Competencias en enfermeras especialistas y en enfermeras de práctica avanzada

10 p.Objetivo: Analizar la distribución de competencias avanzadas en enfermeras especialistas y enfermeras de práctica avanzada y evaluar su asociación con algunas características de superfil profesional.Método: Estudio transversal analítico multicéntrico. Se incluyeron enfermeras que ejercían como Enfermeras de Práctica Avanzada y enfermeras Especialistas. Se midió su nivel de competencias avanzadas percibidas, así como variables de caracterización profesional.Resultados: Doscientas setenta y siete enfermeras participaron (149 ejercían práctica avanzada y 128 especialistas), con una media de 13,88 (11,05) años como especialista y 10,48 (5,32) años como Enfermera de Práctica Avanzada. Un 28,8% tenía nivel de máster o doctorado. El 50,2% ejercía en atención primaria, el 24,9% en hospitales y el 22,7% en salud mental. El nivel global autopercibido fue elevado en las distintas competencias, siendo las dimensiones más bajas las de investigación, práctica basada en la evidencia, gestión de la calidad y seguridad y liderazgo y consultoría. Las Enfermeras de Práctica Avanzada obtuvieron mayor nivel competencial de forma global y en las dimensiones de liderazgo y consultoría, relaciones interprofesionales, gestión de cuidados y promoción de salud. No hubo diferencias en función de la experiencia o la posesión de nivel de máster o de doctorado. En las Enfermeras de Práctica Avanzada el contexto de práctica no influía en los niveles competenciales, aunque en las enfermeras especialistas sí, a favor de las que ejercían en salud mental.Conclusiones: Las enfermeras especialistas y de práctica avanzada tienen competencias distintas que deberían ser gestionadas adecuadamente para el desarrollo de los servicios enfermeros avanzados y especializados

Implementation of a knowledge mobilization model to prevent peripheral venous catheter-related adverse events: PREBACP study-a multicenter cluster-randomized trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral venous catheters are the most commonly used invasive devices in hospitals worldwide. Patients can experience multiple adverse events during the insertion, maintenance, and management of these devices. Health professionals aim to resolve the challenges of care variability in the use of peripheral venous catheter through adherence to clinical practice guidelines. The aim of this cluster-randomized controlled trial is to determine the efficacy of a multimodal intervention on incidence of adverse events associated with the use of peripheral venous catheters in adult hospital patients. Additional aims are to analyze the fidelity of nurses and the relationship between contextual factors on the use of best available and the outcomes of the intervention. METHODS: Five public hospitals in the Spanish National Health System, with diverse profiles, including one university hospital and four second-level hospitals, will be included. In total, 20 hospitalization wards will be randomized for this study by ward to one of two groups. Those in the first group receive an intervention that lasts 12 months implementing evidence-based practice in healthcare related to peripheral catheters through a multimodal strategy, which will contain updated and poster protocols insertion, maintenance and removal of peripheral venous catheters, technologies applied to e-learning, feedback on the results, user and family information related to peripheral catheter, and facilitation of the best evidence by face-to-face training session. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of adverse events associated with the use of peripheral venous catheters is measured by assessing hospital records. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Nurses' adherence to clinical practice guidelines, clinical outcomes, and the cost of implementing the multimodal intervention. DISCUSSION: Clinical implementation is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon which requires a deep understanding of decision-making, knowledge mobilization, and sense making in routine clinical practice. Likewise, the inclusion of strategies that promote fidelity to recommendations through multicomponent and multimodal intervention must be encouraged. The use of a transfer model could counterbalance one of the greatest challenges for organizations, the evaluation of the impact of the implementation of evidence in the professional context through quality indicators associated with prevention and control of infections. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10438530 . Registered 20 March 2018

Effectiveness of Thrombectomy in Stroke According to Baseline Prognostic Factors: Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis of a Population-Based Registry

Background and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score 85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups' criteria). Results Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3). Conclusions Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors

