Exile Vol. XLVI No. 1

44th Year Title Page 3 Epigraph by Ezra Pound 5 Statement of Policy 6 Table of Contents 7 Contributors Notes 37 Editorial Board 38 ART Incredible Lines by David Tulkin \u2701 8 Untitled by David Tulkin \u2701 12 Untitled by Patrick Yingling \u2703 18 Sculpted Body by David Tulkin \u2701 20 Untitled by Tanya Sheremeta \u2701 25 Untitled by David Tulkin \u2701 28 Untitled by Dena Behi \u2701 36 POETRY Wednesday by Mary Ann T. Davis \u2700 9 Music by Jessica Kramer \u2703 10-11 Worship During the Rainy Season by Allison Armbrister \u2701 19 Mercy by Mary Ann T. Davis \u2700 26-27 Albino Lizard by Matthew Martz \u2702 29 Filling of Lake Cumberland, 1951 by Allison Armbrister \u2701 35 PROSE Storm Drain by Matthew Martz \u2702 13-17 Creases by Stephanie M. Vaccaro \u2701 21-24 When It Rains by Matthew Martz \u2702 30-34 Statement of Policy This semester Exile instituted a new policy limiting submissions to those not involved in the production of the magazine. As always, all submissions are reviewed on an anonymous basis, and all editorial decisions are shared equally among the members of the Editorial Board. -6 Cover Art Untitled by Dena Behi \u2701 / Back Cover Art Untitled by Tanya Sheremeta \u2701 -38 Printed by Printing Arts Press -38 Matthew Martz, Albino Lizard, Storm Drain and When It Rains , redacted due to copyright restrictions

Less Code, More Product: Leveraging Open Source Technologies To Develop Digital Library Collections

Over the last 10 years, the research library community has made significant investments in developing and utilizing open-source software products to build sustainable digital library infrastructure and services at scale. Community-driven open standards, data formats, protocols and governance are crucial to fulfilling the objective of scalable preservation and access infrastructure. Our collective investments in such development has the further benefit of helping reduce the amount of locally written code while delivering more “product” in the form of online archives, digital collections, exhibitions and services, offering flexible solutions to unique requirements. A good example of the benefits of leveraging open-source infrastructure can be seen in Columbia University’s Seymour B. Durst Old York Library project. In August 2011, Columbia received a substantial gift of New York-related materials from the Old York Foundation together with supporting funds to accession, process and produce a digital library based on the materials. The gift funded digitization of this large and unique collection and provided capacity-building funding that helped us to explore new project management models, establish new collaborative workflows and production processes, and expand development of our digital library infrastructure and feature set. The session will include an overview of Columbia’s strategy for leveraging community-based, open approaches to digital library infrastructure and also describe the specific set of open-source technologies used to implement this and other digital library projects. It will also describe how the Old York Library project helped to accelerate our development efforts, reduce the amount of locally written code, and build more sustainable approaches to meet the needs of unique and distinctive digital collections

Cyanobacterial endobionts within a major marine, planktonic, calcifier (Globigerina bulloides, Foraminifera) revealed by 16S rRNA metabarcoding

