A case study: characterization of physiological, cinematic and neuromuscular demands of handball referee during competition

El presente estudio pretende conocer y caracterizar las cargas de un árbitro de Balonmano durante la competición. La muestra se compone de dos árbitros que han participado en las finales infantil y cadete de la competición regional de la Federación Extremeña de Balonmano. Se ha comparado ambos árbitros en relación a una variable de carga interna (Frecuencia Cardiaca) y dos variables de carga externa (cinemáticas y neuromusculares). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que no existen diferencias significativas entre los dos árbitros en ninguna de las variables. Se recomienda continuar con esta línea de investigación en futuras publicaciones con el fin de poder proponer futuros programas de entrenamiento individualizados.The present study aims to know and characterize performance loads of the Handball referees during the competition. Two referees who have participated in the school league of the Extremadura Handball Federation compose the sample. Both referees have been compared in relation to internal load (Heart Rate) and external load variables (kinematic and neuromuscular performance). The results show that there are no significant differences between the two referee in any variables, and allow defining the performance requirements of Handball referees. This research line should be continued in future publications to establish individualized training programs for that population.peerReviewe

Optimization Problems in Spanish Differential Calculus Books Published in the 18th Century

History of mathematics and mathematics education research allows us to know, among other issues: the influence that certain textbooks have had on the teaching of school mathematics, in academic or professional training, during a certain historical period; as well as the scientific advances achieved in each historical period and their incorporation into the teaching of the subject matter. In this work, we focus our attention on the applications of the method of finding maxima and minima included in the textbooks published during the 18th century in Spain. Specifically, we identify the approach of the algorithm used, the shortcomings or deficiencies that the posing of the proposed problems may have, the verification of the nature of the optimal points obtained and the consideration—or not—of the negative solutions in the process of resolution

Metamorphic gradient modification in the Early Cretaceous Northern Andes subduction zone: A record from thermally overprinted high-pressure rocks

New field observations and petrological data from Early Cretaceous metamorphic rocks in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes allowed the recognition of thermally overprinted high-pressure rocks derived from oceanic crust protoliths. The obtained metamorphic path suggests that the rocks evolved from blueschist to eclogite facies towards upper amphibolite to high-pressure granulite facies transitional conditions. Eclogite facies conditions, better recorded in mafic protoliths, are revealed by relic lawsonite and phengite, bleb- to worm-like diopside-albite symplectites, as well as garnet core composition. Upper amphibolite to high pressure granulite facies overprinting is supported by coarse-grained brown-colored Ti-rich amphibole, augite, and oligoclase recrystallization, as well as the record of partial melting leucosomes. Phase equilibria and pressure-temperature (P-T) path modeling suggest initial high-pressure metamorphic conditions M1 yielding 18.2–24.5 kbar and 465–580 °C, followed by upper amphibolite to high pressure granulite facies overprinting stage M2 yielding 6.5–14.2 kbar and 580–720 °C. Retrograde conditions M3 obtained through chlorite thermometry yield temperatures ranging around 286–400 °C at pressures below 6.5–11 kbar. The obtained clockwise P-T path, the garnet zonation pattern revealing a decrease in Xgrs/Xprp related to Mg# increment from core to rim, the presence of partial melting veins, as well as regional constraints, document the modification of the thermal structure of the active subduction zone in Northern Andes during the Early Cretaceous. Such increment of the metamorphic gradient within the subduction interface is associated with slab roll-back geodynamics where hot mantle inflow was triggered. This scenario is also argued by the reported trench-ward magmatic arc migration and multiple extensional basin formation during this period. The presented example constitutes the first report of Cretaceous roll-back-related metamorphism in the Caribbean and Andean realms, representing an additional piece of evidence for a margin-scale extensional event that modified the northwestern border of South America during the Early Cretaceous.The National University of Colombia is acknowledged for its financial support, providing execution of the Hermes 30362 project and a travel grant to D. S. Avellaneda-Jiménez for analytical data acquisition at the University of Arizona (Tucson, Arizona)

Principales causas de la corrupción en la administración de justicia Colombiana -2002 2008-estrategias o alternativas de solución

