In-vitro Activity Of N,n-dimethyl-2-propen-1-amines Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis [9]

[No abstract available]42340740

Efecto del extracto acuoso de tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus L. en la propagación por esquejes de Jatropha curcas L.

RESUMENEste estudio se realizó en la UNESP de campus de Isla Solteira - São Paulo (Brasil), en condiciones de invernadero bajo condiciones controladas. El objetivo fue estudiar la inducción de enraizamiento de esquejes de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) mediante la aplicación de diferentes concentraciones de extractos acuosos de tubérculos de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) en comparación con la aplicación de la auxina sintética Ácido indolbutírico (AIB). El experimento fue instalado en 15/10/2011, utilizando un diseño experimental completamente al azar con 4 tratamientos (tubérculos de pinhão-manso 25g por 0,5 L; 1,0 L y 1,5 L de agua destilada. Ácido indolbutírico en polvo en una concentración de 1000 ppm) con un testigo. Se realizó el experimento con tres repeticiones por tratamiento y 10 esquejes por repetición, por un total de 150 esquejes. Los esquejes de pinhão-manso se estandarizaron con 10 cm de largo y 6.9 mm de diámetro. Posteriormente se sumergieron en los extractos de tiririca durante 30 minutos y se luego fue incorporada la auxina sintética en polvo (AIB) en la base de los esquejes. El plantío fue realizado en recipientes con substrato. 60 días después de la instalación del experimento se evaluó el porcentaje de esquejes enraizados, número de raíces por cada esqueje, longitud máxima raíz emitida por esquejes y el peso de la masa de materia fresa seca de las raíces. Se concluyó que el extracto acuoso tiririca en la concentración de 25g por 1.5L de agua destilada proporciono el mayor porcentaje de esquejes enraizados; sin embargo la AIB en la concentración de 1000 ppm proporciono raíces en mayor número y más vigorosa. RESUMOEste trabalho foi realizado na UNESP de Ilha Solteira – São Paulo (Brasil), em casa de vegetação, sob condições controladas. O objetivo foi estudar a indução do enraizamento de estacas de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) com a aplicação de diferentes concentrações de extratos aquosos de tubérculos de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) em comparação com a aplicação de auxina sintética (ácido indolbutírico). O experimento foi instalado no dia 15/10/2011, utilizando delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados nos 4 tratamentos (25g de tubérculos de tiririca por 0,5 L, 1,0 L e 1,5 L de água destilada. E AIB em pó, na concentração de 1000 ppm) e testemunha, com três repetições por tratamento e 10 estacas por repetição, totalizando 150 estacas. As estacas de pinhão-manso foram padronizadas com 10 cm de comprimento e 6 a 9 mm de diâmetro. Posteriormente foram imersas nos extratos de tiririca por 30 minutos, e aplicado auxina sintética, AIB em pó, na base das estacas. O plantio foi em jardineiras contendo substrato. Aos 60 dias após a instalação do experimento, foram avaliadas a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número de raízes por estaca, comprimento da maior raiz emitida por estacas, e massa da matéria fresca e seca das raízes. Concluiu-se que o extrato aquoso de tiririca na diluição 25g por 1,5L de água destilada, proporcionou maior porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, porém o AIB 1000 ppm produziu raízes em maior número e mais vigorosas. AbstractThis study was conducted at UNESP of Single Island - Sao Paulo (Brazil), in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. The aim was to study the induction of rooting pinhão-manso Jatropha curcas L. by applying different concentrations of aqueous extracts of tiririca Cyperus rotundus L. compared with the application of synthetic auxin (IBA). The experiment was installed on 15/10/2011, using completely randomized experimental design in 4 treatments (25g nutsedge tubers by 0.5 L, 1.0 L and 1.5 L of distilled water. And AIB powder, at 1000 ppm) and control with three replicates per treatment and 10 cuttings per replication, totaling 150 cuttings. The pinhão-manso cuttings were standardized with 10 cm long and 6-9 mm in diameter. Subsequently they were immersed in sedge extracts for 30 minutes and applied synthetic auxin, AIB powder at the base of the cuttings. The plantation was in bib containing substrate. 60 days after the installation of the experiment were evaluated the percentage of rooting, number of roots per cutting, length of roots emitted by cuttings, and fresh weight and dry roots. It was concluded that the aqueous extract of sedge dilution 25g for 1.5L of distilled water showed higher percentage of rooted cuttings, but IBA 1000 ppm produced roots in greater numbers and more vigorous

Acceleration of Suzuki-Miyaura- and Stille-type coupling reactions by near UV-A light irradiation

Irradiation of a palladium catalyst bearing UV-A-absorbing phosphine ligands with low-intensity UV-A light leads to higher conversions of reactants at lower temperatures and an increased selectivity towards the cross-coupling product in Suzuki-Miyaura- and Stille-type reactions. The examples studied illustrate that a selective energy input into the catalyst by irradiation leads to more selective conversions under milder reaction conditions. With the availability of affordable and energy-efficient UV-A LED light sources, selective heating of the catalyst by light can be envisaged as a general strategy to increase the performance of a catalyst

Standardized production of a homogeneous latex enzyme source overcoming seasonality and microenvironmental variables

