Alterações do uso do solo e biodiversidade em São Tomé

São Tomé é uma prioridade para a conservação da biodiversidade em termos mundiais, sobretudo por possuir um número excepcional de endemismos (variedades biológicas exclusivas). Diversas actividades humanas ameaçam este património natural único, nomeadamente através da alteração do uso do solo. No presente trabalho, identifiquei uma redução do número de espécies endémicas de aves e árvores com o aumento da intensidade do uso do solo. Uma tendência verificada em ambos os grupos analisados, embora as aves fossem mais resilientes. A subsistência das espécies endémicas de São Tomé está claramente dependente da persistência de zonas florestais bem preservadas. Como tal é urgente adoptar práticas de gestão territorial e de desenvolvimento agroflorestal que se coadunem com a sua conservação.São Tomé is a worldwide priority for biodiversity conservation, mostly due to its exceptionally high number of endemics (exclusive biological varieties). Several human activities threaten this unique natural patrimony, namely through land-use change. In this work, I identified a reduction in the number of endemic species of birds and trees with increasing land-use intensity. A trend common to both groups analysed, although birds were more resilient. The subsistence of São Tomé’s endemic species is clearly dependent on the persistence of well-preserved forest areas. Therefore it is urgent to adopt practices of land management and agroforestry development that commensurate with their conservation

Can REDD+ help the conservation of restricted-range island species?:insights from the endemism hotspot of São Tomé

REDD+ aims to offset greenhouse gas emissions through “Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation”. Some authors suggest that REDD+ can bring additional benefits for biodiversity, namely for the conservation of extinction-prone restricted-range species. Here, we assess this claim, using São Tomé Island (Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe) as a case study. We quantified the abundance of bird and tree species, and calculated the aboveground carbon stocks across a gradient of land-use intensity. We found a strong spatial congruence between carbon and the presence and abundance of endemic species, supporting the potential of REDD+ to protect these taxa. We then assessed if REDD+ could help protect the forests of São Tomé and Príncipe. To do so, we used OSIRIS simulations to predict country-level deforestation under two different REDD+ designs. These simulations showed that REDD+ could promote the loss of forests in São Tomé and Príncipe through leakage. This happened even when additional payments for biodiversity were included in the simulations, and despite São Tomé and Príncipe having the fourth highest carbon stocks per land area and the second highest biodiversity values according to the OSIRIS database. These results show weaknesses of OSIRIS as a planning tool, and demonstrate that the benefits that REDD+ might bring for biodiversity are strongly dependent on its careful implementation. We recommend that payment for ecosystem services programmes such as REDD+ develop safeguards to ensure that biodiversity co-benefits are met and perverse outcomes are avoided across all tropical countries. In particular, we advise specific safeguards regarding the conservation of extinction-prone groups, such as island restricted-range species

Drivers of bird diversity in an understudied African centre of endemism:The Angolan Central Escarpment Forest

Natural habitats are being rapidly lost due to human activities. It is therefore vital to understand how these activities influence biodiversity so that suitable guidelines can be established for conservation. This is particularly important in understudied, high biodiversity, areas such as the Angolan Escarpment. Here we examine which habitat characteristics drive bird diversity and endemic species presence at Kumbira Forest, a key site in the Central Escarpment Forest. Bird diversity was sampled by 10 min bird point counts, whereas habitat characteristics were measured by a combination of ground-based vegetation surveys and remotely sensed data modelling of Landsat images. GLM, multi-model inference and model averaging were used to determine the most important variables driving species richness and the presence of endemics. The remote sensing variables performed poorly in predicting presence of Red-crested Turaco Tauraco erythrolophus and Gabela Bushshrike Laniarius amboimensis but they contributed significantly to explain species richness and Gabela Akalat Sheppardia gabela presence, both of which were associated with greater canopy cover. Liana density and elevation were also important explanatory variables in certain cases. Conservation actions at Kumbira should focus on increasing canopy cover and maintaining forest integrity (as measured by liana density), as these actions are likely to have the most positive outcomes for the avifauna

VIVÊNCIAS ACADÊMICAS E REPERCUSSÕES NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE GRADUANDOS DE ENFERMAGEM EM UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA

