Coalition-proof supply function equilibria in oligopoly

In an industry where firms compete via supply functions, the set of equilibrium outcomes is large. If decreasing supply functions are ruled out, this set is reduced significantly, but remains large. Specifically, the set of prices that can be sustained by supply function equilibria is the interval between the competitive price and the Cournot price. In sharp contrast, when the number of firms is above a threshold we identify (e.g., three if demand is linear), only the Cournot outcome can be sustained by a coalition-proof supply function equilibrium.Publicad

Optimal domain for the Hardy operator

We study the optimal domain for the Hardy operator considered with values in a rearrangement invariant space. In particular, this domain can be represented as the space of integrable functions with respect to a vector measure defined on a δ-ring. A precise description is given for the case of the minimal Lorentz spaces.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT). Españ

Resultados de trabeculectomia mas mitomicina c intraoperatoria

Se concluyo un estudio descriptivo de casos índices para evidenciar la eficacia y seguridad de la Trabeculectomia mas mitomicina c intraoperatoria (MMC) en pacientes con glaucoma y de la Cirugía Combinada (facotrabeculectomia) con mitomicina c intraoperatoria en aquellos con diagnostico de glaucoma y catarata. Los pacientes fueron atendidos en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá entre los años 2004 y 2008.Se registraron 48 pacientes a quienes se les realizo trabeculectomia y 13 pacientes en el grupo de cirugía combinada. En ambos grupos se determinaron durante un año (1 ) los cambios preoperatorios y posoperatorios en las siguientes variables : niveles de PIO(presión intraocular),numero de medicamentos administrados, cambios en índices campimetricos (DM y PSD) y en agudeza visual, también se documento las manipulaciones posoperatorias para evitar la falla de la ampolla filtrante(Needling, masajes, aplicación subconjuntival de 5FU, suturolisis),las cirugías oculares posteriores derivadas de estos procedimientos y en el caso del grupo de trabeculectomia si hubo necesidad posterior de completar una cirugía de catarata. En el grupo de Trabeculectomia la disminución de PIO fue del 49.8%, la aplicación de medicamentos disminuyo en 57,87%, en general tuvieron mayor pérdida de agudeza visual y progresión en los índices campimetricos (DM de 1,87 dB y PSD de 0,79 db), para evitar la falla de ampolla se necesitaron maniobras de needling, suturolisis o 5 Fu en un 61,20% de los pacientes, además un 22.40% de estos pacientes requirieron de cirugía de catarata. En cirugía Combinada la disminución de PIO se documento en 44,86% y los medicamentos posoperatorios bajaron en un 66,93%, también aumentaron las categorías con mejores niveles de visión, en la DM hubo sin embargo una progresión significativa en 5,5db aunque el PSD logro una estabilización con una mejoría de 1,14 db, de este grupo tuvieron necesidad de procedimientos de suturolisis, 5fu y needling un 46,20% de los pacientes. La trabeculectomia con MMC intraoperatoria es muy efectiva en la disminución de PIO y en la disminución de medicamentos, tiene alta tasa de cirugía de catarata pos-trabeculectomia y requiere mucho manejo posoperatorio, las complicaciones posoperatorias fueron pocas. La cirugía combinada con MMC demostró ser igualmente eficaz en la disminución de PIO y del número de medicamentos posoperatorios. Ambos grupos continuaron progresando en su pérdida de sensibilidad retiniana (DM) aunque las PSD en cirugía combinada lograron una estabilización. PIO: Presión Intraocular, MMC: Mitomicina C, DM: Desviación media, PSD: Patrón estándar de la desviación, dB: DecibelIt concluded a descriptive study of index cases to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy with intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) in patients with glaucoma and combined surgery (phacotrabeculectomy) with intraoperative mitomycin C in those diagnosed with glaucoma and cataract. Patients were treated at the Central Military Hospital in Bogotá between 2004 and 2008.It recorded 48 patients who had undergone a trabeculectomy and 13 patients in the combined surgery group. In both groups were determined during one year (1) changes in preoperative and postoperative variables: levels of IOP (intraocular pressure), number of medications administered, changes in visual field indices (MD and PSD) and visual acuity was also document handling to avoid postoperative failure of the filtering bleb (needling, massage sessions, subconjunctival 5FU, suturelysis), the subsequent eye surgeries resulting from these procedures and in the case of the trabeculectomy group if it was necessary to complete post-surgery cataract. In the trabeculectomy group the decrease in IOP was 49.8%, application of medicines declined by 57.87%, generally had greater loss of visual acuity and visual field progression indices (MD, 1.87 dB and PSD of 0.79 dB) to avoid the pitfall of bleb, maneuvers were required needling, or 5 Fu suturelysis in 61.20% of patients, besides a 22.40% of these patients required cataract surgery. Combined surgery IOP was reduced 44.86% and document postoperative drugs decreased by 66.93%, also increased the categories with higher levels of vision, in DM was however a significant progression in 5.5 db though the PSD to achieve stabilization with an improvement of 1.14 db in this group had need suturelysis procedures, 5FU and needling one 46,20% of patients. Trabeculectomy with intraoperative MMC is very effective in reducing IOP and in lowering medications, have high rates of post-cataract surgery of trabeculectomy and postoperative management requires much, the postoperative complications were few. Surgery combined with MMC proved equally effective in lowering IOP and number of postoperative medications. Both groups continued to progress in their loss of retinal sensitivity (DM), although the PSD combined surgery to stabilize. PIO: Intraocular Pressure, MMC: Mitomycin C, DM: Mean desviation, PSD: Pattern Standard desviation, db: Decibe

