Validez y fiabilidad de la escala de motivación educativa (EME- E) en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Trujillo

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comprobar la validez y fiabilidad de la Escala de Motivación Educativa (EME-E) en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Trujillo. La muestra participante estuvo conformada por 350 estudiantes universitarios con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 38 años (M= 22.08; DE = 3.70), de ambos sexos (35.14% hombres y 64.86% mujeres); a quienes se seleccionó haciendo uso del muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Lo primero que se llevó a cabo fue la obtención de la validez de contenido mediante el criterio de seis jueces expertos; asimismo, se efectuó el análisis factorial confirmatorio del Modelo originalmente propuesto por los autores del instrumento, obteniéndose SRMR = .08, RMSEA = .10, CFI= .93 y TLI= .92, se reestructuró el modelo dos correlacionando los errores de los ítems 11 y 18, obteniendo un SRMR= .07, un RMSEA= .90, CFI= .93 y TLI= .92 evidenciando mejores resultados en cuanto a índices de ajustes. Por último, se desarrolló el análisis de confiabilidad de las dimensiones de la escala mediante el Coeficiente de Omega con valores de .75 a .90. Se concluye que el EME-E de siete dimensiones cuenta con las propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para confirmar el modelo teórico del instrumento

Fast-growing growth hormone transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) show a lower incidence of vaterite deposition and malformations in sagittal otoliths

DGS is a Serra Húnter Tenure-Track lecturer, and this work has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología grant number RTI2018-100757-B-100. RHD acknowledges support from the Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology (grant number 61740).In fish otoliths, CaCO3 normally precipitates as aragonite, and more rarely as vaterite or calcite. A higher incidence of vaterite deposition in otoliths from aquaculture-reared fish has been reported and it is thought that high growth rates under farming conditions might promote its deposition. To test this hypothesis, otoliths from growth hormone (GH) transgenic coho salmon (TF) and non-transgenic (NT) fish of matching size were compared. Once morphometric parameters were normalized by animal length, we found that TF fish otoliths were smaller (-24%, -19%, -20% and -30%; P<0.001 for length, width, perimeter and area, respectively) and rounder (-12%, +13.5%, +15% and -15.5% in circularity, form factor, roundness and ellipticity; P<0.001) than otoliths from non-transgenic fish of matching size. Interestingly, transgenic fish had smaller eyes (-30% eye diameter) and showed a strong correlation between eye and otolith size. We also found that the percentage of otoliths showing vaterite deposition was significantly smaller in transgenic fish (21-28%) compared to non-transgenic (69%; P&lt;0.001). Likewise, the area affected with vaterite deposition within individual otoliths was reduced in transgenic fish (21-26%) compared to non-transgenic (42.5%; P<0.001). Our results suggest that high growth rates per se are not sufficient to cause vaterite deposition in all cases, and that GH overexpression might have a protective role against vaterite deposition, an hypothesis that needs further investigation.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Expression of Lectin-Like Transcript 1, the Ligand for CD161, in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Precursor Th17 lineage cells expressing CD161 are implicated in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. CD4+CD161+ T-cells accumulate in RA joints and may acquire a non classical Th1 phenotype. The endogenous ligand for CD161 is lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1). CD161/LLT1 ligation may co-stimulate T-cell IFN-γ production. We investigated the presence and identity of LLT1-expressing cells in RA synovial fluid (SF) and synovial tissue (ST). We also assessed levels of soluble LLT1 (sLLT1) in different phases of RA development.Paired samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MC) and SFMC (n = 14), digested ST cells (n = 4) and ST paraffin sections (n = 6) from late-stage RA were analyzed for LLT1 expression by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. sLLT1 was measured using a sandwich ELISA. Sera and SF from late-stage RA (n = 26), recently diagnosed RA patients (n = 39), seropositive arthralgia patients (SAP, n = 31), spondyloarthropathy patients (SpA, n = 26) and healthy controls (HC, n = 31) were assayed.In RA SF, LLT1 was expressed by a small proportion of monocytes. In RA ST, LLT1-expressing cells were detected in the lining, sublining layer and in areas with infiltrates. The LLT1 staining pattern overlapped with the CD68 staining pattern. FACS analysis of digested ST confirmed LLT1 expression by CD68+ cells. Elevated systemic sLLT1 was found in all patient groups.In RA joints, LLT1 is expressed by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Serum levels of sLLT1 were increased in all patient groups (patients with early- and late-stage RA, seropositive arthralgia and spondyloarthropathy) when compared to healthy subjects

T cell subsets: An immunological biomarker to predict progression to clinical arthritis in ACPA-positive individuals

