A Learning Approach to Shallow Parsing

A SNoW based learning approach to shallow parsing tasks is presented and studied experimentally. The approach learns to identify syntactic patterns by combining simple predictors to produce a coherent inference. Two instantiations of this approach are studied and experimental results for Noun-Phrases (NP) and Subject-Verb (SV) phrases that compare favorably with the best published results are presented. In doing that, we compare two ways of modeling the problem of learning to recognize patterns and suggest that shallow parsing patterns are better learned using open/close predictors than using inside/outside predictors.Comment: LaTex 2e, 11 pages, 2 eps figures, 1 bbl file, uses colacl.st

સમાજ કલ્યાણની વિવિધ યોજનાઓની સામાજિક અને શૈક્ષણિક પછાત વર્ગ પરની અસરો (રાજકોટ જિલ્લાના સંદર્ભમાં એક મૂલ્યાંકન અભ્યાસ)

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The Late Reionization of Filaments

We study the topology of reionization using accurate three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations post-processed on outputs from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. In our simulations, reionization begins in overdense regions and then "leaks" directly into voids, with filaments reionizing last owing to their combination of high recombination rate and low emissivity. This result depends on the uniquely-biased emissivity field predicted by our prescriptions for star formation and feedback, which have previously been shown to account for a wide array of measurements of the post-reionization Universe. It is qualitatively robust to our choice of simulation volume, ionizing escape fraction, and spatial resolution (in fact it grows stronger at higher spatial resolution) even though the exact overlap redshift is sensitive to each of these. However, it weakens slightly as the escape fraction is increased owing to the reduced density contrast at higher redshift. We also explore whether our results are sensitive to commonly-employed approximations such as using optically-thin Eddington tensors or substantially altering the speed of light. Such approximations do not qualitatively change the topology of reionization. However, they can systematically shift the overlap redshift by up to $\Delta z\sim 0.5$, indicating that accurate radiative transfer is essential for computing reionization. Our model cannot simultaneously reproduce the observed optical depth to Thomson scattering and ionization rate per hydrogen atom at $z=6$, which could owe to numerical effects and/or missing early sources of ionization.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted to MNRA

INTERAKSI EDUKATIF PENDIDIK DENGAN PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMP NEGERI 26 BANDAR LAMPUNG

Proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, pendidik merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam pembelajaran dan juga sebagai salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan pendidikan. Pendidik tidak hanya bertugas sebagai pendidik saja, tetapi juga berperan dalam usaha pembentukan watak, tabiat, maupun pengembangan sumber daya yang dimiliki oleh peserta didiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendetesiskan dan menganalisis tentang interaksi edukatif pendidik dengan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam serta faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambatnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, yang dilakukan di SMP Negeri 26 Bandar Lampung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi data yaitu membandingkan data hasil observasi dengan data hasil wawancara dan dengan data dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian interaksi edukatif hubungan pendidik dengan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMP Negeri 26 Bandar Lampung cukup baik, berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara yang penulis lakukan pada bulan Januari 2020, bahwa pendidik membina interaksi edukatif peserta didik salah satunya adalah ketika masuk kedalam kelas selalu berprasangka baik dan berniat baik, lalu mengucapkan salam, dan menggunakan kaki kanan ketika awal memasuki kelas. Tidak lupa pula pendidik membuka pembelajaran dengan berdoa dan mengucapkan basmallah. Serta berpakaian rapih dan sopan. Serta selalu memberikan nasehat dan motivasi. Menggunakan metode yang mudah dipahami oleh para peserta didik, membangkitkan semangat peserta didik dengan memberikan motivasi, memberikan latihan-latihan yang bersifat membantu peserta didiknya, selalu memperhatikan kemampuan peserta didiknya, menanamkan sifat terbuka dan ikhlas, membantu memecahkan masalah dan kesulitan yang terjadi pada peserta didiknya. Faktor pendukung dari interaksi edukatif hubungan pendidik dengan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMP Negeri 26 Bandar Lampung adalah sarana prasarana belajar, materi ajar, pendidik dan orang tua. Faktor penghambatnya hanya faktor lingkungan dan peserta didik itu sendiri. Proses pembelajaran cukup baik, interaksi edukatif pendidik dengan peserta didik sudah harmonis, interaksi edukatif peserta didik dengan pendidiknya pun sudah saling mendukung, semua pihak sekolah membantu kelancaran belajar. Pendidik dengan peserta didik dan peserta didik dengan pendidik saling memberikan motivasi serta mendukung untuk berfikir yang kreatif