TFG 2013/2014

Amb aquesta publicació, EINA, Centre universitari de Disseny i Art adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, dóna a conèixer el recull dels Treballs de Fi de Grau presentats durant el curs 2013-2014. Voldríem que un recull com aquest donés una idea més precisa de la tasca que es realitza a EINA per tal de formar nous dissenyadors amb capacitat de respondre professionalment i intel·lectualment a les necessitats i exigències de la nostra societat. El treball formatiu s’orienta a oferir resultats que responguin tant a paràmetres de rigor acadèmic i capacitat d’anàlisi del context com a l’experimentació i la creació de nous llenguatges, tot fomentant el potencial innovador del disseny.Con esta publicación, EINA, Centro universitario de diseño y arte adscrito a la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, da a conocer la recopilación de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado presentados durante el curso 2013-2014. Querríamos que una recopilación como ésta diera una idea más precisa del trabajo que se realiza en EINA para formar nuevos diseñadores con capacidad de responder profesional e intelectualmente a las necesidades y exigencias de nuestra sociedad. El trabajo formativo se orienta a ofrecer resultados que respondan tanto a parámetros de rigor académico y capacidad de análisis, como a la experimentación y la creación de nuevos lenguajes, al tiempo que se fomenta el potencial innovador del diseño.With this publication, EINA, University School of Design and Art, affiliated to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, brings to the public eye the Final Degree Projects presented during the 2013-2014 academic year. Our hope is that this volume might offer a more precise idea of the task performed by EINA in training new designers, able to speak both professionally and intellectually to the needs and demands of our society. The educational task is oriented towards results that might respond to the parameters of academic rigour and the capacity for contextual analysis, as well as to considerations of experimentation and the creation of new languages, all the while reinforcing design’s innovative potential

Factores que determinan la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia en enfermeras de hospital y atención primaria

[spa] La presente tesis establece el diagnóstico de los factores que los profesionales de enfermería perciben como facilitadores, para una práctica clínica basada en la evidencia (PCBE) en el Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares. Identificando posibles diferencias en función de las características de los profesionales y de los entornos en los que ejercen. En una primera fase se validaron los cuestionarios Evidence Based Parctice Questionnarie (EBPQ) y Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) al entorno español. En una segunda se procedió al diagnóstico mediante un estudio observacional transversal multicéntrico, tomando como población de estudio las 3.129 enfermeras de plantilla del Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares en 2009. La estrategia de análisis comprendió análisis exploratorio, análisis bivariante con pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas en función de la naturaleza de las distribuciones y multivariante, entre las principales variables del estudio y los factores de los cuestionarios PES-NWI y EBPQ.[eng] This study analyses factors that nursing professionals perceive as facilitators, as well as the influence of both, practice environment and different professional profiles, in the development of an evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP), in the Balearic Islands’ Health Service. The Evidence Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) and Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) had previously been validated to Spanish context. A second stage was carried out to obtain a diagnose through a multicentre, cross-sectional, observational study with 3,129 nurses in the Balearic Health Service in 2009. The analysis strategy included an descriptive and bivariated analysis with parametric and non-parametric tests, and a multivariate analysis with the main variables in the study and the factors in the EBPQ and PES-NWI questionnaires. Results show significant differences among settings and professional profiles in developing an EBCPs and, further, they suggest key lines of action for health services

Relación entre enfermeras de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos y familiares:: Indicios para el cambio

Study´s purpose: To find out which are ICU nurses’ expectations regarding their relationship with ICU patients’ relatives and how to care for them. Methods: This paper is part of a wider research project entitled “Factors that influence the relationship between ICU nurses and critically ill patient’s relatives”. This is a qualitative study based on a poststructuralist perspective. It was conducted in 3 Spanish public hospitals’ ICUs situated in the island of Mallorca. Data were collected through 8 participant observations and 6 semi-structured interviews. The observation descriptions and interviews’ transcriptions were analyzed through the codification of units of meaning. Rigour was assured by the triangulation of sources and methods and by reaching saturation of the main categories of analysis. Results: Nurses considered that their role as information givers is not sufficient and some wished to have a greater participation in the caring process of patient´s relatives. Some of them also wished to make the unit restrictive access more flexible. A certain resistance was shown towards the physician centralism in the process of providing information as well as towards the design of rules governing the relationship between professionals and relatives. Conclusions: We identified that ICU nurses attitude is intended for change, but different levels of commitment was observed regarding involvement in the care of ICU patient’s family.Objetivo: Conocer cuáles son las expectativas de futuro que perciben las enfermeras de UCI al respecto de la relación y los cuidados a los familiares. Métodos: Este artículo es parte de un proyecto más amplio titulado “Factores que influyen en la relación entre enfermeras de UCI con los familiares del paciente crítico”. Es un estudio cualitativo de perspectiva post-estructuralista, realizado en 3 unidades de cuidados intensivos de 3 hospitales de la red pública de la isla de Mallorca. La recogida de datos fue a través de 8 episodios de observación participante y 6 entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Las descripciones de las observaciones y entrevistas transcritas se analizaron a través de su codificación en unidades de significado. El rigor se aseguró mediante la triangulación de fuentes y métodos y por la saturación de las principales categorías de análisis. Resultados: Las enfermeras consideran que su papel como informadoras es insuficiente y algunas desean participar más en el proceso de atención a los familiares. Algunas de las enfermeras desean también flexibilizar las normas restrictivas de las unidades. Hay una cierta resistencia a la centralidad de los(as) médicos(as) en el proceso de información o en la creación de normas para la relación con los familiares. Conclusiones: Se percibe una voluntad de cambio, aunque con distintos grados de compromiso, hacia una mayor implicación de las enfermeras en la atención a los familiares del paciente crítico

