Human Polyomavirus Reactivation: Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment Approaches

JC and BK polyomaviruses were discovered over 40 years ago and have become increasingly prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in a variety of distinct, immunocompromised patient cohorts. The recent discoveries of eight new members of the Polyomaviridae family that are capable of infecting humans suggest that there are more to be discovered and raise the possibility that they may play a more significant role in human disease than previously understood. In spite of this, there remains a dearth of specific therapeutic options for human polyomavirus infections and an incomplete understanding of the relationship between the virus and the host immune system. This review summarises the human polyomaviruses with particular emphasis on pathogenesis in those directly implicated in disease aetiology and the therapeutic options available for treatment in the immunocompromised host

New perspectives on respiratory syncytial virus surveillance at the national level:lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic

Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic and considering the effects of this pandemic, we provide recommendations that can guide towards sustainable RSV surveillance with the potential to be integrated into the broader perspective of respiratory surveillance. https://bit.ly/40TsO0

Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021

We report a rapid increase in enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections, with 139 cases reported from eight European countries between 31 July and 14 October 2021. This upsurge is in line with the seasonality of EV-D68 and was presumably stimulated by the widespread reopening after COVID-19 lockdown. Most cases were identified in September, but more are to be expected in the coming months. Reinforcement of clinical awareness, diagnostic capacities and surveillance of EV-D68 is urgently needed in Europe

Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance:an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis

Regional and subtype-specific mutational patterns of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) are essential for informing first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapy guidelines and designing diagnostic assays for use in regions where standard genotypic resistance testing is not affordable. We sought to understand the molecular epidemiology of TDR and to identify the HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations responsible for TDR in different regions and virus subtypes.status: publishe

The Role of Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen Testing in the Era of Direct Acting Antiviral Therapies: What We Can Learn from the Protease Inhibitors - Fig 3

<p><b>Algorithm for identifying CHC patients receiving TVR (A) and BOC (B) with an increased likelihood to achieve SVR by combining pre-treatment and on-treatment factors.</b></p

Treatment efficacy of the cohort receiving TVR, BOC or both PIs.

<p>Treatment efficacy of the cohort receiving TVR, BOC or both PIs.</p

The most significant predictors of TVR therapy-induced SVR in CHC and their corresponding predictive values.

<p>The most significant predictors of TVR therapy-induced SVR in CHC and their corresponding predictive values.</p

Baseline factors and their association with cirrhosis status in the study cohort.

<p>Baseline factors and their association with cirrhosis status in the study cohort.</p