Resistance to carbapenems in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars from humans, animals and food

Non-typhoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica (NTS) are a leading cause of food-borne disease in animals and humans worldwide. Like other zoonotic bacteria, NTS have the potential to act as reservoirs and vehicles for the transmission of antimicrobial drug resistance in different settings. Of particular concern is the resistance to critical “last resort” antimicrobials, such as carbapenems. In contrast to other Enterobacteriaceae (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter, which are major nosocomial pathogens affecting debilitated and immunocompromised patients), carbapenem resistance is still very rare in NTS. Nevertheless, it has already been detected in isolates recovered from humans, companion animals, livestock, wild animals, and food. Five carbapenemases with major clinical importance—namely KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) (class A), IMP (imipenemase), NDM (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase), VIM (Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase) (class B), and OXA-48 (oxacillinase, class D)—have been reported in NTS. Carbapenem resistance due to the production of extended spectrum- or AmpC β-lactamases combined with porin loss has also been detected in NTS. Horizontal gene transfer of carbapenemase-encoding genes (which are frequently located on self-transferable plasmids), together with co- and cross-selective adaptations, could have been involved in the development of carbapenem resistance by NTS. Once acquired by a zoonotic bacterium, resistance can be transmitted from humans to animals and from animals to humans through the food chain. Continuous surveillance of resistance to these “last resort” antibiotics is required to establish possible links between reservoirs and to limit the bidirectional transfer of the encoding genes between S. enterica and other commensal or pathogenic bacteria

La etica implícita en la transmisión de conocimientos

El proceso de transmisión de conocimientos es complejo; incluye procesos lógicos, estados emocionales y comportamientos socioculturales. Las diferentes formas de saber crean una imagen del mundo que influye en lo que cada hombre es. En el texto se analizan las situaciones éticas implícitas en la educación cotidiana. Enseñar con una postura dogmática -tanto en ciencia como en ética- conduce a aceptar una sola imagen del mundo, y, por lo tanto, impide vivir con lo diferente. Discrepar con la imagen predominante e imitar lo que fortalece la conciencia son sendasEl proceso de transmisión de conocimientos es complejo; incluye procesos lógicos, estados emocionales y comportamientos socioculturales. Las diferentes formas de saber crean una imagen del mundo que influye en lo que cada hombre es. En el texto se analizan las situaciones éticas implícitas en la educación cotidiana. Enseñar con una postura dogmática -tanto en ciencia como en ética- conduce a aceptar una sola imagen del mundo, y, por lo tanto, impide vivir con lo diferente. Discrepar con la imagen predominante e imitar lo que fortalece la conciencia son senda

Fuzzy Inference System for VOLT/VAR control in distribution substations in isolated power systems

This paper presents a fuzzy inference system for voltage/reactive power control in distribution substations. The purpose is go forward to automation distribution and its implementation in isolated power systems where control capabilities are limited and it is common using the same applications as in continental power systems. This means that lot of functionalities do not apply and computational burden generates high response times. A fuzzy controller, with logic guidelines embedded based upon heuristic rules resulting from operators at dispatch control center past experience, has been designed. Working as an on-line tool, it has been tested under real conditions and it has managed the operation during a whole day in a distribution substation. Within the limits of control capabilities of the system, the controller maintained successfully an acceptable voltage profile, power factor values over 0,98 and it has ostensibly improved the performance given by an optimal power flow based automation system

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Marketing Mix Used By Transport Network Vehicle Services

This research assessed the level of effectiveness of the 4Ps or the marketing mix employed by Grab Car using the Four Ps of Marketing—Price, Place, Promotion, and to identify if Grab Car really is living up to the expectations of the riding public in the NCR. Findings may have shown that passengers are satisfied with the services provided by Grab Car, focusing on the concerns of the commuters can still be used by Grab and other Transport Network Vehicle Services in improving their marketing strategies. Keywords: Grab Car, Marketing Mix, Marketing Strategies, Transport Network Vehicle Service

An extension of the dirac and gotay-nester theories of constraints for dirac dynamical systems

