La importancia del desayuno en los niños. Programa de educación para la salud

Introducción: El desayuno es una comida muy importante en la infancia. Desayunar conlleva a hábitos alimentarios más saludables y mejora la calidad de la dieta total. Además su omisión incrementa el riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad, ingesta de alimentos de menor valor nutricional y patrones de ingesta irregulares. Un desayuno de buena calidad influye positivamente en el desarrollo, en el rendimiento físico y cognitivo en los niños y en la prevención de futuras enfermedades. Para lograr esto, el desayuno debe estar compuesto por frutas, lácteos y cereales, evitando alimentos ricos en azúcares y grasas que pueden ser un factor de riesgo para la población. Los hábitos que se adquieren en la infancia y pre- adolescencia tienen gran transcendencia en la calidad de vida en el adulto. Objetivo principal: Elaborar un programa de educación para la salud dirigido a madres y padres de niños entre 0 y 12 años, donde se garantice la actuación de enfermería con el fin de mejorar la calidad de desayuno en escolares. Metodología: En base a la búsqueda bibliográfica realizada, se ha elaborado un programa de educación para la salud dirigido a padres y madres de niños entre 0 y 12 años. Conclusiones: Al haber un gran porcentaje de niños que toma un desayuno incompleto, de baja calidad nutricional o que incluso lo omiten de manera cada vez más habitual, los profesionales de la salud deben proporcionar a las familias la información necesaria para realizar una adecuada praxis. Un desayuno deficiente afecta al desarrollo, al rendimiento, o facilitar la aparición de enfermedades. <br /

Scientific Publications in Dentistry in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia Between 1996 and 2018: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study aimed to determine the number and quality of scientific publications in dentistry from the Baltic countries of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia between 1996 and 2018 using bibliometric analysis. Web of Science and Scopus were searched to identify scientific publications in dentistry between 1996 and 2018 by authors from centers in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The annual number of scientific publications, citation rate, and h-index for each publication, and trends in international co-authorship were investigated by country and institution. There were 651 scientific publications in dentistry between 1996 and 2018, by authors from Lithuania (280 publications), Latvia (210 publications), and Estonia (161 publications). Publications from Estonia were ranked highest in qualitative terms (citation rate and h-index), followed by Lithuania, and Latvia. Of 28 authors with at least ten publications, 54% were Lithuanian (15 authors), 25% were Estonian (7 authors), and 21% were Latvian (6 authors). Estonian authors collaborated mainly with Finland (27 publications), Latvian authors with the USA (16 publications), and Lithuanian authors with Canada (26 publications). Most publications came from the academic institutions of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (136 publications), the University of Tartu (109 publications), Vilnius University (101 publications), and Riga Stradins University (28 publications). During the past 22 years, authors from Lithuania had the most publications in the field of dentistry, and authors from Estonia had the most cited publications. Authors mainly published in native journals and collaborated with authors in Scandinavia and North America

Evaluation of scientific output in Dentistry in Spanish Universities

The aim of this study was to assess the scientific output of Spanish universities that offer a bachelor?s degree in dentistry through the use of various bibliometric indicators. A total of 21 universities offered a bachelor?s degree in dentistry in academic year 2016-2017. The search for papers published by authors associated with these institutions was carried out using the selection of journals listed in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and the Web of Knowledge database for the period 1986-2017. On the basis of these data, we determined the output, the h-, g- and hg-indexes, the most productive authors, international collaborations, and the most relevant journals. Public universities obtained better results than private universities. The University of Valencia was ranked first, followed by the Complutense University of Madrid and the University of Granada. The most productive author was José Vicente Bagán, but the author with the highest h-index was Mariano Sanz and Manuel Toledado. The universities with the greatest output and highest citation rates had more international collaborations. The most developed fields in Spanish universities were Oral surgery, Oral medicine and Dental materials. The universities had different models of production. At universities such as Barcelona or Valencia, the production was focused on very few departments and authors. At the other extreme, the University of Granada had various sources of research and authors, which meant that its output and citation rate could increase more. University faculties must provide suitable academic and research training, and therefore must be assessed using objective criteria and bibliometric tools. Although the number of university schools and faculties that teach dentistry has increased, and particularly the number of private universities, there is no correlation between their quality and output and the number of places offered on their courses

Values reinforcement for college students: Their incidence in the municipality development agenda

