226 research outputs found
Variation Syntaxique Dans le Français Multiculturel du Cinéma de Banlieue
This study examines the representation of syntactic variation in Multicultural French in a corpus of 38 âbanlieue filmsâ. Many studies have been carried out so far on the lexis and phonology of the âfrançais des banlieuesâ (termed here Multicultural French) but not on the syntax. According to some linguists (Conein et Gadet, 2000 ; Liogier 2002), this could be due to the fact that âfrançais des banlieuesâ is not different from traditional âPopular Frenchâ in terms of its grammar and syntax. The variationist and pragmatic approaches are used to examine three variables : the use of comment as an exclamative marker instead of more traditional markers (chapter 4), the variation in the use of WH-questions (chapters 5, 6, 7) and the use of quâest-ce que âwhatâ instead of pourquoi âwhyâ in some types of rhetorical questions used to express a challenge or a criticism (chapters 8, 9). The main results of the study are that: the structure [QkSV] has declined since the 1990s, the [SVQ] structure can be used for rhetorical questions, the quâest-ce que rhetorical question expresses a strong face threatening act and is more direct than a rhetorical question in pourquoi which can be ambiguous. The representation of Multicultural French spoken in these films shows an increase in the use of some syntactic features compared to traditional Popular French. However, this observation cannot allow us to claim that they are two distinct varieties in terms of their syntax
La cohĂ©sion dans les textes narratifs : analyse dâun corpus dâapprenants
In this paper, we propose the study of the cohesion in the narrative texts written by B2 and C1 level learners of French as a FL. We will focus on the sentence connectors. We will analyse different parameters such as the frequency and variety of connectors used. We will then focus on some unexpected uses found in the learner corpus Corpus-CFLE. Our aim is to study the studentsâ narrative productions and their knowledge in the use of specific connector according to the type of the text produced.In this paper, we propose the study of the cohesion in the narrative texts written by B2 and C1 level learners of French as a FL. We will focus on the sentence connectors. We will analyse different parameters such as the frequency and variety of connectors used. We will then focus on some unexpected uses found in the learner corpus Corpus-CFLE. Our aim is to study the studentsâ narrative productions and their knowledge in the use of specific connector according to the type of the text produced
La ville marocaine vue par les voyageurs européens
The experience of otherness is essentially sensed through space. In their peregrinations, European travelers and ambassadors give us, through the centuries, different glances on the Moroccan city. The image of the Other goes first through the descriptive mode. It would probably be necessary to see in the descriptions of the Moroccan cities, a form of speech, whichis regarded as the catalyst of reactions at the receiver. The description is a place of silence that should be questioned in viaticum writing. It reveals a difference that will be constructed in terms of the gap with the world of the narrator. Moroccan cities, as reported in travel narratives, are in fact only the montage of the image of the Other. This is the other side of the otherness that is given to see and by a report of metonymy, the narrators also stage their own visions and their own subjectivities. The image of spatiality in the Other which, by a process of comparison in hollow, reflects the image of the spatiality of oneself, because to say the Other also consists in situating it in relation to oneself and to a frameof reference whose space is part and parcel. To think about this issue, we opted for a viaticum consisting of three travel narratives, where two major cities no less important in Moroccan history are given to see: Meknes and Tangier. These stories date back to 1714, 1789, and 1875, respectively. The first is entitled History of the reign of Moulay IsmaĂŻl written by Dominique Busnot. The second relation Voyage in the empire of Morocco and the kingdom of Fez, is written by a British doctor, William LempriĂšre. The third account, MOROCCO, is written by an Italian M. Edmondo De Amicis (1875); he was translated from Italian by Henri Belle.LâexpĂ©rience de lâaltĂ©ritĂ© est ressentie essentiellement Ă travers lâespace. Dans leurs pĂ©rĂ©grinations, les voyageurs et les ambassadeurs europĂ©ens livrent, Ă travers les siĂšcles, diffĂ©rents regards sur la ville marocaine. Lâimage de lâAutre passe dâabord par le biais du mode descriptif. Il faudrait, sans doute, voir dans les descriptions des villes marocaines une forme de discours qui se veut catalyseur de rĂ©actions chez le rĂ©cepteur. La description est un lieu de silence quâil faudrait interroger dans lâĂ©criture viatique. Elle rĂ©vĂšle une diffĂ©rence qui va se construire en termes dâĂ©cart avec le monde du narrateur. Les villes marocaines, telles quâelles sont rapportĂ©es dans les rĂ©cits de voyage, ne sont, en fait, que le montage de lâimage de lâAutre. Câest lâAutre revers de lâaltĂ©ritĂ© qui est donnĂ© Ă voir et par un rapport de mĂ©tonymie, les narrateurs mettent en scĂšne Ă©galement leurs propres visions et leurs propres subjectivitĂ©s. Lâimage de la spatialitĂ© chez lâAutre rĂ©flĂ©chit, par un processus de comparaison en creux, lâimage de la spatialitĂ© de soi, car dire lâAutre consiste aussi Ă le situer par rapport Ă soi et par rapport Ă un systĂšme de rĂ©fĂ©rences dont lâespace fait partie. Pour penser cet enjeu, nous avons optĂ© pour un corpus viatique composĂ© de trois rĂ©cits de voyage, oĂč deux grandes villes, non moins importantes dans lâhistoire marocaine, sont donnĂ©es Ă voir : MeknĂšs et Tanger. Ces rĂ©cits datent respectivement de 1714, 1789,1875. Le premier est intitulĂ© Histoire du rĂšgne de Moulay IsmaĂŻl Ă©crit par Dominique Busnot1. La deuxiĂšme relation Voyage dans lâempire de Maroc et au royaume de Fez, est rĂ©digĂ©e par un mĂ©decin britannique, William LempriĂšre2. Le troisiĂšme rĂ©cit, Le Maroc, est Ă©crit par un Italien M. Edmondo De Amicis3 ; il a Ă©tĂ© traduit de lâitalien par Henri Belle
ProcĂ©dĂ©s de validation dans les rĂ©cits dâambassade marocains du XVIIe et XVIIIe s.