This paper extends the Gotay-Nester and the Dirac theories of constrained systems in order to deal with Dirac dynamical systems in the integrable case. Integrable Dirac dynamical systems are viewed as constrained systems where the constraint submanifolds are foliated. The cases considered usually in the literature correspond to a trivial foliation, with only one leaf. A Constraint Algorithm for Dirac dynamical systems (CAD), which extends the Gotay-Nester algorithm, is developed. Evolution equations are written using a Dirac bracket adapted to the foliations and an adapted total energy. The interesting example of LC circuits is developed in detail. The paper emphasizes the point of view that Dirac and Gotay-Nester theories are, in a certain sense, dual and that using a combination of results from both theories may have advantages in dealing with a given example, rather than using systematically one or the other.Laboratorio de Electrónica Industrial, Control e Instrumentació

Analysis and Experimental Implementation of Grid Frequency Regulation using Behind-the-Meter Batteries Compensating for Fast Load Demand Variations

This paper proposes a new grid frequency regulation (GFR) scheme using behind-the-meter battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The fast dynamic responses of the electrical BESSs enable buildings to compensate for the high-frequency components of load demand variations, through direct load control (DLC). An electrical system in a building, along with its building-level and device-level controllers, is considered to address the difficulties in the application of DLC, especially in communicating with several small-scale BESSs. A small-signal analysis is carried out using the aggregated responses of the generators and the DLC-enabled buildings to investigate the proposed GFR scheme, particularly with respect to the feedback controllers for the buildings. Simulation studies are performed using a test grid for various penetrations of the DLC-enabled buildings, and the test grid is implemented using a laboratory-scale microgrid. The proposed GFR is effective in reducing the frequency deviations and required reserve capacity of the generators, which is achieved by making small variations in the state-of-charge of the behind-the-meter battery.1172Ysciescopu

Evaluar la competencia aprender a aprender: Una propuesta metodológica

En este artículo se presenta un procedimiento para diseñar instrumentos para evaluar la competencia de Aprender a Aprender. Analizamos la secuencia de trabajo y los conceptos implicados. Se trata de una línea de trabajo que pretende diseñar instrumentos de evaluación referidos a estándares, para evaluar las competencias básicas en la educación obligatoria, y las genéricas o transversales en las titulaciones de grado universitarias (el sistema de instrumentos para universitarios se denomina ESCOGE). Se ilustra la reflexión acerca de esta propuesta con la definición teórica realizada para el diseño de instrumentos que permitan evaluar esta competencia en egresados universitarios del área de Ciencias de la Educación (Maestros, Pedagogos, Psicopedagogos y Educadores Sociales), aportando muestras de los elementos útiles para el estudio de evidencias de validación de constructo basada en juicio de expertos

La Investigación Evaluativa y las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC).

La investigación evaluativa se ha constituido en los últimos años como un poderoso instrumento de apoyo a la gestión educativa, tanto en el planomicro-analíticopara la gestión y mejora de la evaluación en el aula, como en macro-analíticopara la evaluación de programas, organizaciones y sistemas

Notas sobre el género Otidea (Pezizomycotina: Pezizales: Pyronemataceae) en México

ResumenEl género Otidea en México está representado por 8 taxones, 6 especies y 2 variedades. Otidea concinna es un nuevo registro para México. Se citan nuevas recolectas del género para los estados de Chiapas, Distrito Federal, Morelos y Veracruz.AbstractThe genus Otidea in Mexico is represented by 8 taxa, 6 species and 2 varieties. Otidea concinna is a new record for Mexico and new collections of Otidea from the states of Chiapas, Distrito Federal, Morelos and Veracruz are cited

Una aproximación conceptual para el diseño de instrumentos de evaluación de la competencia aprender a aprender en los profesionales de la educación

La competencia de Aprender a Aprender (AaA, en lo sucesivo) ha sido señalada desde hace unos años como una de las competencias clave para el desarrollo personal y social. La formación a lo largo de la vida se basa no sólo en lo que las sociedades avanzadas puedan aportar a sus ciudadanos, sino también en la preparación con que éstos cuenten para aprovechar estas oportunidades. Prevenir la posibilidad de exclusión a lo largo de la vida (fenómeno especialmente doloroso cuando se produce en edades avanzadas, en las que las personas encuentran menos permeabilidad en el mercado de trabajo), es fundamental si se quiere apoyar un modelo de desarrollo social dirigido a promover la Cohesión Social