Plasma concentration of 36 (poly)phenols and prospective body weight change in participants from the EPIC cohort.

Introduction: Dietary intake of (poly)phenols has been linked to reduced adiposity and body weight (BW) in several epidemiological studies. However, epidemiological evidence on (poly)phenol biomarkers, particularly plasma concentrations, is scarce. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma (poly)phenols and prospective BW change in participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods: This study included 761 participants with data on BW at baseline and after 5 years of follow-up. Plasma concentrations of 36 (poly)phenols were measured at baseline using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations were assessed through general linear mixed models and multinomial logistic regression models, using change in BW as a continuous or as a categorical variable (BW loss, maintenance, gain), respectively. Plasma (poly)phenols were assessed as log2-transformed continuous variables. The false discovery rate (FDR) was used to control for multiple comparisons. Results: Doubling plasma (poly)phenol concentrations showed a borderline trend towards a positive association with BW loss. Plasma vanillic acid showed the strongest association (-0.53 kg/5 years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.99, -0.07). Similar results were observed for plasma naringenin comparing BW loss versus BW maintenance (odds ratio: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2). These results did not remain significant after FDR correction. Conclusion: Higher concentrations of plasma (poly)phenols suggested a tendency towards 5-year BW maintenance or loss. While certain associations seemed promising, they did not withstand FDR correction, indicating the need for caution in interpreting these results. Further studies using (poly)phenol biomarkers are needed to confirm these suggestive protective trends. Keywords: Body weight; Cohort; EPIC; Nutritional biomarker; Plasma (poly)phenol

An epidemiological approach of the relationships between sugars, glycemic index, glycemic load, artificial sweenteners and risk of cancer

Plusieurs effets délétères du sucre sont établis (obésité, maladies cardiovasculaires, diabète…) mais son rôle sur le cancer n'est pas clairement défini. Le sucre pourrait représenter un facteur de risque, par des mécanismes liés au statut pondéral mais aussi indépendamment : élévation de la glycémie, inflammation, etc. Par ailleurs la carcinogénicité des édulcorants artificiels a été suggérée par des études expérimentales mais les données sur l'Homme sont insuffisantes. Plusieurs études épidémiologiques se sont penchées sur les boissons édulcorées mais aucune n'a considéré les édulcorants de toutes sources alimentaires. Leurs associations avec les maladies cardiovasculaires ont aussi été suggérées mais les données humaines sont insuffisantes. Cette thèse s'articule autour du sucre et des édulcorants, et de leurs associations avec le cancer. Les sujets abordés concernent les sucres totaux/ajoutés (par type et par source), l'index et la charge glycémiques, les FODMAP et les édulcorants. En outre, le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires a été étudié en relation avec l'exposition aux édulcorants. Nos travaux ont identifié dans le cadre de la cohorte NutriNet-Santé (n>100 000) des associations entre les expositions liées à la consommation de sucre et le risque de cancer (cancer du sein en particulier) ainsi qu'entre l'exposition aux édulcorants et le risque de cancer et de maladies cardiovasculaires. La consommation de sucre pourrait donc représenter un facteur de risque modifiable pour la prévention primaire des cancers. En outre, ces travaux fournissent de nouvelles données sur les édulcorants artificiels, en cours de réévaluation par l'EFSA et considérés de près par l'OMS.Several deleterious health effects of sugar are established (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes...) but its role on cancer remains unclear. Sugar could represent a risk factor, through to weight status related mechanisms but also independently: elevation of blood sugar, inflammation, etc.In addition, the carcinogenicity of artificial sweeteners has been suggested by experimental studies but human data is lacking. Several epidemiological studies have looked at artificially sweetened beverages but none has considered artifcial sweeteners from all food sources. Their associations with cardiovascular diseases have also been suggested but human data are insufficient.This thesis focuses on sugar and artificial sweeteners and their associations with cancer. Topics include total/added sugars (sugar types and sources), glycemic index/load, FODMAPs and artificial sweeteners. The risk of cardiovascular disease in relation to artificial sweetener exposure has also been studied.Based on the NutriNet-Santé cohort (n>100,000) we identified associations between sugar-related exposures and cancer risk (breast cancer in particular), as well as between artificial sweeteners and cancer and cardiovascular disease risks.Sugar consumption could therefore represent a modifiable risk factor for primary cancer prevention. In addition, this work provides new data on artificial sweeteners, which are currently being re-evaluated by EFSA and closely considered by the WHO