Quality of Life (QoL) is related to the expanded concept of health and well-being. The democratization of Higher Education has enabled a greater insertion of young people in universities, generating the need for more research on the academic repercussions on their QoL. This theme assumes relevance when we deal with graduations in nursing, as these professionals will constitute the largest workforce in the health area. Aimed to understand the perception of nursing students in the relationship between academic experiences and quality of life. It was field research, exploratory, quali-quantitative, carried out with 37 university students of the nursing course at a public university in the state of Bahia, approved by the Research Ethics Committee. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to trace the sociodemographic profile and academic characterization, the validated instrument for Quality of Life Assessment: "The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF" (WHOQOL-bref), and two open questions for the free expression of students' perception of the relationship between academic experiences and quality of life. The results of the study revealed that the sample profile was mostly female, self-declared black, aged between 20 and 25 years, mostly from the interior of the state, with supplementary income from student scholarships and non-mester students. The most impaired QoL domain was physical and environmental. The personal and study dimension of academic experiences were the most affected. It is necessary to give students a voice and develop institutional strategies and public policies for university education and permanence, resulting in a better QoL of university students.La Calidad de Vida (CV) se relaciona con el concepto ampliado de salud y bienestar. La democratización de la Educación Superior posibilitó una mayor inclusión de los jóvenes en las universidades, generando la necesidad de investigaciones sobre el tema. La relevancia de este estudio se explica porque los enfermeros constituyen una gran fuerza de trabajo en el área de la salud. El objetivo fue comprender la percepción de los académicos sobre la relación entre las experiencias académicas y la CV. Investigación de campo, exploratoria, cualitativa y cuantitativa, con 37 estudiantes de una universidad pública del estado de Bahía, aprobada por el Comité de Ética. Se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado para la caracterización sociodemográfica y académica, un instrumento validado para la Evaluación de la Calidad de Vida: "The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF" (WHOQOL-bref), y dos preguntas abiertas. Percepción de los estudiantes sobre la relación entre experiencias académicas y calidad de vida. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que el perfil de la muestra fue mayoritariamente femenino, autodeclarado negro, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 25 años, en su mayoría del interior del estado, con ingresos complementarios por becas estudiantiles y estudiantes no de maestría. El dominio de calidad de vida más deteriorado fue físico y ambiental. La dimensión personal y de estudio de las experiencias académicas fueron las más afectadas. Es necesario dar voz a los estudiantes y desarrollar estrategias institucionales y políticas públicas para la formación universitaria y la permanencia, redundando en un mejor currículo de los universitarios.A Qualidade de Vida (QV) está relacionada ao conceito ampliado de saúde e bem-estar. A democratização do Ensino Superior possibilitou maior inserção de jovens nas universidades gerando necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre as repercussões acadêmicas na sua QV. Essa temática assume relevância quando tratamos das graduações em enfermagem, pois estes profissionais constituirão a maior força de trabalho da área da saúde.  Neste estudo objetivou-se compreender a percepção do estudante na relação entre vivências acadêmicas e qualidade de vida.  Foi uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória, quali-quantitativa, realizada com 37 estudantes universitários do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do estado da Bahia, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Utilizou-se questionário semi-estruturado para traçar o perfil sociodemográfico e caracterização acadêmica, o instrumento validado para Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida: “The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF” (WHOQOL-bref), e duas questões abertas para a livre expressão da percepção dos estudantes na relação entre vivências acadêmicas e qualidade de vida. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que o perfil da amostra foi majoritariamente de pessoas do sexo feminino, autodeclaradas pretas, com idade entre 20 e 25 anos, de maioria procedente do interior do estado, com renda complementar de bolsas estudantis e dessemestralizados. O domínio de QV mais prejudicado foi o físico e o ambiental. A dimensão pessoal e de estudo das vivências acadêmicas foram as mais atingidas.  Torna-se necessário dar voz aos estudantes e desenvolver estratégias institucionais e políticas públicas para a formação e permanência universitária repercutindo na melhor QV dos estudantes universitários

Effect of sequential medium on in vitro culture of goat ovarian cortical tissue

A sequential medium was evaluated on the survival, activation and growth rates of caprine preantral follicles submitted to a long-term culture period, aiming to establish an ideal in vitro culture system. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 16 days in α-MEM+ alone or supplemented with hormones (GH and/or FSH) added sequentially on different days of culture. Ovarian fragments were cultured in the first (days 0–8) and second (days 8–16) halves of the culture period, generating 10 treatments: α-MEM+/α-MEM+, FSH/FSH, FSH/GH, FSH/FSH + GH, GH/GH, GH/FSH, GH/FSH + GH, FSH + GH/FSH + GH, FSH + GH/FSH and FSH + GH/GH. Follicle morphology, viability and ultrastructure were analyzed. After day 1 of culture, FSH treatments maintained the percentage of normal follicles similar to the fresh control. At day 16 of culture, the treatment FSH/GH showed the highest (P < 0.05) percentage of normal follicles. The ultrastructure of follicles was preserved in the fresh control and FSH/GH treatment. Follicles cultured with FSH/GH had a higher (P < 0.05) viability than α-MEM+; however the viability was lower (P < 0.05) when compared to the fresh control. The FSH/GH treatment showed the highest (P < 0.05) percentage of follicular activation and secondary follicle formation and produced the largest (P < 0.05) mean follicular diameter after 16 days of culture. In conclusion, a sequential medium supplemented with FSH followed by GH during a long-term culture maintains the survival, viability and ultrastructure of goat preantral follicles, and promotes activation and secondary follicles