La presente investigación busca identificar cuáles son las principales causas de corrupción que se presentan en la administración de justicia de Colombia, para seguidamente establecer estrategias de solución tendientes a la prevención y sanción, capaces de contrarrestar este flagelo, que no solo socava las bases fundamentales del Estado sino que debilita las posibilidades de ofrecer óptimos escenarios de seguridad social integral a los asociados, mejores condiciones de vida a las familias y a las personas individualmente consideradas

Papel del fiscal jefe municipal ante las infracciones detectadas en las verificaciones fiscales (Revisión)

This article refers to the role of the Municipal Chief Prosecutor in relation to the infractions detected in the tax verifications. In this regard, the legal and methodological foundations for the development of tax verifications and their directions are defined for their study; as well as the restoration of the broken legality and with it, the actions of the municipal chief prosecutor, both from a technical and management point of view, to achieve the restoration of the transgressed legality. The essential aspects for the control system and the plan of measures are offered. The study allows the deepening in the transformations occurred in each of the stages.Este artículo hace referencia al papel del Fiscal Jefe Municipal ante las infracciones detectadas en las verificaciones fiscales. En tal sentido, se definen para su estudio, los Fundamentos legales y metodológicos para el desarrollo de las verificaciones fiscales y su direccionamiento; así como el restablecimiento de la legalidad quebrantada y con ello las acciones del fiscal jefe municipal, tanto desde el punto de vista técnico como de dirección, para lograr el restablecimiento de la legalidad transgredida; se ofrecen los aspectos esenciales para el sistema de control y el plan de medidas. El estudio permite la profundización en las transformaciones ocurridas en cada una de las etapas

Evolución histórica de la educación multicultural en el proceso de extensión universitaria de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (Revisión)

This article makes reference to the historical evolution of the multicultural education in the process of university extension at the University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, it is defined for its study, the period between the university reform (1962) and the present time (2018) with three stages, where the continuous improvement that experiences the multicultural education in the process of university extension at the University of Medical Sciences becomes evident. For the analysis of each stage, there are taken into account landmarks, characteristics and general trends, from the historical study accomplished of the selected indicators. The study enables to deepen in the transformations that took place in each stage.Este artículo hace referencia a la evolución histórica de la educación multicultural en el proceso de extensión universitaria en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas. En tal sentido, se define para su estudio, el período comprendido entre la reforma universitaria (1962) y la actualidad (2018)  con tres etapas, donde se evidencia el perfeccionamiento continuo que experimenta la educación multicultural en el proceso de extensión universitaria en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas. Para el análisis de cada una de estas etapas, se tienen en cuenta, hitos, características y tendencias generales, a partir del estudio histórico realizado de los indicadores seleccionados. El estudio permite la profundización en las transformaciones ocurridas en cada una de las etapas

Potential ecological and socio-economic effects of a novel megaherbivore introduction: The hippopotamus in Colombia

Introduced species can have strong ecological, social and economic effects on their non-native environment. Introductions of megafaunal species are rare and may contribute to rewilding efforts, but they may also have pronounced socio-ecological effects because of their scale of influence. A recent introduction of the hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius into Colombia is a novel introduction of a megaherbivore onto a new continent, and raises questions about the future dynamics of the socio-ecological system into which it has been introduced. Here we synthesize current knowledge about the Colombian hippopotamus population, review the literature on the species to predict potential ecological and socio-economic effects of this introduction, and make recommendations for future study. Hippopotamuses can have high population growth rates (7-11%) and, on the current trajectory, we predict there could be 400-800 individuals in Colombia by 2050. The hippopotamus is an ecosystem engineer that can have profound effects on terrestrial and aquatic environments and could therefore affect the native biodiversity of the Magdalena River basin. Hippopotamuses are also aggressive and may pose a threat to the many inhabitants of the region who rely upon the Magdalena River for their livelihoods, although the species could provide economic benefits through tourism. Further research is needed to quantify the current and future size and distribution of this hippopotamus population and to predict the likely ecological, social and economic effects. This knowledge must be balanced with consideration of social and cultural concerns to develop appropriate management strategies for this novel introduction

Análisis del disfrute de los participantes en evento no competitivo: Gimnastrada de Extremadura