Objectives Anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)+ individuals with non-specific musculoskeletal symptoms are at risk of inflammatory arthritis (IA). This study aims to demonstrate the predictive value of T cell subset quantification for progression towards IA and compare it with previously identified clinical predictors of progression. Methods 103 ACPA+ individuals without clinical synovitis were observed 3-monthly for 12 months and then as clinically indicated. The end point was the development of IA. Naïve, regulatory T cells (Treg) and inflammation related cells (IRCs) were quantified by flow cytometry. Areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated. Adjusted logistic regressions and Cox proportional hazards models for time to progression to IA were constructed. Results Compared with healthy controls (age adjusted where appropriate), ACPA+ individuals demonstrated reduced naïve (22.1% of subjects) and Treg (35.8%) frequencies and elevated IRC (29.5%). Of the 103 subjects, 48(46.6%) progressed. Individually, T cell subsets were weakly predictive (AUC between 0.63 and 0.66), although the presence of 2 T cell abnormalities had high specificity. Three models were compared: model-1 used T cell subsets only, model-2 used previously published clinical parameters, model-3 combined clinical data and T cell data. Model-3 performed the best (AUC 0.79 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.89)) compared with model-1 (0.75 (0.65 to 0.86)) and particularly with model-2 (0.62 (0.54 to 0.76)) demonstrating the added value of T cell subsets. Time to progression differed significantly between high-risk, moderate-risk and low-risk groups from model-3 (p=0.001, median 15.4 months, 25.8 months and 63.4 months, respectively). Conclusions T cell subset dysregulation in ACPA+ individuals predates the onset of IA, predicts the risk and faster progression to IA, with added value over previously published clinical predictors of progression

Fast-growing growth hormone transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) show a lower incidence of vaterite deposition and malformations in sagittal otoliths

In fish otoliths, CaCO3 normally precipitates as aragonite, and more rarely as vaterite or calcite. A higher incidence of vaterite deposition in otoliths from aquaculture-reared fish has been reported and it is thought that high growth rates under farming conditions might promote its deposition. To test this hypothesis, otoliths from growth hormone (GH) transgenic coho salmon and non-transgenic fish of matching size were compared. Once morphometric parameters were normalized by animal length, we found that transgenic fish otoliths were smaller (−24%, −19%, −20% and −30% for length, width, perimeter and area, respectively; P<0.001) and rounder (−12%, +13.5%, +15% and −15.5% in circularity, form factor, roundness and ellipticity; P<0.001) than otoliths from non-transgenic fish of matching size. Interestingly, transgenic fish had smaller eyes (−30% eye diameter) and showed a strong correlation between eye and otolith size. We also found that the percentage of otoliths showing vaterite deposition was significantly smaller in transgenic fish (21-28%) than in non-transgenic fish (69%; P<0.001). Likewise, the area affected by vaterite deposition within individual otoliths was reduced in transgenic fish (21-26%) compared with non-transgenic fish (42.5%; P<0.001). Our results suggest that high growth rates per se are not sufficient to cause vaterite deposition in all cases, and that GH overexpression might have a protective role against vaterite deposition, a hypothesis that needs further investigation

Regulatory CD4+T-Cell Subsets and Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody Repertoire: Potential Biomarkers for Arthritis Development in Seropositive Arthralgia Patients?

Objective Seropositive arthralgia patients (SAP) are at high risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This prospective study aimed to determine whether altered peripheral regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and defined subsets, besides a broadened anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) response, may qualify as biomarkers for RA development in SAP. Methods Thirty-four consecutive SAP were prospectively assessed every 6 months for minimally 2 years. At inclusion, peripheral Treg (CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)) numbers and subsets, defined as CD45RA(+)FoxP3(low) naive Tregs (Fr I), CD45RA(-)FoxP3(high) activated Tregs (Fr II) and CD45RA(-)FoxP3(low) non-Tregs (Fr III), were compared to age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 16) and treatment-naive RA patients (n = 12). SAP that developed RA were compared to non-switchers and analyzed for Treg numbers and Treg subsets at inclusion. Also, Treg numbers and subsets were compared in switched SAP before and at diagnosis. To assess the ACPA repertoire, IgG and IgA reactivity was measured against citrullinated peptides from fibrinogen, alpha-enolase and vimentin. Results Treg numbers were similar between HC, SAP and RA patients. Although the bonafide Treg subsets Fr I and Fr II were comparable between groups, Fr III was increased in SAP compared to HC (p = 0.01). Fourteen (41%) SAP developed RA during follow-up. Their Treg numbers and subsets were comparable to non-switched SAP. At RA diagnosis, Treg numbers in switched SAP were similar to 6 months before. Switched SAP displayed a more diverse IgG ACPA repertoire compared to non-switched SAP (p = 0.046) and showed more IgA reactivity than non-switched SAP reaching significance for Fib1 only (p = 0.047). Conclusion Numbers of Total Treg and bonafide Treg subsets are not indicative for RA development in SAP, opposed to the ACPA repertoire

Clinical and serological characteristics at inclusion.

<p>Clinical and serological characteristics at inclusion.</p

Reactivity against citrullinated peptides from fibrinogen (Fib1, Fib2), α-enolase (Eno1) and vimentin (Vim1) in SAP sera at inclusion.

<p>(A) IgG seropositivity (B) IgA seropositivity. Reactivity is shown as percentage within the group of patients that switched or did not switch to RA. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare groups.</p