Calotropis procera produces a milky sap containing proteolytic enzymes. At low concentrations, they induce milk-clotting (60 µg/ml) and to dehair hides (0.05 and 0.1%). A protocol for obtaining the enzymes is reported. The latex was mixed with distilled water and the mixture was cleaned through centrifugation. It was dialyzed with distilled water and centrifuged again to recover the soluble fraction [EP]. The dialyze is a key feature of the process. EP was characterized in terms of protein profile, chemical stability, among other criteria. Wild plants belonging to ten geographic regions and grown in different ecological conditions were used as latex source. Collections were carried out, spaced at three-month, according to the seasons at the site of the study. Proteolytic activity was measured as an internal marker and for determining stability of the samples. EP was also analyzed for metal content and microbiology. EP showed similar magnitude of proteolysis, chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles of proteins. Samples stored at 25 °C exhibited reduced solubility (11%) and proteolytic capacity (11%) after six months. Enzyme autolysis was negligible. Microbiological and metal analyses revealed standard quality of all the samples tested. EP induced milk clotting and hide dehairing after storage for up to six months.Fil: Rios Silveiraa, Sandro. Universidade Federal do Ceara; BrasilFil: Alves Coelhoa, Raphael. Universidade Federal do Ceara; BrasilFil: Ferraz e Sousaa, Brandon. Universidade Federal do Ceara; BrasilFil: Soares de Oliveira, Jefferson. Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba; BrasilFil: Lopez, Laura Maria Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Cuero. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Centíficas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Cuero; ArgentinaFil: Moreira Lima Filhod, José Vitor. Universidad Federal Rural Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Vieira Rocha Júnior, Pedro Abílio. Universidade Federal do Ceara; BrasilFil: Pereira de Souzaa, Diego. Universidade Federal do Ceara; BrasilFil: Teixeira de Freitas Cléverson Diniz. Universidade Federal do Ceara; BrasilFil: Viana Ramos, Marcio. Universidade Federal do Ceara; Brasi

Evaluation of ionospheric models for Central and South Americas

This work shows a 20-month statistical evaluation of different Total Electron Content (TEC) estimators for the Central and South America regions. The TEC provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS) in the area covered around the monitoring GNSS stations are used as reference values, and they are compared to TEC estimates from the physics-based (Sheffield University Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model—PIM) and the empirical (Neustrelitz TEC Model-Global—NTCM-GL) models. The mean TEC values show strong dependence on both solar activity and seasonal variation. A clear response was noticed for a period close to 27 days due to the mean solar rotation, as seen in the solar flux measurements. Consistently, the mean TEC values present an annual variation with maxima during December solstices for southern stations with geographic latitudes greater than 25 S. Semi-annual dependence has been observed in TEC for the sector between 25 of geographical latitude but with modulations caused by fluctuation in the solar radiation. We observed a high correlation between solar radio flux F10.7 and NTCM-GL outputs. The fast increases in F10.7 index have caused significant differences between IGS data and NTCM-GL results mainly for equatorial and low latitudes. For the initial months of the evaluated period (January–April, 2016), the errors of the physics-based model were considerably larger, mainly near the equatorial ionization anomaly. The discrepancies observed in SUPIM results are mainly due to inputs of solar EUV flux. The EUVAC model has underestimated EUV flux between January and April, 2016, when the solar activity was moderated and Solar2000 model has overestimated such flux during low solar cycle period between May and August, 2017. In relation to IGS data, the two assessed models presented smaller differences during the June solstice season of 2016

Unambiguous regiochemical assignment of sulfoquinovosyl mono- and diacylglycerols in parsley and spinach leaves by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization sequential mass spectrometry assisted by regioselective enzymatic hydrolysis

Rationale: Sulfoquinovosylmonoglycerides (SQMG) and sulfoquinovosyldiglycerides (SQDG) in the lipid extracts of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves were investigated. The aim of this work was to assess and establish the chemical characterization of fatty acyl chains in sulfolipids (SQMG and SQDG) and their regiochemistry. Methods: A key component of this approach is a combination of hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by Lecitase® Ultra, which is a sn1-regioselective hydrolase enzyme, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and sequential mass spectrometry (RPLC/ESI-MS) by collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MSn (n = 2, 3). Results: The occurrence of SQMG bearing 16:0 or 18:3 acyl chains was established for the first time. A regiochemistry-dependent fragmentation pattern of SQMG was attained whereby the sulfoquinovosyl anion ([C6H11O8S]â\u88\u92 at m/z 243.0) provides a diagnostic product ion. Regioselective enzymatic treatment also provided a posteriori confirmation of a widely accepted fragmentation rule for SQDG. The sulfoquinovosyl anion was found to play a role also in the fragmentation pattern of SQDG, whose regiochemical assignment could be ultimately confirmed by MS3 experiments. Conclusions: The predominant sulfolipid in leaf extracts of raw parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was identified as SQDG 18:3/16:0, along with SQMG 18:3/0:0 and SQMG 16:0/0:0. The present CID-MS-based method can be considered a successful approach to validate the regiochemical characterization of sulfolipids paving the way for their unambiguous characterization