Nowadays, society operates at a frenetic pace. Concerns about body image, quality of life, and healthy habits are giving rise to new lifestyles and habits. There are currently multiple studies that focus on the need to encourage and adopt healthy habits in early childhood. The aim of this study was to measure the joy that children experienced while participating in non-competitive sport manifestation, such as the Gimnastrada of Extremadura, by using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). The results of this study were incredibly positive, confirming high participant enjoyment, as well as increased engagement and participation in students from diverse nationalities and socioeconomic backgrounds. Given these results, Physical Education should be incentivized both in and outside of the classroom. Professionals must take the lead by encouraging and providing support for the numerous physical, artistic, and sport-related activities that are available both in and outside of school. In this way, we may increase subsequent participation in these activities, which will contribute to greaterLa sociedad actual vive a un ritmo frenético, la preocupación por la imagen corporal, por la calidad de vida y por los hábitos saludables, conforman nuevos estilos de vida. Múltiples estudios inciden en la necesidad de crear hábitos de vida saludables desde la infancia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue medir, el grado de disfrute al participar en una manifestación deportiva no competitivo como la Gimnastrada de Extremadura, utilizando para ello la Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Los resultados muestran que el grado de disfrute ha sido positivo y elevado además de confirmar la evolución en cuanto a número de participantes, procedencia y público. Es por ello, que se debe incentivar, apoyar y difundir todas aquellas actividades físicas, deportivas y artísticas que, a nivel escolar, extraescolar y fuera del ámbito educativo se promuevan, para así favorecer y asegurar la práctica posterior que procurará en el individuo un mayor bienestar físico y psicológico y por tanto ser más felices

Intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism

Limited information exists about the prevalence, management, and outcomes of intermediate-high risk patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). In a prospective cohort study, we evaluated consecutive patients with intermediate-high risk PE at a large, tertiary, academic medical center between January 1, 2015 and March 31, 2019. Adjudicated outcomes included PE-related mortality and a complicated course through 30 days after initiation of PE treatment. Repeat systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measurements, and echocardiography were performed within 48 hours after diagnosis. Among 1,015 normotensive patients with acute PE, 97 (9.6%) had intermediate-high risk PE. A 30-day complicated course and 30-day PE-related mortality occurred in 23 (24%) and 7 patients (7.2%) with intermediate-high risk PE. Seventeen (18%) intermediate-high risk patients received reperfusion therapy. Within 48 hours after initiation of anticoagulation, normalization of SBP, HR, cTnI, BNP, and echocardiography occurred in 82, 86, 78, 72, and 33% of survivors with intermediate-high risk PE who did not receive immediate thrombolysis. A complicated course between day 2 and day 30 after PE diagnosis for the patients who normalized SBP, HR, cTnI, BNP, and echocardiography measured at 48 hours occurred in 2.9, 1.4, 4.5, 3.3, and 14.3%, respectively. Intermediate-high risk PE occurs in approximately one-tenth of patients with acute symptomatic PE, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Normalization of HR 48 hours after diagnosis might identify a group of patients with a very low risk of deterioration during the first month of follow-up

How Poor Workstation Design Causes Musculoskeletal Disorders: Research from QOC Matrix the Workers’ Voice

An ergonomic intervention method based on QOC Matrix the workers’ voice was implemented in a study case. The diagnosis and analysis developed are used in improvement proposals for workstation redesign. The workers’ voice resulting from reports of the employee’ complaints and symptomatology was the base for a standardized method that comprises: (a) QOC questionnaire application, (b) risk factor categorization, (c) determination of unsafe and unhealthy ergonomic metrics, (d) figuring out the task content impact in the workers’ body, and (e) work system diagnosis. Since workers’ voice, the risk identification made included: (1) the task content linked to work method: repetitiveness associated with the sensor activation using the fingers and the repetitive movements include twist and the stretch of wrist, (2) workplace design regarding container height and injuries caused in wrists and elbows due to hits, (3) task developed regarding risk time exposition and workers position, and (4) workplace design regards to housing collector distance from filling area linked to workers position adopted for reach bags. Improvements included redesign of the workstation with a system of 90° exit discharge curve, one elevation system, and a photoelectric sensor in filling nozzle for automatic filling. As an improvement result, the activity called bags provision was eliminated from the task