The world is going through a great crisis of values, which shows the need to change the current model of formal education, in order to integrate programmatic contents that allow to build a world of values, raising the imminent need to reinforce them in higher education. As an objective, the values practiced by university students were analyzed, as well as their impact on the agenda for municipal development in Mexico, in order to generate strategies that allow them to reinforce them. It was carried out through a qualitative approach, making use of the in-depth interview and the descriptive method, employing phenomenology, based on a guide of 18 questions applied to 100 students, whose results were analyzed question-interview, emphasizing the recurrent answers, allowing students to carry out activities for municipal development through involvement in social work and social entrepreneurship projectsEl mundo atraviesa por una gran crisis de valores, lo cual evidencia la necesidad de cambiar el modelo vigente de educación formal, a fin de integrar contenidos programáticos que permitan construir un mundo de valores, planteando la inminente necesidad de reforzar éstos en la educación superior. Como objetivo se analizaron los va- lores practicados por estudiantes universitarios, así como su incidencia en la agenda para el desarrollo municipal en México, a fin de generar estrategias que les permitan re- forzarlos. Se llevó a cabo mediante un enfoque cualitativo, haciendo uso de la entrevista a profundidad y del método descriptivo, empleando la fenomenología, partiendo de una guía de 18 preguntas aplicadas a 100 estudiantes, cuyos resultados fueron analizados pregunta-entrevistados, haciendo hincapié en las respuestas recurrentes, dando pie a que los estudiantes realicen actividades para el desarrollo municipal mediante el involucramiento en labores socia- les y realización de proyectos de emprendimiento social

Eina d'ajuda a la presa de decisions compartides en anticoncepció: guia d’implementació

Anticoncepció; Assessorament contraceptiu; Presa de decisionsAnticoncepción; Asesoramiento contraceptivo; Toma de decisionesContraception; Contraceptive counseling; Decision makingLa present guia té com a objectiu facilitar la implementació d’aquesta eina als professionals de la salut que ofereixen assessorament contraceptiu. Les EAPD són intervencions dissenyades per ajudar en la presa de decisions específiques, tot detallant les diferents alternatives disponibles (diagnòstiques, terapèutiques o de prevenció), amb els seus avantatges i desavantatges. Incorporen elements que permeten a les persones manifestar els seus valors i preferències, facilitant així una decisió conjunta i acompanyada per professionals de salut.La presente guía tiene como objetivo facilitar la implementación de esta herramienta a los profesionales de la salud que ofrecen asesoramiento contraceptivo. Las EAPD son intervenciones diseñadas para ayudar en la toma de decisiones específicas, detallando las diferentes alternativas disponibles (diagnósticas, terapéuticas o de prevención), con sus ventajas y desventajas. Incorporan elementos que permiten a las personas manifestar sus valores y preferencias, facilitando así una decisión conjunta y acompañada por profesionales de salud.The aim of this guide is to facilitate the implementation of this tool for health professionals who offer contraceptive advice. EAPDs are interventions designed to help in making specific decisions, while detailing the different alternatives available (diagnostic, therapeutic or preventive), with their advantages and disadvantages. They incorporate elements that allow people to express their values and preferences, thus facilitating a joint decision accompanied by health professionals

Building and surroundings: thermal coupling

Energy building performance can be different according to outdoor conditions or urban environment, at the same time that this last assess, buildings are also affected by the building envelope, as obvious consequence of the thermal and Aeraulic coupling existing between the indoor and outdoor conditions in buildings. Thus, in this coupling is fundamental to typify the transmission phenomenon through the building envelope. Doing this, it is possible to estimate transmission heating losses and gains and also the superficial temperatures of the envelope. In order to assess the transient behaviour of the building envelope it is necessary to develop a predictive model, precise enough, to be integrated in a simulating tool. Detailed and multidimensional models, based in numerical methods, like Finite Element Method (FEM), has a high precision, but its complexity imply resources consumption and computational time, too high to be integrated in these kind of tools. On the contrary, simplified methods are good enough because they are simple and fast, with an acceptable precision in almost all the situations. The present work is focused: (a) Firstly, to develop a simplified RC-network model. The aim of the model is to characterize and to implement with precision the behaviour of a wall in a simulating software tool based on urban environment, (b) secondly, to express in form of equivalences, the different indoor and outdoor excitations that can exist in the building envelope, and (c) finally, to calibrate the simplified model through its characteristic parameters. For a homogeneous wall and two types of excitations, it has been obtained the characteristic parameters of the model that represent the better adjustment to the real wall. In a first step, it has been obtained the results of the proposal model and a reference model based on FEM, in terms of wall external surface heat flow. Results of both models have been compared, and the resultant characteristic parameters of the model have been obtained through an optimisation method. Results for the wall and for the excitations under analysis show: (1) Characteristic longitude ec, or capacitive node position, it is determined according to a certain value of Fo equal to 2 for both excitations, this value remains constant in time, (2) useful wall thickness, on the contrary, vary as time function, according to a logarithmic law for both excitations, although this function is different depending on the considered excitation, (3) using a constant excitation, coefficients from the previous logarithmic function depends on the range of the excitation, while these are practically independent of the lineal excitation gradient

The immunogenetic diversity of the HLA system in Mexico correlates with underlying population genetic structure

