Intervención psicológica con corredores de maratón : características y valoración del programa aplicado en el maratón de Madrid

12 psicólogos del deporte participaron en un programa de intervención psicológica con los corredores del Maratón de Madrid. En los días anteriores al maratón, 1457 corredores recibieron asesoramiento a través de un folleto informativo con recomendaciones prácticas para preparar su participación en la carrera (incluyendo establecimiento de objetivos, planificación de la carrera, anticipación de dificultades, control de pensamientos negativos y control de la activación), información relacionada con sus puntuaciones en el cuestionario CSAI-2 (ansiedad somática, ansiedad cognitiva y autoconfianza) y atención de demandas concretas. Después de la carrera, los psicólogos proporcionaron apoyo psicológico a corredores que acudieron al servicio de Fisioterapia. Así mismo, antes de la prueba, el personal sanitario (fisioterapeutas y enfermeros) recibió algunas recomendaciones prácticas para optimizar su trabajo con los corredores. Unas semanas más tarde, 452 corredores contestaron a una encuesta valorando la eficacia de esta intervención psicológica, recogiéndose, también, los informes globales de los psicólogos participantes y de un reducido número de fisioterapeutas. Los datos senalan que el asesoramiento realizado antes de la carrera fue considerado útil por la mayoría de los corredores y bastante útil para un considerable número de ellos, sobre todo para aquellos que lograron el objetivo deportivo que habían establecido para este maratón, destacando la información recibida para el control de pensamientos negativos y en relación con la autoconfianza. Las valoraciones globales de corredores, psicólogos y fisioterapeutas también avalan la utilidad del apoyo psicológico proporcionado después de la carrera. En el artículo se explican las características de este programa de intervención psicológica con corredores populares de maratón, y se discute su aportación a la Psicología del Deporte, al papel de los psicólogos del deporte en equipos interdisciplinares y a la contribución de los psicólogos en los maratones populares.12 sport psychologists conducted a programme of psychological intervention with the participants at the Marathon of Madrid (Spain). In the days prior the marathon 1457 recreational runners were helped with psychological counselling using both a handout with practical recommendations to prepare for the race (including goal setting, planning for the race, anticipating main difficulties, preparing to control negative thoughts, and arousal control), information related to their scores in the CSAI-2 (somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence), and attention to specific demands. After the race, psychologists provided psychological support to runners who attended the service of Physiotherapy to receive massage. Likewise, before the race, the medical personnel involved in te marathon (physiotherapists and nurses) received from sport psychologists practical guidelines to improve their work with the runners. Few weeks after the marathon, 452 runners answered to a survey to assess this programme. Data were also obtained through global reports from the sport psychologists and a reduced number of physiotherapists. Most runners found useful, and many of them very useful, the counselling provided before the race, especially runners who achieved their goals for the marathon, highlighting the information to control negative thoughts and related to selfconfidence. Global reports of runners, sport psychologists and physiotherapists, also supported the utility of psychological intervention after the race, especially to help runners to relax, to tolerate pain while receiving massage, to show their feelings and to gain control over the experience. The article explains all the characteristics of this programme and pinpoints its contribution to Sport Psychology, the role of sport psychologists within multidisciplinary teams, and the contribution of sport psychologists in recreational marathons

Wine pomace product ameliorates hypertensive and diabetic aorta vascular remodeling through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions

Vascular remodeling in hypertension and diabetes is characterized by a low-grade inflammation of the arterial wall and enhanced oxidative stress. Wine pomace products attenuate hyperglycemia and hypertension through reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation by their polyphenol composition. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the wine pomace product (WP) on morphometric parameters of the arterial wall in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and streptozotocin-diabetic rats (STZ). Oxidative stress was also evaluated by determination of radical oxygen species (ROS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in thoracic aortas. Wine pomace reduces wall aortic thickness, cross sectional area and wall/lumen ratio, and decreases ROS and increases eNOS activation. In summary, the supplementation of hypertensive or diabetic rats with the wine pomace product exhibits a protective role against the endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling.Autonomous Government of Castilla y León (Research project BU282U1

Bajo peso al nacer, desarrollo puberal y presión arterial en adolescentes del sexo femenino / Low weight at birth, pubertal development and blood pressure in female adolescents