Coalition-proof supply function equilibria in oligopoly

In an industry where firms compete via supply functions the set of market outcomes that can arise is large. If decreasing supply functions are ruled out, the set of equilibrium outcomes reduces somewhat, but it remains large: any price between the competitive price and the Cournot price can be sustained by a supply function equilibrium. In sharp contrast, this multiplicity disappears when firms take into account the gains they can attain by coordinating their actions: if the number of firms is above a threshold we identify (e.g., three if demand is linear), then the Cournot equilibrium is the unique outcome that can be sustained by a coalition-proof supply function equilibrium

One-Dimensional Mathematical Model for Kayak Propulsion

[EN] The displacement of a sprint kayak can be described by a one-dimensional mathematical model, which, in its simplest case, is analogous to the free-fall problem with quadratic drag and constant propulsion. To describe realistic cases, it is necessary to introduce a propulsion capable of reproducing the characteristics of the kayak stroke, including periodicity, average force and effects of stroke frequency, among others. Addressing the problem in terms of a Fourier series allows us to separate the equation into two parts, one of which is equivalent to the constant propulsion case and results in an asymptotic expression, while the second accounts for the periodic contributions. This approach allows us to solve several cases of interest: to propose a quadrature rule for the asymptotic part that allows fast estimations; to compare results with the literature; and finally to propose a general mathematical method for this problem which could help to understand some key strategies in the kayak race.S

Fermion Mass Hierarchy from the Soft Wall

We develop a 5d model for ElectroWeak physics based on a non compact warped extra dimension of finite length, known as the soft wall scenario, where all the dynamical degrees of freedom propagate in the 5d bulk. We solve the equations of motion and find the allowed spectra, showing that the mass of the lightest fermionic mode behaves as a power law of the effective 4d Yukawa coupling constant, with the exponent being the corresponding fermionic 5d bulk mass. Precisely this non universal behavior allows us to reproduce the hierarchy between the Standard Model (SM) fermion masses (from neutrinos to the top quark) with non-hierarchical fermionic bulk masses.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figures, minor changes, one figured added, version to be publish in PR

Experimental measurement of endocytosis in fungal hyphae.