We investigated the possibility of bacterial symbiosis in Globigerina bulloides, a palaeoceanographically important, planktonic foraminifer. This marine protist is commonly used in micropalaeontological investigations of climatically sensitive subpolar and temperate water masses as well as wind-driven upwelling regions of the world's oceans. G. bulloides is unusual because it lacks the protist algal symbionts that are often found in other spinose species. In addition, it has a large offset in its stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions compared to other planktonic foraminifer species, and also that predicted from seawater equilibrium. This is suggestive of novel differences in ecology and life history of G. bulloides, making it a good candidate for investigating the potential for bacterial symbiosis as a contributory factor influencing shell calcification. Such information is essential to evaluate fully the potential response of G. bulloides to ocean acidification and climate change. To investigate possible ecological interactions between G. bulloides and marine bacteria, 18S rRNA gene sequencing, fluorescence microscopy, 16SrRNA gene metabarcoding and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on individual specimens ofG. bulloides(type IId) collected from two locations in the California Current. Intracellular DNA extracted from fiveG. bulloidesspecimens was subjected to 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and, remarkably, 37–87 % of all 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered were assigned to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus. This finding was supported by TEM observations of intact Synechococcus cells in both the cytoplasm and vacuoles of G. bulloides. Their concentrations were up to 4 orders of magnitude greater inside the foraminifera than those reported for the California Current water column and approximately 5 % of the intracellular Synechococcus cells observed were undergoing cell division. This suggests that Synechococcus is an endobiont of G. bulloides type IId, which is the first report of a bacterial endobiont in the planktonic foraminifera. We consider the potential roles of Synechococcus and G. bulloides within the relationship and the need to determine how widespread the association is within the widely distributed G. bulloides morphospecies. The possible influence of Synechococcus respiration on G. bulloides shell geochemistry is also explored

Signatures of natural selection between life cycle stages separated by metamorphosis in European eel

Received: 16 December 2014, Accepted: 6 July 2015, Published: 13 August 2015[Background] Species showing complex life cycles provide excellent opportunities to study the genetic associations between life cycle stages, as selective pressures may differ before and after metamorphosis. The European eel presents a complex life cycle with two metamorphoses, a first metamorphosis from larvae into glass eels (juvenile stage) and a second metamorphosis into silver eels (adult stage). We tested the hypothesis that different genes and gene pathways will be under selection at different life stages when comparing the genetic associations between glass eels and silver eels.[Results] We used two sets of markers to test for selection: first, we genotyped individuals using a panel of 80 coding-gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) developed in American eel; second, we investigated selection at the genome level using a total of 153,423 RAD-sequencing generated SNPs widely distributed across the genome. Using the RAD approach, outlier tests identified a total of 2413 (1.57 %) potentially selected SNPs. Functional annotation analysis identified signal transduction pathways as the most over-represented group of genes, including MAPK/Erk signalling, calcium signalling and GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) signalling. Many of the over-represented pathways were related to growth, while others could result from the different conditions that eels inhabit during their life cycle.[Conclusions] The observation of different genes and gene pathways under selection when comparing glass eels vs. silver eels supports the adaptive decoupling hypothesis for the benefits of metamorphosis. Partitioning the life cycle into discrete morphological phases may be overall beneficial since it allows the different life stages to respond independently to their unique selection pressures. This might translate into a more effective use of food and niche resources and/or performance of phase-specific tasks (e.g. feeding in the case of glass eels, migrating and reproducing in the case of silver eels).We acknowledge funding from the Danish Council for Independent Reasearch, Natural Sciences (grant 09-072120 to MMH).Peer reviewe

Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases

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Prospectus, December 2, 1975

PC NEWS IN BRIEF: 1975 FALL SEMESTER GRADS, PRESIDENT REPORTS, TRAFFIC STUDY AT PARKLAND; Campus FM Radio A Reality; StuGo proposes $18,000 cut: Emergency meeting slashes$$$; editorials; Letters to the Editor; Roots & Radicals; Forum; Seniors visit P/C; Far Out Planet; Counseling Services Available at P/C; Questions, Just ask Bob; Karate Club; Phi Beta Lambda; Parkland, Sangamon combination; Library Report; Baby born to Reids; Distaff Side; Skylines: Secrets of Life; Parkland teacher stars in musical; Snow Queen contest, dance planned by StuGo; Wright accepts new Chevy; Christmas Music; Swingles Swing; Aw, c\u27mon, Denice; Public StuGo Meeting set for Dec. 6; Cardwell reports to Faculty Senate; Library Security System; Senator Resigns; Parkland Events; Dinner set for December 4; Staerkel scores lack of state funding; If Snow comes, can flu be far behind?; Library Hours; Prospectus Photo Contest; Attend StuGo Meeting: Students protest further cuts in StuGo budget; Ooops!; Two Plays set for Dec. 4 and &; Fly Navy; Snow Queen Candidates named; Good News; Vinyl Love; Foto-Funny\u27s; Country Bouquet: Chicano country ; Dear Bonnie; Art Works for P/C; Classified; U.S. returns vs. Illini; Cobras host Wabash in season opener; Sports Views: Parkland football may be in danger; 1975-76 Cobras Parkland Basketball Roster; 1975-1976 Parkland College Basketball Schedulehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1975/1001/thumbnail.jp

