Subordinazione, autonomia, lavoro agile e occasionale tra (post) Jobs act e diritto europeo = Subordination, autonomy, agile and occasional work between (post) Jobs act and European law. WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona”.IT – 364/2018

In the essay, on the light of European Union law and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice, the recent reforms, introduced by law n. 81/2017 on independent non-entrepreneurial work and "agile" work and by art. 54 bis of law n.96 / 2017 (for the conversion in law of the decree No. 50/2017) on occasional work, are analyzed. The current tendency of the EU institutions to build a real European labor law is highlighted, on the basis of the social directives and their interpretation provided in numerous judgments by the European Court, up to the elaboration of autonomous community notions of subordinate work and self-employment, occasional work, part-time work, temporary objective reasons in the use of a fixed-term contract and work employed by temporary agencies, after the initial attitude of the Luxembourg court of neutrality with the corresponding notions of the legislation of the Member States. It thus emerges that, despite the evident contradictions of the EU jurisprudence and of the social policies of the EU Commission, thanks to the requests of the European Parliament in the direction of strengthening the substantial protections of flexible working relationships through a reduction in job insecurity, it is outlined ever more pronounced a "general" interpretative framework of the social rights of the European Union, within which the interpreter must necessarily place the discipline of the labor relations of the individual Member States, with binding and effective effects of the European principles and rights in the national laws. Therefore, only in this European context the reform of non-entrepreneurial self-employment, of agile work and of occasional work can be read and applied, in order to avoid those discrepancies and confusions in the contractual practice of work which the internal legislation, without systematicity and clarity of objectives, still continues to provoke and, often, to feed

Dynamics of supercooled confined water measured by deep inelastic neutron scattering

In this paper, we present the results of deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) measurements on supercooled water confined within the pores (average pore diameter ~ 20 Ã) of a disordered hydrophilic silica matrix obtained through hydrolysis and polycondensation of the alkoxide precursor Tetra-Methyl-Ortho-Silicate via the sol-gel method. Experiments were performed at two temperatures (250 K and 210 K, i.e., before and after the putative liquidâliquid transition of supercooled confined water) on a âwetâ sample with hydration h ~ 40% w/w, which is high enough to have water-filled pores but low enough to avoid water crystallization. A virtually âdryâ sample at h ~ 7% was also investigated to measure the contribution of the silica matrix to the neutron scattering signal. As is well known, DINS measurements allow the determination of the mean kinetic energy and the momentum distribution of the hydrogen atoms in the system and therefore, allow researchers to probe the local structure of supercooled confined water. The main result obtained is that at 210 K the hydrogen mean kinetic energy is equal or even slightly higher than at 250 K. This is at odds with the predictions of a semiempirical harmonic model recently proposed to describe the temperature dependence of the kinetic energy of hydrogen in water. This is a new and very interesting result, which suggests that at 210 K, the water hydrogens experience a stiffer intermolecular potential than at 250 K. This is in agreement with the liquidâliquid transition hypothesis

La sentenza Sciotto della Corte Ue e la conversione a tempo indeterminato nel pubblico impiego nel nuovo scontro con la Consulta e nel recente dialogo con la Cassazione = The Sciotto judgment of the EU Court and the conversion for an indefinite period into public employment in the new clash with the Consulta and in the recent dialogue with the Cassation. WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona”.IT – 383/2019

The Sciotto ruling represents the last decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union which intervenes, once again, on the never resolved issue of the effective protection of Italian public workers in the event of abusive use of fixed-term contracts. For the first time, the EU Court seems to impose on the Italian State, which refuses to comply with Directive 1999/70/EC with regard to anti-abuse measures in the public service, the sanction of the indefinite retraining of fixed-term employment relationships in the public sector, threatening the use of clause 4 of the framework agreement on fixed-term work, directly applicable to the public administrations as regards the working conditions of temporary workers compared to comparable workers at indetermined time. On the background of the problem faced by the Court of Justice we find the dialogue / clash with the Italian Constitutional Court, after the sentence No. 279/1977 of the Judge of laws on centralized control of constitutionality, following the well-known case law of the "Taricco" case, and the response of the EU Court, in the Bauer ruling, with the enhancement of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights as legislation directly applicable in disputes between individuals. The prospect seems to be that of the end of the myth of the absolute ban on conversion into the Italian public employment, at least in situations in which fixed-term employment took place in compliance with public competitionis and the period of non-continuous service employed by the public administration has exceeded 36 months. However, the ruling n.248 / 2018 of the Constitutional Court continues to reiterate the ban on conversion into the public service, going to the clash, this time, not only with the Court of Justice (Sciotto judgment) but also with the Supreme Court (order no. 25728/2018)

A model for trustworthy orchestration in the internet of things

Embedded systems such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are typically designed as a network of multiple interacting elements with physical input (or sensors) and output (or actuators). One aspect of interest of open systems is fidelity, or the compliance between physical figures of interest and their internal representation. High fidelity is defined as a stable mapping between actions in the physical domain and intended or expected values in the system domain and deviations from fidelity are quantifiable over time by some appropriate informative variable. In this paper, we provide a model for designing such systems based on a framework for trustworthiness monitoring and we provide a Jason implementation to evaluate the feasibility of our approach. In particular, we build a bridge between a standard publish/subscribe framework for CPS called MQTT and Jason to enable automatic reasoning about trustworthines