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) allele groups and alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in a total of 15,318 mixed ancestry Mexicans from all the states of the country divided into 78 sample sets, providing information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium, as well as admixture estimates and genetic substructure. We identified the presence of 4268 unique HLA extended haplotypes across Mexico and find that the ten most frequent (HF > 1%) HLA haplotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium (Δ’≥0.1) in Mexico (accounting for 20% of the haplotypic diversity of the country) are of primarily Native American ancestry (A*02~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*08~DQB1*04, A*68~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*14~DQB1*03:01, A*24~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*40:02~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*68~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*15:01~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02). Admixture estimates obtained by a maximum likelihood method using HLA-A/-B/-DRB1 as genetic estimators revealed that the main genetic components in Mexico as a whole are Native American (ranging from 37.8% in the northern part of the country to 81.5% in the southeastern region) and European (ranging from 11.5% in the southeast to 62.6% in northern Mexico). African admixture ranged from 0.0 to 12.7% not following any specific pattern. We were able to detect three major immunogenetic clusters correlating with genetic diversity and differential admixture within Mexico: North, Central and Southeast, which is in accordance with previous reports using genome-wide data. Our findings provide insights into the population immunogenetic substructure of the whole country and add to the knowledge of mixed ancestry Latin American population genetics, important for disease association studies, detection of demographic signatures on population variation and improved allocation of public health resources.Fil: Barquera, Rodrigo. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Hernández Zaragoza, Diana Iraíz. Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas A la Clínica (tgac); México. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Bravo Acevedo, Alicia. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Arrieta Bolaños, Esteban. Universitat Essen; AlemaniaFil: Clayton, Stephen. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; AlemaniaFil: Acuña Alonzo, Víctor. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia, Mexico; MéxicoFil: Martínez Álvarez, Julio César. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: López Gil, Concepción. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Adalid Sáinz, Carmen. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Vega Martínez, María del Rosario. Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad; MéxicoFil: Escobedo Ruíz, Araceli. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Juárez Cortés, Eva Dolores. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Immel, Alexander. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Christian Albrechts Universitat Zu Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Pacheco Ubaldo, Hanna. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: González Medina, Liliana. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Lona Sánchez, Abraham. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Lara Riegos, Julio. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán; MéxicoFil: Sánchez Fernández, María Guadalupe de Jesús. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Díaz López, Rosario. Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City; MéxicoFil: Guizar López, Gregorio Ulises. Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City; MéxicoFil: Medina Escobedo, Carolina Elizabeth. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Arrazola García, María Araceli. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Montiel Hernández, Gustavo Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Hernández Hernández, Ofelia. Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas a la Clínica ; MéxicoFil: Ramos de la Cruz, Flor del Rocío. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Juárez Nicolás, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; MéxicoFil: Pantoja Torres, Jorge Arturo. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Rodríguez Munguía, Tirzo Jesús. Hospital General Norberto Treviño Zapata; MéxicoFil: Juárez Barreto, Vicencio. Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; MéxicoFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentin

Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of second neoplasms in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia:the PETHEMA-PALG experience

The most important challenges in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is preventing early death and reducing long-term events, such as second neoplasms (s-NPLs). We performed a retrospective analysis of 2670 unselected APL patients, treated with PETHEMA “chemotherapy based” and “chemotherapy free” protocols. Only de novo APL patients who achieved complete remission (CR) and completed the three consolidation cycles were enrolled into the analysis. Out of 2670 APL patients, there were 118 (4.4%) who developed s-NPLs with the median latency period (between first CR and diagnosis of s-NPL) of 48.0 months (range 2.8–231.1): 43.3 (range: 2.8–113.9) for s-MDS/AML and 61.7 (range: 7.1–231.1) for solid tumour. The 5-year CI of all s-NPLs was of 4.43% and 10 years of 7.92%. Among s-NPLs, there were 58 cases of s-MDS/AML, 3 cases of other hematological neoplasms, 57 solid tumours and 1 non-identified neoplasm. The most frequent solid tumour was colorectal, lung and breast cancer. Overall, the 2-year OS from diagnosis of s-NPLs was 40.6%, with a median OS of 11.1 months. Multivariate analysis identified age of 35 years (hazard ratio = 0.2584; p &lt; 0.0001) as an independent prognostic factor for s-NPLs. There were no significant differences in CI of s-NPLs at 5 years between chemotherapy-based vs chemotherapy-free regimens (hazard ratio = 1.09; p = 0.932). Larger series with longer follow-up are required to confirm the potential impact of ATO+ATRA regimens to reduce the incidence of s-NPLs after front-line therapy for APL.</p

Comisión Interinstitucional para el Fomento de la Empresariedad de las Mujeres

Los objetivos de la Comisión de Empresariedad de las Mujeres son: 1. Diseñar y promover la ejecución de una estrategia de intervención interinstitucional, para mejorar la situación y condición de las mujeres en Costa Rica, a partir su acceso a los recursos y servicios productivos. 2. Elaborar un marco común de referencia conceptual, basado en la relación entre los enfoques de género, empresariedad y territorialidad como norte teórico. 3. Promover el uso interinstitucional de un único conjunto de instrumentos para el diagnóstico productivo y el diseño de proyectos empresariales con enfoque de género, que sean de utilidad para funcionarios y funcionarias públicas y privadas del sector productivo nacional