Se estudió la presión arterial en una muestra de adolescentes del sexo femenino, sanas, con edades comprendidas entre doce y catorce años. Se determinó la condición de las muchachas con respecto a la menarquia. El objetivo de la investigación fue confirmar la conocida asociación inversa entre el peso al nacimiento y la presión arterial, estudiar la asociación entre el peso al nacimiento y la edad de la menarquia y poner a prueba una hipótesis sobre el tamaño relativo del riñón con respecto al volumen corporal y su asociación con las cifras de presión arterial. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal a dicha muestra. Los resultados evidenciaron que las adolescentes que tienen menarquia más temprana tienen cifras más altas de tensión arterial y mayor índice de masa corporal. Un indicador alométrico de la relación entre el volumen renal y el índice de masa corporal también se encuentra disminuido en este grupo de muchachas. En las adolescentes que nacieron con peso insuficiente, la menarquia ocurre, en promedio, casi un año antes que en las que nacieron con peso normal. Se concluye que el peso insuficiente al nacimiento favorece, bajo ciertas condiciones, un adelanto en los eventos puberales, lo cual se acompaña de reacciones adaptativas en el organismo, se determinó que existe correlación significativa entre estas variables con una p=0.014. Esta cadena de sucesos contribuye a un incremento en las cifras de prensión arterial. Palabras clave: Presión arterial, Bajo peso al nacer, Desarrollo puberal, Menarquia. ABSTRACT Blood pressure was studied in a sample of 12-14-year-old healthy female adolescents, determining the condition of their menarche. The aim of the present research is to prove the known inverse association between the body weight at birth and blood pressure, to study the association between the body weight at birth and the age of the menarche and to prove a hypothesis on the relative size of the kidney with respect to the body volume and its association with the counts of the blood pressure. A descriptive observational and cross sectional study was performed in the sample. Results showed that adolescents with earlier menarche have higher counts of blood pressure as well as a greater body mass index. An alometric index in the relationship between the renal volume and the body mass index is also decreased in this group of adolescents. In those born with a low body weight, menarche appears almost a year before than in those born with a normal body weight. It is concluded that the low body weight at birth is in favour of , under some circumstances, an increase of the pubertal events, being accompanied by adaptative reactions in the economy, it was also determined that there is a significant correlation among these variables (p =0.014). This chain of events leads to an increase of blood pressure counts. Key words: Blood Pressure, Low Weight at Birth, Pubertal Development, Menarche

Bajo peso al nacer, desarrollo puberal y presión arterial en adolescentes del sexo femenino / Low weight at birth, pubertal development and blood pressure in female adolescents

Se estudió la presión arterial en una muestra de adolescentes del sexo femenino, sanas, con edades comprendidas entre doce y catorce años. Se determinó la condición de las muchachas con respecto a la menarquia. El objetivo de la investigación fue confirmar la conocida asociación inversa entre el peso al nacimiento y la presión arterial, estudiar la asociación entre el peso al nacimiento y la edad de la menarquia y poner a prueba una hipótesis sobre el tamaño relativo del riñón con respecto al volumen corporal y su asociación con las cifras de presión arterial. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal a dicha muestra. Los resultados evidenciaron que las adolescentes que tienen menarquia más temprana tienen cifras más altas de tensión arterial y mayor índice de masa corporal. Un indicador alométrico de la relación entre el volumen renal y el índice de masa corporal también se encuentra disminuido en este grupo de muchachas. En las adolescentes que nacieron con peso insuficiente, la menarquia ocurre, en promedio, casi un año antes que en las que nacieron con peso normal. Se concluye que el peso insuficiente al nacimiento favorece, bajo ciertas condiciones, un adelanto en los eventos puberales, lo cual se acompaña de reacciones adaptativas en el organismo, se determinó que existe correlación significativa entre estas variables con una p=0.014. Esta cadena de sucesos contribuye a un incremento en las cifras de prensión arterial. Palabras clave: Presión arterial, Bajo peso al nacer, Desarrollo puberal, Menarquia. ABSTRACT Blood pressure was studied in a sample of 12-14-year-old healthy female adolescents, determining the condition of their menarche. The aim of the present research is to prove the known inverse association between the body weight at birth and blood pressure, to study the association between the body weight at birth and the age of the menarche and to prove a hypothesis on the relative size of the kidney with respect to the body volume and its association with the counts of the blood pressure. A descriptive observational and cross sectional study was performed in the sample. Results showed that adolescents with earlier menarche have higher counts of blood pressure as well as a greater body mass index. An alometric index in the relationship between the renal volume and the body mass index is also decreased in this group of adolescents. In those born with a low body weight, menarche appears almost a year before than in those born with a normal body weight. It is concluded that the low body weight at birth is in favour of , under some circumstances, an increase of the pubertal events, being accompanied by adaptative reactions in the economy, it was also determined that there is a significant correlation among these variables (p =0.014). This chain of events leads to an increase of blood pressure counts. Key words: Blood Pressure, Low Weight at Birth, Pubertal Development, Menarche

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

Predictive Power of the "Trigger Tool" for the detection of adverse events in general surgery: a multicenter observational validation study

Background In spite of the global implementation of standardized surgical safety checklists and evidence-based practices, general surgery remains associated with a high residual risk of preventable perioperative complications and adverse events. This study was designed to validate the hypothesis that a new “Trigger Tool” represents a sensitive predictor of adverse events in general surgery. Methods An observational multicenter validation study was performed among 31 hospitals in Spain. The previously described “Trigger Tool” based on 40 specific triggers was applied to validate the predictive power of predicting adverse events in the perioperative care of surgical patients. A prediction model was used by means of a binary logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of adverse events among a total of 1,132 surgical cases included in this study was 31.53%. The “Trigger Tool” had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.27% and 79.55% respectively for predicting these adverse events. A total of 12 selected triggers of overall 40 triggers were identified for optimizing the predictive power of the “Trigger Tool”. Conclusions The “Trigger Tool” has a high predictive capacity for predicting adverse events in surgical procedures. We recommend a revision of the original 40 triggers to 12 selected triggers to optimize the predictive power of this tool, which will have to be validated in future studies