Approche épidémiologique des relations entre sucres, index et charge glycémiques, édulcorants et risques de cancer

Several deleterious health effects of sugar are established (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes...) but its role on cancer remains unclear. Sugar could represent a risk factor, through to weight status related mechanisms but also independently: elevation of blood sugar, inflammation, etc.In addition, the carcinogenicity of artificial sweeteners has been suggested by experimental studies but human data is lacking. Several epidemiological studies have looked at artificially sweetened beverages but none has considered artifcial sweeteners from all food sources. Their associations with cardiovascular diseases have also been suggested but human data are insufficient.This thesis focuses on sugar and artificial sweeteners and their associations with cancer. Topics include total/added sugars (sugar types and sources), glycemic index/load, FODMAPs and artificial sweeteners. The risk of cardiovascular disease in relation to artificial sweetener exposure has also been studied.Based on the NutriNet-Santé cohort (n>100,000) we identified associations between sugar-related exposures and cancer risk (breast cancer in particular), as well as between artificial sweeteners and cancer and cardiovascular disease risks.Sugar consumption could therefore represent a modifiable risk factor for primary cancer prevention. In addition, this work provides new data on artificial sweeteners, which are currently being re-evaluated by EFSA and closely considered by the WHO.Plusieurs effets délétères du sucre sont établis (obésité, maladies cardiovasculaires, diabète…) mais son rôle sur le cancer n'est pas clairement défini. Le sucre pourrait représenter un facteur de risque, par des mécanismes liés au statut pondéral mais aussi indépendamment : élévation de la glycémie, inflammation, etc. Par ailleurs la carcinogénicité des édulcorants artificiels a été suggérée par des études expérimentales mais les données sur l'Homme sont insuffisantes. Plusieurs études épidémiologiques se sont penchées sur les boissons édulcorées mais aucune n'a considéré les édulcorants de toutes sources alimentaires. Leurs associations avec les maladies cardiovasculaires ont aussi été suggérées mais les données humaines sont insuffisantes. Cette thèse s'articule autour du sucre et des édulcorants, et de leurs associations avec le cancer. Les sujets abordés concernent les sucres totaux/ajoutés (par type et par source), l'index et la charge glycémiques, les FODMAP et les édulcorants. En outre, le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires a été étudié en relation avec l'exposition aux édulcorants. Nos travaux ont identifié dans le cadre de la cohorte NutriNet-Santé (n>100 000) des associations entre les expositions liées à la consommation de sucre et le risque de cancer (cancer du sein en particulier) ainsi qu'entre l'exposition aux édulcorants et le risque de cancer et de maladies cardiovasculaires. La consommation de sucre pourrait donc représenter un facteur de risque modifiable pour la prévention primaire des cancers. En outre, ces travaux fournissent de nouvelles données sur les édulcorants artificiels, en cours de réévaluation par l'EFSA et considérés de près par l'OMS

(Inter)languaging: an integrative approach to language in its communicative habitat

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Sugary Drinks, Artificially-Sweetened Beverages, and Cardiovascular Disease in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort

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Public perception of the tax on sweetened beverages in France

International audienceObjective: To assess in 2021 the acceptance and perception of the French tax on sweetened beverages, following its revision in 2018, and factors associated with a higher level of acceptance.Design: A cross-sectional survey within the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Participants were invited to complete a self-reported questionnaire in March 2021. Weighting was applied to the sample to allow inferences on the French population. Individual characteristics associated with support for the tax were investigated using logistic regression modelling. Settings: NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort study. Participants: Adults engaged in the NutriNet-Santé cohort, aged 18 or older (n = 28,344), living in mainland France.Results: Almost two thirds (63.4%) of the participants were aware of the existence of a tax on sweetened beverages, although less than a quarter had specific knowledge regarding its design and the 2018 revision. In turn; 64.7% of participants expressed a favourable opinion toward the taxation scheme. This proportion was higher if tax revenues were used to finance health-related measures (respectively 68.8% of favourable opinion if used to finance a reduction in prices of healthy products and 76.4% if used to finance the healthcare system). Multivariable analyses showed that support toward the tax varied among sub-groups of the population. Groups who tended to be less financially affected by the measure and those who perceived sugar-sweetened beverages as having detrimental effects were more likely to support the tax.Conclusion: The revised French sugar-sweetened beverage tax appeared to be favourably received and perceived by the public