The present study examines the notion that polarized exocytosis in the tips of growing hyphae creates an excess of plasma membrane and thus the need for its removal by endocytosis. To measure endocytosis experimentally, we developed a photobleaching (FRAP) procedure to count endocytic events in hyphae of Neurospora crassa carrying a fluorescent tag on the actin-binding protein fimbrin (FIM-1-GFP). Given 40 nm as the average diameter of endocytic vesicles, we calculated that about 12.5% of the plasma membrane discharged in the apex becomes endocytosed in the subapex. According to our calculations, the GFP-tagged hyphae of N. crassa, measured under the constrained conditions of confocal microscopic examination, needed about 8800 vesicles/min to extend their plasma membrane or about 9800/min, if we include predicted demands for cell wall growth and extracellular secretion. Our findings support the notion that exocytosis and endocytosis operate in tandem with the latter serving as a compensatory process to remove any excess of plasma membrane generated by the intense exocytosis in the hyphal tips. Presumably, this tandem arrangement evolved to support the hallmark features of fungi namely rapid cell extension and abundant secretion of hydrolytic enzymes

etos para la investigación en infraestructuras de datos espaciales (IDE)

En los últimos años se ha producido un crecimiento sin precedentes del volumen, valor y uso de la información geográfica o georreferenciada. De hecho, la aparición del prefijo ‘geo’ junto a la más variada terminología (geomarketing, geovisualización, geoinformación, geociencias, etc.) evidencia la importancia de la referencia geográfica (Vintimilla y Ballari, 2009). Esta importancia se hace especialmente visible en los procesos de toma decisiones (Nebert, 2004) como el ordenamiento territorial, la gestión de emergencias, el manejo de recursos naturales y el estudio de impacto ambiental. Dada la influencia multidisciplinar de estas decisiones, la información requerida suele ser producida y gestionada por diferentes instituciones, volviéndose esencial el descubrimiento, acceso, integración y uso de la geoinformación proveniente de fuentes diversas (Nebert,2004). Las infraestructuras de datos espaciales (IDE) facilitan el acceso a geoinformación proveniente de fuentes diferentes, a través del establecimiento de normativas y del desarrollo de geoservicios web estandarizados. Los principales geoservicios de una IDE son los catálogos como metadatos, la visualización de cartografía online y el acceso a los datos mismos para su análisis espacial. Las IDE permiten,a través de la web, descubrir la geoinfor- mación existente en diferentes instituciones y acceder a ella de forma estandarizada. La investigación en IDE se ha centrado, por un lado, en los aspectos institucionales para lograr acuerdos y políticas que permitan compartir geoinformación, y por otro lado, en el desarrollo tecnológico y de estándares para los geoservicios. Sin embargo, un cambio en la dirección de la investigación en IDE se está evidenciando motivado por tres factores principales de cambio. El primero es el crecimiento sin precedentes en el uso de la geoinformación, que ha permitido situar a la geografía como el eje central para integrar cualquier tipo de información (Craglia et al., 2008). El segundo es la innovación tecnológica de los sensores de monitoreo que facilita el acceso, a un coste relativamente bajo,de datos dinámicos y en tiempo real (Bröring et al., 2011; Nittel, 2009). Finalmente, el tercero, es el avance de la web 2.0 que posiciona a los ciudadanos como participantes activos en la creación de la geoinformación (Goodchild,2007)

Unprecedented layered coordination polymers of dithiolene group 10 metals: Magnetic and electrical properties

One-pot reactions between Ni(ii), Pd(ii) or Pt(ii) salts and 3,6-dichloro-1,2-benzenedithiol (HSC6H2Cl2SH) in KOH medium under argon lead to a series of bis-dithiolene coordination polymers. X-ray analysis shows the presence of a common square planar complex [M(SC6H2Cl2S)2]2- linked to potassium cations forming either a two-dimensional coordination polymer network for {[K2(μ-H2O)2(μ-thf)(thf)2][M(SC6H2Cl2S)2]}n [M = Ni (1) and Pd (2)] or a one-dimensional coordination polymer for {[K2(μ-H2O)2(thf)6][Pt(SC6H2Cl2S)2]}n (3). In 3 the coordination environment of the potassium ions may slightly change leading to the two-dimensional coordination polymer {[K2(μ-H2O)(μ-thf)2][Pt(SC6H2Cl2S)2]}n (4) that crystallizes together with 3. The physical characterization of compounds 1-3 show similar trends, they are diamagnetic and behave as semiconductorsWe thank financial support from MICINN (MAT2013-46753-C2-1-P, CTQ2014-52758-P and MAT2014-56143-R) and Generalitat Valenciana (PrometeoII/2014/076