Hygrothermal modelling of building enclosures: reference year design for moisture accumulation and condensation risk assessment

Interstitial condensation and water accumulation risk in building envelopes could be assessed with methods and models base d on moisture migration through porous media coupled to heat transfer. One of the difficulties in evaluating the boundary conditions for the heat and mass transfer model is the choice of an appropriate weather file. The most advanced models, described by the standard EN 15026:2007, require the hourly values of rain, wind, radiation, temperature and relative humidity to compute the water content in the porous materials. In this contribution, the method described by the standard EN ISO 15927-4:2005, typically used to design Moisture Reference Years (MRY), has been extended to the design of 34 typologies of representative weather files. The generation criteria have been base d on the assumption that the simulation results are influenced by rain deposition on the considered wall. The procedure has been followed considering 5 different wall exposures that lead to different MRY. The years of the climate of Turin (Italy) between 2002 and 2016 have been considered for the generation of the reference years. Finally, the annual mean moisture contents for two common wall types have been calculated using the obtained MRY and compared to the annual mean moisture contents obtained with the measured weather data, and the effects of the selection of the weather parameters is presented

Defining clinical characteristics of emotion dysregulation in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Emotion dysregulation (ED) is characterized by rigid and frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies. Conceptualized as a transdiagnostic feature, ED may occur in both clinical and non-clinical populations, including people diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) and their first-degree relatives (FDRs), though expected to manifest with differential clinical features. To this end, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature comparing people with BD to healthy controls (HCs) or FDRs, from inception up to November 25, 2021, across major databases. Random-effects meta-analyses considered twenty-eight studies assessing ER/ED with a validated scale. Patients with BD differed from HCs in adopting more maladaptive ER strategies, such as rumination, risk-taking behaviors, negative focus, and less adaptive ones. Unaffected FDRs differed from people with BD, yet to a lower extent, suggesting that ED may span a continuum. ED in BD should be widely explored to better understand its course and management, with specific interventions aimed at reducing its burden on both high-risk and full-threshold populations

The use of hysteroscopic metroplasty with diode laser to increase endometrial volume in women with septate uterus: preliminary results

Background: Septate uterus is a common Mullerian ducts anomaly. The aim of our pilot study was the evaluation of diode laser hysteroscopic metroplasty efficacy to increase endometrial volume in women with septate uterus. Results: We prospectively enrolled 10 consecutive patients with septate uterus undergoing office hysteroscopic metroplasty with diode laser between February and November 2019. Endometrial volume was evaluated before and 3 months after surgery using 3D transvaginal ultrasound. The surgical procedure was uncomplicated in all patients, the endometrial volume increased at 3 months follow-up (the median increase was 1.9 cm3 (range 1.7– 2.1), and there was a complete removal of septum with no intrauterine synechiae at follow-up hysteroscopy. Conclusions: Office hysteroscopic metroplasty with diode laser is a safe procedure and has preliminary showed to increase endometrial volume. The increase in endometrial volume by 3D-TV US could be used as a prognostic factor for the reproductive outcomes

In-Vivo Quantification of Knee Deep-Flexion in Physiological Loading Condition trough Dynamic MRI

The in-vivo quantification of knee motion in physiological loading conditions is paramount for the understanding of the joint’s natural behavior and the comprehension of articular disorders. Dynamic MRI (DMRI) represents an emerging technology that makes it possible to investigate the functional interaction among all the joint tissues without risks for the patient. However, traditional MRI scanners normally offer a reduced space of motion, and complex apparatus are needed to load the articulation, due to the horizontal orientation of the scanning bed. In this study, we present an experimental and computational procedure that combines an open, weight-bearing MRI scanner with an original registration algorithm to reconstruct the three-dimensional kinematics of the knee from DMRI, thus allowing the investigation of knee deep-flexion under physiological loads in space. To improve the accuracy of the procedure, an MR-compatible rig has been developed to guide the knee flexion of the patient. We tested the procedure on three volunteers. The overall rotational and positional accuracy achieved are 1.8◦ ± 1.4 and 1.2 mm ± 0.8, respectively, and they are sufficient for the characterization of the joint behavior under load

Lingual cyst with respiratory epithelium: the importance of differential diagnosis

Lingual cyst with respiratory epithelium (LCRE) is a very rare congenital cyst of the tongue, floor of the mouth, pharynx or hypopharynx with 21 cases reported in the literature (1, 2). Differential diagnosis is very important for patients presenting with lingual cysts, as this may impact treatment and follow-up. LCRE should be included in the different diagnosis of dermoid cyst (3), teratoid cyst (4), epidermoid cyst (5), thyroglossal duct cyst (6), lymphoepithelial cyst (7), mucocele or ranula (8). Each entity has a peculiar histologic presentation, although the clinical aspect may be very similar (1). The dermoid cyst is lined by a keratinized squamous epithelium and contains skin appendages in the cyst. Epidermoid cyst is similar to the dermoid cyst but is characterized by non-keratinized squamous epithelium and has a lumen filled of keratin. Teratoid cyst contains derivatives of the endoderm, ectoderm and/or mesoderm. The thyroglossal duct cyst is usually lined by columnar, stratified squamous epithelium, or an intermediate transition type of epithelium, with the mandatory presence of thyroid tissue in the cyst wall. Lymphoepithelial cyst is identified by the presence of the lymphoid aggregates in the cyst wall. A mucous retention cyst, so called mucocele or ranula, contains mucin and granulation tissue (1)