Variation Syntaxique Dans le Français Multiculturel du Cinéma de Banlieue

This study examines the representation of syntactic variation in Multicultural French in a corpus of 38 “banlieue films”. Many studies have been carried out so far on the lexis and phonology of the “français des banlieues” (termed here Multicultural French) but not on the syntax. According to some linguists (Conein et Gadet, 2000 ; Liogier 2002), this could be due to the fact that “français des banlieues” is not different from traditional “Popular French” in terms of its grammar and syntax. The variationist and pragmatic approaches are used to examine three variables : the use of comment as an exclamative marker instead of more traditional markers (chapter 4), the variation in the use of WH-questions (chapters 5, 6, 7) and the use of qu’est-ce que “what” instead of pourquoi “why” in some types of rhetorical questions used to express a challenge or a criticism (chapters 8, 9). The main results of the study are that: the structure [QkSV] has declined since the 1990s, the [SVQ] structure can be used for rhetorical questions, the qu’est-ce que rhetorical question expresses a strong face threatening act and is more direct than a rhetorical question in pourquoi which can be ambiguous. The representation of Multicultural French spoken in these films shows an increase in the use of some syntactic features compared to traditional Popular French. However, this observation cannot allow us to claim that they are two distinct varieties in terms of their syntax

La cohésion dans les textes narratifs : analyse d’un corpus d’apprenants

In this paper, we propose the study of the cohesion in the narrative texts written by B2 and C1 level learners of French as a FL. We will focus on the sentence connectors. We will analyse different parameters such as the frequency and variety of connectors used. We will then focus on some unexpected uses found in the learner corpus Corpus-CFLE. Our aim is to study the students’ narrative productions and their knowledge in the use of specific connector according to the type of the text produced.In this paper, we propose the study of the cohesion in the narrative texts written by B2 and C1 level learners of French as a FL. We will focus on the sentence connectors. We will analyse different parameters such as the frequency and variety of connectors used. We will then focus on some unexpected uses found in the learner corpus Corpus-CFLE. Our aim is to study the students’ narrative productions and their knowledge in the use of specific connector according to the type of the text produced

La ville marocaine vue par les voyageurs européens

The experience of otherness is essentially sensed through space. In their peregrinations, European travelers and ambassadors give us, through the centuries, different glances on the Moroccan city. The image of the Other goes first through the descriptive mode. It would probably be necessary to see in the descriptions of the Moroccan cities, a form of speech, whichis regarded as the catalyst of reactions at the receiver. The description is a place of silence that should be questioned in viaticum writing. It reveals a difference that will be constructed in terms of the gap with the world of the narrator. Moroccan cities, as reported in travel narratives, are in fact only the montage of the image of the Other. This is the other side of the otherness that is given to see and by a report of metonymy, the narrators also stage their own visions and their own subjectivities. The image of spatiality in the Other which, by a process of comparison in hollow, reflects the image of the spatiality of oneself, because to say the Other also consists in situating it in relation to oneself and to a frameof reference whose space is part and parcel. To think about this issue, we opted for a viaticum consisting of three travel narratives, where two major cities no less important in Moroccan history are given to see: Meknes and Tangier. These stories date back to 1714, 1789, and 1875, respectively. The first is entitled History of the reign of Moulay Ismaïl written by Dominique Busnot. The second relation Voyage in the empire of Morocco and the kingdom of Fez, is written by a British doctor, William Lemprière. The third account, MOROCCO, is written by an Italian M. Edmondo De Amicis (1875); he was translated from Italian by Henri Belle.L’expérience de l’altérité est ressentie essentiellement à travers l’espace. Dans leurs pérégrinations, les voyageurs et les ambassadeurs européens livrent, à travers les siècles, différents regards sur la ville marocaine. L’image de l’Autre passe d’abord par le biais du mode descriptif. Il faudrait, sans doute, voir dans les descriptions des villes marocaines une forme de discours qui se veut catalyseur de réactions chez le récepteur. La description est un lieu de silence qu’il faudrait interroger dans l’écriture viatique. Elle révèle une différence qui va se construire en termes d’écart avec le monde du narrateur. Les villes marocaines, telles qu’elles sont rapportées dans les récits de voyage, ne sont, en fait, que le montage de l’image de l’Autre. C’est l’Autre revers de l’altérité qui est donné à voir et par un rapport de métonymie, les narrateurs mettent en scène également leurs propres visions et leurs propres subjectivités. L’image de la spatialité chez l’Autre réfléchit, par un processus de comparaison en creux, l’image de la spatialité de soi, car dire l’Autre consiste aussi à le situer par rapport à soi et par rapport à un système de références dont l’espace fait partie. Pour penser cet enjeu, nous avons opté pour un corpus viatique composé de trois récits de voyage, où deux grandes villes, non moins importantes dans l’histoire marocaine, sont données à voir : Meknès et Tanger. Ces récits datent respectivement de 1714, 1789,1875. Le premier est intitulé Histoire du règne de Moulay Ismaïl écrit par Dominique Busnot1. La deuxième relation Voyage dans l’empire de Maroc et au royaume de Fez, est rédigée par un médecin britannique, William Lemprière2. Le troisième récit, Le Maroc, est écrit par un Italien M. Edmondo De Amicis3 ; il a été traduit de l’italien par Henri Belle