Ultrastructural features of agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) preantral follicles cryopreserved using dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol and propanediol

The objective was to develop an efficient protocol for cryopreservation of agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) ovarian tissue. Agouti ovarian fragments were placed, for 10 min, in a solution containing MEM and fetal bovine serum plus 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) or propanediol (PROH); some of those fragments were subsequently cryopreserved in a programmable freezer. After exposure and/or thawing, all samples were fixed in Carnoy prior to histological analysis. To evaluate ultrastructure, follicles from the control and all cryopreserved treatments were fixed in Karnovsky and processed for transmission electron microscopy. After exposure and freezing, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of morphologically normal preantral follicles in all treatments when compared to the control (92.67 ± 2.79, mean ± SD). However, there were no significant difference when the exposure and freezing procedures were compared using the same cryoprotectant. Moreover, there was no significant difference among cryoprotectants at the time of exposure (DMSO: 64.7 ± 3.8; EG: 70.7 ± 11.2, PROH: 63.3 ± 8.5) or after freezing (DMSO: 60.6 ± 3.6, EG: 64.0 ± 11.9; PROH: 62.0 ± 6.9). However, only follicles frozen with PROH had normal ultrastructure. In conclusion, preantral follicles enclosed in agouti ovarian tissue were successfully cryopreserved using 1.5 M PROH, with satisfactory maintenance of follicle morphology and ultrastructure

Interaction between ascorbic acid and follicle-stimulating hormone maintains follicular viability after long-term in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles

This study evaluates the effects of ascorbic acid and its interaction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the morphology, activation, and in vitro growth of caprine preantral follicles. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 1, 7, or 14 d in minimum essential medium (MEM) containing ascorbic acid (50 or 100 μg/mL), FSH (50 ng/mL), or both of these substances. Ovarian tissue that was either fresh (control) or cultured for 1, 7, or 14 d was processed for histological and ultrastructural evaluation. The results showed that after 14 d of culture, medium supplemented with 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid alone or combined with FSH showed higher rates of follicular survival compared with MEM. After 7 d of culture, FSH, ascorbic acid at 50 μg/mL with or without FSH, and ascorbic acid at 100 μg/mL increased the percentage of follicular activation compared to fresh control. In addition, FSH alone significantly increased the percentage of growing follicles after 14 d. The combination of 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH promoted a significant increase in oocyte and follicular diameter after 7 d of culture. Ultrastructural and fluorescent analysis confirmed the integrity of follicles cultured with 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH after 14 d. In conclusion, the combination of 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH maintained follicular integrity and promoted follicular activation and growth after long-term in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles

Estratégias para o cuidado da pessoa com doença crônica : diabetes mellitus

Telemedicin

Trabalho imaterial, produção cultural colaborativa e economia da dádiva | Immaterial labour, collaborative cultural production and the economy of the gift

Resumo Neste artigo discutem-se as relações entre trabalho imaterial, produção cultural colaborativa e  economia da dádiva na sociedade atual. O intelecto geral é relacionado com a inteligência coletiva das redes digitais. A produção colaborativa emerge como forma privilegiada do fazer artístico e cultural. Esta produção pode contribuir para promoção e preservação da diversidade cultural. A produção cultural colaborativa evidencia pluralismo econômico. A generalização do trabalho imaterial produz bens comuns. O comum cria a versão pós-industrial e de alta tecnologia da economia da dádiva Conclui-se que a cultura colaborativa tem grande potencial para promover diversidade cultural e economia da generosidade. Palavras-chave trabalho imaterial; produção colaborativa; cultura; economia da dádiva; produção cultural colaborativa. Abstract This article discusses the relationship between immaterial labor, collaborative cultural production and gift economy in society today. The general intellect is related to the collective intelligence of digital networks. The collaborative production emerges as the preferred way to artistic and cultural. This production may contribute to promotion and preservation of cultural diversity. The collaborative cultural production highlights pluralism economics. The spread of immaterial labor produces common assets. The common creates a post-industrial and high-tech version of the gift economy. It is concluded that the collaborative culture has great potential to promote cultural diversity and economy of generosity. Keywords immaterial labor; collaborative production; culture; gift economy; collaborative cultural production