Defining the Relevance of Signs and Symptoms to Identify Exit Site Infection of a Hemodialysis Central Venous Catheter: A Delphi Study Protocol

[eng] Vascular access is a potentially fatal vulnerability for hemodialysis patients, and a notable area for improvement for healthcare providers. Hemodialysis central venous catheters (HD-CVC) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality from infectious complications. Clinical practice guidelines on vascular access for hemodialysis and infection control do not provide a standard definition for infection of the HD-CVC exit site. The main aim of this protocol is to establish consensus on the signs and symptoms for preventing CVC exit site infection for patients receiving hemodialysis, based on the opinion of a panel of experts. The secondary study aim is to determine the optimum treatment approach according to the signs and symptoms of infection at the HD-CVC exit site, as prioritized by the panel of experts. For this purpose, a modified ranking-type Delphi technique will be used, with three rounds of evaluation conducted via an online questionnaire: the first two rounds will be used to prioritize, by consensus, the most relevant signs and/or symptoms of infection of the HD-CVC exit site or tunnel. Once this consensus has been achieved, a third round of evaluation will be conducted, asking the participants to ascertain the most appropriate treatment approach. The research team has drawn up a list of signs and symptoms related to infection of the HD-CVC exit site or tunnel, based on the definitions obtained from a previous systematic review. The results of the present study will enable us to design an assessment scale for HD-CVC exit sites, thus facilitating early identification and action if infection occurs. The availability of such an instrument will benefit not only clinical practice, but also research, healthcare education and training programs for professionals in this area

Study of the use of a personalized peripheral sealing device on surgical face masks in high-risk situations against COVID-19

A significant number of health care professionals subjected to high-risk situations have been infected by Covid-19 due to the lack of adequate protection equipment or the deficient safety margins that these present. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a personal peripheral sealing device (PSD) on surgical face masks (SM) allows them to achieve double mask properties, by providing two-way protection to professionals or users. The proposed device is a thermoplastic resin ring composed of a reusable and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) designed to be used in a healthcare setting. Since it is a thermoplastic device, it can be molded and adapted to each individual, becoming personalized and ensuring a correct adjustment to the user’s face. First, a qualitative fit test was performed using a saccharin solution (SS) to evaluate respiratory protective equipment in recruited professionals exposed to high-risk situations of infection by Covid-19. Individuals were divided into an intervention group, who used SM with the PSD, and a control group, who used SM without the PSD. In addition, a quantitative inward air leakage fit test was performed using a 2% sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol in a sealed cabinet with probes sensitive to this substance, in order to validate the SM with the PSD as a Face Filtering Mask (FFP). Only 5% of the individuals who performed the qualitative fit test with the PSD perceived the sweet taste of the SS, while 100% of the individuals who performed the test without the PSD sensed it (p = 0.0001). In the quantitative fit test, the percentage of air leakage of 2% NaCl aerosol into the SM with the PSD was 6.5%, achieving the same range of air leakage as a FFP mask. Thus, the use of a personalized PLA thermoplastic PSD, together with an inexpensive and widely available SM, could have a significant impact in terms of preventive safety by providing bi-directional protection to its user

Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI): clinimetric validation

[eng] Objective: To describe the development and clinimetric validation of the Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI) through several evidence sources about reliability and validity in the Spanish context. Design and setting: APNCAI development was based on a multisequential and systematic process: literature review, instrument content consensus through qualitative Delphi method approach (a panel of 51 Advanced Practice in Nursing -APN- experts was selected) and the clinimetric validation process based on a sample of 600 nurses from the Balearic Islands public healthcare setting. Methods: An initial step for tool's content development process based on Delphi method approach of expert consensus was implemented. A subsequent phase of tool validation started from the analysis of APN core competencies latent measurement model, including exploratory and confirmatory techniques. Reliability evidence for each latent factor was also obtained. Items' scores were submitted to descriptive analysis, plus univariate and multivariate normality tests. Results: An eight-factor competency assessment latent model obtained adequate fit, and it was composed by 'Research and Evidence-Based Practice', 'Clinical and Professional Leadership', 'Interprofessional Relationship and Mentoring', 'Professional Autonomy', 'Quality Management', 'Care Management', 'Professional Teaching and Education' and 'Health Promotion'. Conclusions: Adequate empirical evidence of reliability and validity for APNCAI makes it useful for application in healthcare policy programmes for APN competency assessment in Spain