Translation of evidence-based Assistive Technologies into stroke rehabilitation: Users' perceptions of the barriers and opportunities

Background: Assistive Technologies (ATs), defined as "electrical or mechanical devices designed to help people recover movement", demonstrate clinical benefits in upper limb stroke rehabilitation; however translation into clinical practice is poor. Uptake is dependent on a complex relationship between all stakeholders. Our aim was to understand patients', carers' (P&Cs) and healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experience and views of upper limb rehabilitation and ATs, to identify barriers and opportunities critical to the effective translation of ATs into clinical practice. This work was conducted in the UK, which has a state funded healthcare system, but the findings have relevance to all healthcare systems. Methods. Two structurally comparable questionnaires, one for P&Cs and one for HCPs, were designed, piloted and completed anonymously. Wide distribution of the questionnaires provided data from HCPs with experience of stroke rehabilitation and P&Cs who had experience of stroke. Questionnaires were designed based on themes identified from four focus groups held with HCPs and P&Cs and piloted with a sample of HCPs (N = 24) and P&Cs (N = 8). Eight of whom (four HCPs and four P&Cs) had been involved in the development. Results: 292 HCPs and 123 P&Cs questionnaires were analysed. 120 (41%) of HCP and 79 (64%) of P&C respondents had never used ATs. Most views were common to both groups, citing lack of information and access to ATs as the main reasons for not using them. Both HCPs (N = 53 [34%]) and P&C (N = 21 [47%]) cited Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) as the most frequently used AT. Research evidence was rated by HCPs as the most important factor in the design of an ideal technology, yet ATs they used or prescribed were not supported by research evidence. P&Cs rated ease of set-up and comfort more highly. Conclusion: Key barriers to translation of ATs into clinical practice are lack of knowledge, education, awareness and access. Perceptions about arm rehabilitation post-stroke are similar between HCPs and P&Cs. Based on our findings, improvements in AT design, pragmatic clinical evaluation, better knowledge and awareness and improvement in provision of services will contribute to better and cost-effective upper limb stroke rehabilitation. © 2014 Hughes et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

'To live and die [for] Dixie': Irish civilians and the Confederate States of America

Around 20,000 Irishmen served in the Confederate army in the Civil War. As a result, they left behind, in various Southern towns and cities, large numbers of friends, family, and community leaders. As with native-born Confederates, Irish civilian support was crucial to Irish participation in the Confederate military effort. Also, Irish civilians served in various supporting roles: in factories and hospitals, on railroads and diplomatic missions, and as boosters for the cause. They also, however, suffered in bombardments, sieges, and the blockade. Usually poorer than their native neighbours, they could not afford to become 'refugees' and move away from the centres of conflict. This essay, based on research from manuscript collections, contemporary newspapers, British Consular records, and Federal military records, will examine the role of Irish civilians in the Confederacy, and assess the role this activity had on their integration into Southern communities. It will also look at Irish civilians in the defeat of the Confederacy, particularly when they came under Union occupation. Initial research shows that Irish civilians were not as upset as other whites in the South about Union victory. They welcomed a return to normalcy, and often 'collaborated' with Union authorities. Also, Irish desertion rates in the Confederate army were particularly high, and I will attempt to gauge whether Irish civilians played a role in this. All of the research in this paper will thus be put in the context of the Drew Gilpin Faust/Gary Gallagher debate on the influence of the Confederate homefront on military performance. By studying the Irish civilian experience one can assess how strong the Confederate national experiment was. Was it a nation without a nationalism