A Comparison of Sugar Intake between Individuals with High and Low Trait Anxiety: Results from the NutriNet-Santé Study

International audience(1) Background: Dietary carbohydrates are likely correlated with mental health in general, and with anxiety in particular. Our aim was to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between trait anxiety and carbohydrate (especially sugar) intake in a large sample derived from the general French population. (2) Methods: The analyses included 20,231 non-diabetic adults enrolled in the NutriNet-Santé e-cohort, who had completed the trait anxiety subscale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-STAI, 2013–2016) and who were subsequently divided into high and low trait anxiety groups (T-STAI cut-off of 40 points). Sugar-rich food and macronutrient intake was calculated from ≥3 self-administered 24-h dietary records. The association between trait anxiety and carbohydrate intake was evaluated by ANCOVA according to age category (<45 and ≥45 years). (3) Results: In the full sample, 7942 (39.3%) individuals fell into the high trait anxiety category. They were more likely to be women (82.2% versus 69.2%; p < 0.0001) and younger (mean age 51.6 versus 55.1 years; p < 0.0001) compared to the low trait anxiety group. In fully-adjusted models, high-anxiety individuals aged under 45 years had significantly higher mean consumption of added simple sugars (43.9 versus 42.3 g/d; p < 0.0007), whereas those aged over 45 years with high trait anxiety had significantly lower mean consumption of fruit (214.0 versus 219.5 g/d; p < 0.02) compared to their low-anxiety counterparts. (4) Conclusions: This cross-sectional study revealed modest age-specific associations between anxiety status and sugar intake among adults. Prospective studies with representative samples are needed to explore potential bi-directionality of the observed associations

Associations of overall and specific carbohydrate intake with anxiety status evolution in the prospective NutriNet-Santé population-based cohort

Abstract We investigated the association between carbohydrate intake and anxiety evolution within the general-population NutriNet-Santé cohort (N = 15,602; 73.8% female; mean age = 53.8y; mean follow-up = 5.4y). Carbohydrate intake was estimated at baseline from ≥ 2 24-h dietary records. Trait anxiety (STAI-T) was measured once at baseline (2013–2016) and once at follow-up (2020), resulting in 4 groups: “None” = absence of high anxiety (STAI-T > 40 points) at any time point; “Transient” = high anxiety only at baseline; “Onset at follow-up” = high anxiety only at follow-up; “Persistent” = high anxiety at baseline and follow-up. Polytomous logistic regression models revealed that sweetened beverage intake was associated with higher odds of “Transient” anxiety (OR Q4vsQ1 = 1.11; 95% CI 1.02–1.21). Intake of complex carbohydrates (OR Q4vsQ1 = 1.12; 1.01–1.25) was associated with higher odds of anxiety “Onset at follow-up.” The % energy from carbohydrates (OR Q4vsQ1 = 1.11; 1.03–1.19), intakes of total carbohydrates (OR Q4vsQ1 = 1.10; 1.03–1.18) and complex carbohydrates (OR Q4vsQ1 = 1.09; 1.02–1.17) were associated with higher odds of “Persistent” anxiety, whereas 100% fruit juice intake showed lower odds of “Persistent” anxiety (OR Q4vsQ1 = 0.87; 0.81–0.94). This prospective study found significant associations between dietary carbohydrate intake and anxiety status evolution among French adults. The findings could help inform dietary interventions aimed at anxiety prevention and management

Synthèse narrative sur le lien entre les apports en glucides et la santé mentale : focus sur l’anxiété et l’insomnie chez les adultes

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Multimodal approaches to meaning-making in family dinners

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