Dans les rĂ©cits dâambassade marocain du 17° et 18° siĂšcles, il est question de reprĂ©senter une image de lâAutre. Si la validation de cette image est Ă©tablie, lâambassadeur arrive Ă©galement Ă faire parvenir un message quâil ne peut exprimer ouvertement Ă son rĂ©cepteur, qui est le roi. Lâimage disqualifiĂ©e de lâInfidĂšle, surtout au niveau Ă©thique, est facile Ă forger, disons mĂȘme quâelle existe dĂ©jĂ dans lâimaginaire collectif musulman et nâa nul besoin dâĂȘtre esquissĂ©e, prĂ©cisĂ©e ou mĂȘme transmise. Mais lorsquâil sâagit de prĂ©senter lâautre revers inattendu de cette image â disons pour lâinstant redoutable â la tĂąche sera difficile. Il nâest pas aisĂ©, en effet, de reconnaĂźtre Ă lâInfidĂšle une quelconque suprĂ©matie, ni de lui tĂ©moigner un quelconque mĂ©rite auprĂšs du commandeur des croyants. Nous allons nous interroger sur les procĂ©dĂ©s dâauthentifications et donc de validation mis en Ćuvre dans ce type de rĂ©cits qui favorisent cette transition dâun regard nĂ©gateur vers un regard qui tente prudemment de reconnaĂźtre Ă lâAutre une certaine puissance
The nuclear track detector CR39: results from different experiments
The nuclear track detector CR39 was calibrated with different ions of
different energies. Due to the low detection threshold (Z/beta~6e) and the good
charge resolution (sigma_Z ~ 0.2e for 6e < Z/beta <83e with 2 measurements),
the detector was used for different purposes: (i) fragmentation of high and
medium energy ions; (ii) search for magnetic monopoles, nuclearites,
strangelets and Q-balls in the cosmic radiation.Comment: 4 pages, 5 eps figures. Invited talk at the 11th Topical Seminar on
Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors, Siena, Italy, 1-4 October 200
La prĂ©sence de lâauteur dans les rapports de stage : pratiques et formation de formateurs
In the last three decades there has been an increasing interest in the study of the interaction between the author and the reader in written texts. In this paper, we propose to focus on the analysis of the authorial presence in the internship reports. To this end, we analysed a corpus of L1 French studentsâ internship reports. The occurrences of JE, NOUS and ON allowed us to establish a list of different functions of these pronouns by observing how trainee-writers are using these three pronouns. These observations enabled us to put forward certain hypotheses concerning training of the future language teachers
La conscience et lâautoconscience des futurs formateurs de FLE dans le dĂ©veloppement de la compĂ©tence interculturelle
In this paper, we analyse the degree of awareness and self-awareness of future teachers of French as a foreign language in teaching intercultural competence. To do so, we study extracts of studentsâ books created by the Master students themselves where the intercultural competence is developed. We realise that future Masters students are generally well aware of the need for intercultural mediation, however some of them focus on descriptive aspects of their culture rather than adopting a mediator posture, indeed they tend to describe and explain a cultural phenomenon rather than encouraging its interpretation and understanding.In this paper, we analyse the awareness and self-awareness of future trainers of French as a foreign language in teaching intercultural competence. To do so, we study extracts of studentsâ books created by MA students, where intercultural competence is developed. We realise that future masterâs students are generally aware of the need for intercultural mediation, however some of them focus on descriptive aspects of their culture rather than adopting a mediatorâs posture. In fact, they tend to describe and explain a cultural phenomenon rather than encouraging its interpretation and understandin
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