Pushing back the origin of Bantu lexicography: the vocabularium congense of 1652, 1928, 2012

In this article, the oldest Bantu dictionary hitherto known is explored, that is the Vocabularium Latinum, Hispanicum, e Congense, handed down to us through a manuscript from 1652 by the Flemish Capuchin Joris van Gheel, missionary in the Kongo (present-day north-western Angola and the southern part of the Lower Congo Province of the DRC). The manuscript was heavily reworked by the Belgian Jesuits Joseph van Wing and Constant Penders, and published in 1928. Both works are currently being digitized, linked and added to an interlingual and multimedia database that revolves around Kikongo and the early history of the Kongo kingdom. In Sections 1 and 2 the origins of Bantu lexicography in general and of Kikongo metalexicography in particular are revisited. Sections 3 and 4 are devoted to a study of Van Cheers manuscript and an analysis of Van Wing and Fenders rework. In Sections 5 and 6 translation equivalence and lexicographical structure in both dictionaries are scrutinized and compared. In Section 7, finally, all the material is brought together

Event-centrality and the pragmatics-semantics interface in Kikongo : from predication focus to progressive aspect and vice versa

Across Bantu, several polysemic markers expressing progressive aspect and so-called predication focus have been reported (Güldemann 2003; Hyman and Watters 1984). In this article, we examine two such markers in Kikongo (Bantu, H16), i.e. the fronted-infinitive and the locative-infinitive constructions. We provide an in-depth synchronic description of the pragmatic and syntactic behaviour of both verbal constructions and suggest a historical evolution for each of them. We evoke the term ‘event-centrality’ to cover the different uses of both constructions and suggest that the fronted-infinitive construction’s progressive meaning evolved from its use as predication focus marker, and vice versa, that the locative-infinitive construction’s predication focus meaning evolved from its use as a progressive marker

MobiThin management framework: design and evaluation

In thin client computing, applications are executed on centralized servers. User input (e.g. keystrokes) is sent to a remote server which processes the event and sends the audiovisual output back to the client. This enables execution of complex applications from thin devices. Adopting virtualization technologies on the thin client server brings several advantages, e.g. dedicated environments for each user and interesting facilities such as migration tools. In this paper, a mobile thin client service offered to a large number of mobile users is designed. Pervasive mobile thin client computing requires an intelligent service management to guarantee a high user experience. Due to the dynamic environment, the service management framework has to monitor the environment and intervene when necessary (e.g. adapt thin client protocol settings, move a session from one server to another). A detailed performance analysis of the implemented prototype is presented. It is shown that the prototype can handle up to 700 requests/s to start the mobile thin client service. The prototype can make a decision for up to 700 monitor reports per second

ARTIST‐TEACHER PARTNERSHIPS IN LEARNING: THE IN/BETWEEN SPACES OF ARTIST‐TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Artist‐in‐residence programs frequently act as professional development initiatives for teachers. Little understanding of the relational nature of artist‐teacher learning exists. In this article, we discuss Learning Through The Arts TM, describing conflicting expectations as artists and teachers learn from each other, and explore the relationship of artists’ growth and learning to teacher development. Using participants’ narratives, we illustrate existing tensions and challenges for visual art education. We present the need to open spaces for artists to construct new understandings of themselves as teachers in relation to themselves as artists, and for teachers to develop artist selves alongside their teacher selves. Key words: teacher learning, artists as teachers, artists in schools, relational learning, educational dilemmas, beliefs, Learning Through The ArtsTM Les programmes d’artistes en résidence font souvent office d’initiatives de perfectionnement professionnel pour les enseignants. On a peu exploré la nature de la relation entre l’apprentissage de l’artiste et celui de l’enseignant. Dans cet article, les auteurs discutent du programme Apprendre par les artsMC ; ils décrivent les attentes conflictuelles des artistes et des enseignants et explorent le lien entre l’évolution et l’apprentissage de l’artiste et le perfectionnement professionnel de l’enseignant. À l’aide des comptes rendus des participants, ils illustrent les tensions et les défis inhérents à l’enseignement des arts visuels. Ils décrivent le besoin de créer un espace permettant aux artistes de se comprendre eux‐mêmes comme enseignants dans leurs rapports avec leur identité d’artistes et aux enseignants de se développer comme artistes en même temps que comme enseignants. Mots clés : apprentissage chez les enseignants, artistes‐enseignants, artistes à l’école, apprentissage relationnel, dilemmes pédagogiques, croyances, Apprendre par les art

Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with erythroblastopenia and thymoma: Reactivation after topical corticosteroids

We report a 69-year-old female with erythroblastopenia and thymoma who developed lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) after thymectomy, 2 months after the initiation of therapy with methylprednisolone. Control of mucocutaneous KS lesions was obtained with radiotherapy, interferon alfa-2b and withdrawal of systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Erosive oral lichen planus appeared later, and after therapy with topical corticosteroids a new lesion of KS developed that regressed after withdrawal of topical corticosteroids. The detection of HHV-8 only in lesional skin supports the hypothesis that this virus can trigger the development of KS lesions

Proteção jurídica das criações de moda sob a perspectiva dos direitos autorais

A moda consiste em um fenômeno de relevância na sociedade. Frente a isso, a discussão sobre das questões decorrentes da indústria fashion ainda está em desenvolvimento na seara jurídica, uma vez que a legislação brasileira não abrange as criações de moda de forma expressa. Dentre as problemáticas jurídicas decorrentes do mundo da moda, merecem atenção os temas ligados à Propriedade Intelectual e, mais especificamente, ao Direito de Autor, tendo em vista a natureza criativa e individual das criações de moda, que representam verdadeiras obras de arte. Mesmo que o ordenamento jurídico possua instrumentos voltados à Proteção Intelectual, estes meios não se mostram eficientes em garantir a devida proteção dos designs de moda, tendo em vista a incompatibilidade da tutela já fornecida pela Propriedade Industrial com as particularidades do mundo da moda. O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar que a proteção autoral é a que mais se adequa às criações de moda, e que sua aplicabilidade incentiva a originalidade dos designers e favorece o mercado, além de buscar contribuir para o crescimento dos debates relativos ao mercado fashion, em busca das respostas aos constantes conflitos relacionados à Propriedade Intelectual das criações de moda.A moda consiste em um fenômeno de relevância na sociedade. Frente a isso, a discussão sobre das questões decorrentes da indústria fashion ainda está em desenvolvimento na seara jurídica, uma vez que a legislação brasileira não abrange as criações de moda de forma expressa. Dentre as problemáticas jurídicas decorrentes do mundo da moda, merecem atenção os temas ligados à Propriedade Intelectual e, mais especificamente, ao Direito de Autor, tendo em vista a natureza criativa e individual das criações de moda, que representam verdadeiras obras de arte. Mesmo que o ordenamento jurídico possua instrumentos voltados à Proteção Intelectual, estes meios não se mostram eficientes em garantir a devida proteção dos designs de moda, tendo em vista a incompatibilidade da tutela já fornecida pela Propriedade Industrial com as particularidades do mundo da moda. O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar que a proteção autoral é a que mais se adequa às criações de moda, e que sua aplicabilidade incentiva a originalidade dos designers e favorece o mercado, além de buscar contribuir para o crescimento dos debates relativos ao mercado fashion, em busca das respostas aos constantes conflitos relacionados à Propriedade Intelectual das criações de moda

How do Zimbabweans value health states?

Background Quality of life weights based on valuations of health states are often used in cost utility analysis and population health measures. This paper reports on an attempt to develop quality of life weights within the Zimbabwe context. Methods 2,384 residents in randomly selected small residential plots of land in a high-density suburb of Harare valued descriptors of 38 health states based on different combinations of the five domains of the EQ-5D (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort and anxiety or depression). The English version of the EQ-5D was used. The time trade-off method was used to determine the values, and 19,020 individual preferences for health states were analysed. A residual maximum likelihood linear mixed model was used to estimate a function for predicting the values of all possible combinations of levels on the five domains. The model was fit to a random subset of two-thirds of the observations, with the remaining observations reserved for analysis of predictive validity. The results were compared to a similar study undertaken in the United Kingdom. Results A credible model was developed to predict the values of states that were not valued directly. In the subset of observations reserved for validation, the mean absolute difference between predicted and observed values was 0.045. All domains of the EQ-5D were found to contribute significantly to the model, both at the moderate and severe levels. Severe pain was found to have the largest negative coefficient, followed by the inability to wash and dress oneself. Conclusion Despite a generally lower education level than their European counterparts, urban Zimbabweans appear to value health states in a consistent manner, and the determination of a global method of establishing quality of life weights may be feasible and valid. However, as the relative weightings of the different domains, although correlated, differed from the standard set of weights recommended by the EuroQol Group, the locally determined coefficients should be used within the Zimbabwean context