Procédés de validation dans les récits d’ambassade marocains du XVIIe et XVIIIe s.

Dans les récits d’ambassade marocain du 17° et 18° siècles, il est question de représenter une image de l’Autre. Si la validation de cette image est établie, l’ambassadeur arrive également à faire parvenir un message qu’il ne peut exprimer ouvertement à son récepteur, qui est le roi. L’image disqualifiée de l’Infidèle, surtout au niveau éthique, est facile à forger, disons même qu’elle existe déjà dans l’imaginaire collectif musulman et n’a nul besoin d’être esquissée, précisée ou même transmise. Mais lorsqu’il s’agit de présenter l’autre revers inattendu de cette image – disons pour l’instant redoutable – la tâche sera difficile. Il n’est pas aisé, en effet, de reconnaître à l’Infidèle une quelconque suprématie, ni de lui témoigner un quelconque mérite auprès du commandeur des croyants. Nous allons nous interroger sur les procédés d’authentifications et donc de validation  mis en œuvre dans ce type de récits qui favorisent cette transition d’un regard négateur vers un regard qui tente prudemment de reconnaître à l’Autre une certaine puissance

The nuclear track detector CR39: results from different experiments

The nuclear track detector CR39 was calibrated with different ions of different energies. Due to the low detection threshold (Z/beta~6e) and the good charge resolution (sigma_Z ~ 0.2e for 6e < Z/beta <83e with 2 measurements), the detector was used for different purposes: (i) fragmentation of high and medium energy ions; (ii) search for magnetic monopoles, nuclearites, strangelets and Q-balls in the cosmic radiation.Comment: 4 pages, 5 eps figures. Invited talk at the 11th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors, Siena, Italy, 1-4 October 200

La présence de l’auteur dans les rapports de stage : pratiques et formation de formateurs

In the last three decades there has been an increasing interest in the study of the interaction between the author and the reader in written texts. In this paper, we propose to focus on the analysis of the authorial presence in the internship reports. To this end, we analysed a corpus of L1 French students’ internship reports. The occurrences of JE, NOUS and ON allowed us to establish a list of different functions of these pronouns by observing how trainee-writers are using these three pronouns. These observations enabled us to put forward certain hypotheses concerning training of the future language teachers

La conscience et l’autoconscience des futurs formateurs de FLE dans le développement de la compétence interculturelle

In this paper, we analyse the degree of awareness and self-awareness of future teachers of French as a foreign language in teaching intercultural competence. To do so, we study extracts of students’ books created by the Master students themselves where the intercultural competence is developed. We realise that future Masters students are generally well aware of the need for intercultural mediation, however some of them focus on descriptive aspects of their culture rather than adopting a mediator posture, indeed they tend to describe and explain a cultural phenomenon rather than encouraging its interpretation and understanding.In this paper, we analyse the awareness and self-awareness of future trainers of French as a foreign language in teaching intercultural competence. To do so, we study extracts of students’ books created by MA students, where intercultural competence is developed. We realise that future master’s students are generally aware of the need for intercultural mediation, however some of them focus on descriptive aspects of their culture rather than adopting a mediator’s posture. In fact, they tend to describe and explain a cultural phenomenon rather than encouraging its interpretation and understandin