelle locale des entreprises au regard des meilleures techniques disponibles

Rapport d'avancement sur la synthèse bibliographique et les enquêtes, Année

Challenges in assessing Best Available Techniques (BATs) compliance in the absence of industrial sectoral reference

International audienceThe Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) aims to achieve a high level of protection of the environment as a whole and of human health. In this purpose, the IED requires the implementation of techniques with performance equivalent to the Best Available Techniques (BATs) described in the reference documents (BREFs). However, when drawing up or revising a BREF at European level, it is not possible to cover each industrial sector or subsector for all or some of the Key Environmental Issues (KEI). There are then different types of situations for which BREFs are incomplete or non-existent. Industrial plants involved in these activities without reference are not exempt from implementing BATs. However, the lack of reference technologies “officially” considered as BATs may lead operators to skip their installations concerned in their BAT analysis and/or the competent authority not to fully check BAT compliance. In view of these observations, this article is aimed at studying the possibility of using the methodological approaches available in the scientific and grey literature to compare the performance of an installation to BATs in the absence of an official and complete BAT reference. Following the description of the research methodology that enabled to conduct this literature review, this article first examines whether methods designed for local use can address this problem. Noting that this is not the case, the possibility to use sectoral methods to build a local BAT reference is also studied. Finally, key specifications for a suitable methodology to address this problem are proposed

Assessing the implementation of Best Available Techniques at the local scale in the absence of industrial sectoral reference: an issue for compliance demonstration

International audienceThe Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) aims to achieve a high level of protection of the environment as a whole and of human health. In this purpose, the IED requires the implementation of techniques with performance equivalent to the Best Available Techniques (BATs) described in the reference documents (BREF).However, when drawing up or revising a BREF at European level, it is not possible to cover each industrial sector or subsector for all or some of the Key Environmental Issues. There are then different types of situations for which the BREF is incomplete or non-existent.Industrial plants involved in these activities without reference are not exempt from implementing BATs. However, the lack of reference technologies "officially" considered as BATs may lead the site operator to skip the installations concerned in his reflection on the establishment of BATs and / or the competent authority not to check BAT compliance.The results of surveys and the literature review showed that the degree of verification and the methods for evaluating the implementation of BATs at the local scale are heterogeneous. Moreover, the large discrepancies in the processing of regulatory files can potentially give rise to distortions of competition.In this context, a methodology was developed in order to enable the operator of an IED or non-IED installation concerned by the problem to demonstrate to the competent authorities, in the absence of an official reference, that a technique is BAT for the considered installation.Its elaboration was based on case studies, which allowed to propose practical tools capable of answering each of the necessary steps to the assessment of techniques with regard to BATs, and to test them directly in the field.Further applications in various sectors need to be made to confirm the genericity and the robustness of this methodology