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

The histology of ovarian cancer: worldwide distribution and implications for international survival comparisons (CONCORD-2)

Objective Ovarian cancers comprise several histologically distinct tumour groups with widely different prognosis. We aimed to describe the worldwide distribution of ovarian cancer histology and to understand what role this may play in international variation in survival. Methods The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival. Data on 681,759 women diagnosed during 1995â\u80\u932009 with cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum and retroperitonum in 51 countries were included. We categorised ovarian tumours into six histological groups, and explored the worldwide distribution of histology. Results During 2005â\u80\u932009, type II epithelial tumours were the most common. The proportion was much higher in Oceania (73.1%), North America (73.0%) and Europe (72.6%) than in Central and South America (65.7%) and Asia (56.1%). By contrast, type I epithelial tumours were more common in Asia (32.5%), compared with only 19.4% in North America. From 1995 to 2009, the proportion of type II epithelial tumours increased from 68.6% to 71.1%, while the proportion of type I epithelial tumours fell from 23.8% to 21.2%. The proportions of germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, other specific non-epithelial tumours and tumours of non-specific morphology all remained stable over time. Conclusions The distribution of ovarian cancer histology varies widely worldwide. Type I epithelial, germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumours are generally associated with higher survival than type II tumours, so the proportion of these tumours may influence survival estimates for all ovarian cancers combined. The distribution of histological groups should be considered when comparing survival between countries and regions

Intervención psicológica con corredores de maratón : características y valoración del programa aplicado en el maratón de Madrid

12 psicólogos del deporte participaron en un programa de intervención psicológica con los corredores del Maratón de Madrid. En los días anteriores al maratón, 1457 corredores recibieron asesoramiento a través de un folleto informativo con recomendaciones prácticas para preparar su participación en la carrera (incluyendo establecimiento de objetivos, planificación de la carrera, anticipación de dificultades, control de pensamientos negativos y control de la activación), información relacionada con sus puntuaciones en el cuestionario CSAI-2 (ansiedad somática, ansiedad cognitiva y autoconfianza) y atención de demandas concretas. Después de la carrera, los psicólogos proporcionaron apoyo psicológico a corredores que acudieron al servicio de Fisioterapia. Así mismo, antes de la prueba, el personal sanitario (fisioterapeutas y enfermeros) recibió algunas recomendaciones prácticas para optimizar su trabajo con los corredores. Unas semanas más tarde, 452 corredores contestaron a una encuesta valorando la eficacia de esta intervención psicológica, recogiéndose, también, los informes globales de los psicólogos participantes y de un reducido número de fisioterapeutas. Los datos senalan que el asesoramiento realizado antes de la carrera fue considerado útil por la mayoría de los corredores y bastante útil para un considerable número de ellos, sobre todo para aquellos que lograron el objetivo deportivo que habían establecido para este maratón, destacando la información recibida para el control de pensamientos negativos y en relación con la autoconfianza. Las valoraciones globales de corredores, psicólogos y fisioterapeutas también avalan la utilidad del apoyo psicológico proporcionado después de la carrera. En el artículo se explican las características de este programa de intervención psicológica con corredores populares de maratón, y se discute su aportación a la Psicología del Deporte, al papel de los psicólogos del deporte en equipos interdisciplinares y a la contribución de los psicólogos en los maratones populares.12 sport psychologists conducted a programme of psychological intervention with the participants at the Marathon of Madrid (Spain). In the days prior the marathon 1457 recreational runners were helped with psychological counselling using both a handout with practical recommendations to prepare for the race (including goal setting, planning for the race, anticipating main difficulties, preparing to control negative thoughts, and arousal control), information related to their scores in the CSAI-2 (somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence), and attention to specific demands. After the race, psychologists provided psychological support to runners who attended the service of Physiotherapy to receive massage. Likewise, before the race, the medical personnel involved in te marathon (physiotherapists and nurses) received from sport psychologists practical guidelines to improve their work with the runners. Few weeks after the marathon, 452 runners answered to a survey to assess this programme. Data were also obtained through global reports from the sport psychologists and a reduced number of physiotherapists. Most runners found useful, and many of them very useful, the counselling provided before the race, especially runners who achieved their goals for the marathon, highlighting the information to control negative thoughts and related to selfconfidence. Global reports of runners, sport psychologists and physiotherapists, also supported the utility of psychological intervention after the race, especially to help runners to relax, to tolerate pain while receiving massage, to show their feelings and to gain control over the experience. The article explains all the characteristics of this programme and pinpoints its contribution to Sport Psychology, the role of sport psychologists within multidisciplinary teams, and the contribution of sport psychologists in recreational marathons