Mindful movement and skilled attention

Bodily movement has long been employed as a foundation for cultivating mental skills such as attention, self-control or mindfulness, with recent studies documenting the positive impacts of mindful movement training, such as yoga and tai chi. A parallel mind-body connection has also been observed in many developmental disorders. We elaborate a spectrum of mindfulness by considering ADHD, in which deficient motor control correlates with impaired (disinhibited) behavioral control contributing to defining features of excessive distractibility and impulsivity. These data provide evidence for an important axis of variation for wellbeing, in which skillful cognitive control covaries with a capacity for skillful movement. We review empirical and theoretical literature on attention, cognitive control, mind wandering, mindfulness and skill learning, endorsing a model of skilled attention in which motor plans, attention, and executive goals are seen as mutually co-defining aspects of skilled behavior that are linked by reciprocal inhibitory and excitatory connections. Thus, any movement training should engage higher-order inhibition and selection and develop a repertoire of rehearsed procedures that coordinate goals, attention and motor plans. However, we propose that mindful movement practice may improve the functional quality of rehearsed procedures, cultivating a transferrable skill of attention. We adopt Langer’s spectrum of mindful learning that spans from mindlessness to engagement with the details of the present task and contrast this with the mental attitudes cultivated in standard mindfulness meditation. We particularly follow Feldenkrais’ suggestion that mindful learning of skills for organizing the body in movement might transfer to other forms of mental activity. The results of mindful movement training should be observed in multiple complementary measures, and may have tremendous potential benefit for individuals with ADHD and other populations

IL-1 Inhibition in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is the form of childhood arthritis whose treatment is most challenging. The demonstration of the prominent involvement of interleukin (IL)-1 in disease pathogenesis has provided the rationale for the treatment with biologic medications that antagonize this cytokine. The three IL-1 blockers that have been tested so far (anakinra, canakinumab, and rilonacept) have all been proven effective and safe, although only canakinumab is currently approved for use in sJIA. The studies on IL-1 inhibition in sJIA published in the past few years suggest that children with fewer affected joints, higher neutrophil count, younger age at disease onset, shorter disease duration, or, possibly, higher ferritin level may respond better to anti-IL-1 treatment. In addition, it has been postulated that use of IL-1 blockade as first-line therapy may take advantage of a window of opportunity, in which disease pathophysiology can be altered to prevent the occurrence of chronic arthritis. In this review, we analyze the published literature on IL-1 inhibitors in sJIA and discuss the rationale underlying the use of these medications, the results of therapeutic studies, and the controversial issues

Brexit e lo spazio giudiziario europeo in materia civile e commerciale all'alba dell'exit day

In vista della sua uscita dall\u2019Unione europea il Regno Unito ha adottato nel 2018 il EU (Withdra-wal) Act che prevede come principio generale il mantenimento dell\u2019acquis dell\u2019Unione nella sua legislazione interna in qualit\ue0 di EU-retained law. Tuttavia nel campo del diritto internazionale priva-to e della cooperazione giudiziaria in materia civile e commerciale il Ministry of Justice, utilizzando i poteri che lo stesso Act gli ha conferito, ha adottato numerose Regulations che revocano la mag-gior parte delle norme uniformi europee ora in vigore. Questo articolo offre una panoramica del probabile assetto che, sulla base dei suddetti provvedimenti, assumeranno le relazioni future tra il Regno Unito e la UE in materia di diritto internazionale privato ed in particolare nei settori della competenza giurisdizionale e del riconoscimento ed esecuzione delle decisioni, dell\u2019insolvenza, del diritto di famiglia, della legge regolatrice delle obbligazioni contrattuali e non contrattuali e ancora in altri campi delle relazioni giuridiche transnazionali di privati e imprese.In view of its exit from the European Union, the United Kingdom adopted in 2018 the EU (Withdrawal) Act that provides as a general principle for the maintenance of the Union acquis in its domestic legislation as \u201cEU-retained law\u201d. In the field of private international law and judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters, however, the Ministry of Justice, acting upon the powers conferred by the Act, has passed several Regulations that revoke most of the European uniform rules now in force. This article offers an overview of the likely legal setting that, in light of the adopted rules, will preside over the UK-EU relationships with respect to matters of pri-vate international law, and in particular to matters of jurisdiction and recognition and enforce-ment of judgments, of insolvency, of family law, of the law applicable to contractual and non contractual obligations, as well as other sectors of cross-border legal issues involving both indi-viduals and companies

The Lyman-alpha forest at redshifts 0.1 -- 1.6: good agreement between a large hydrodynamic simulation and HST spectra

We give a comprehensive statistical description of the Lyman-alpha absorption from the intergalactic medium in a hydrodynamic simulation at redshifts 0.1-1.6, the range of redshifts covered by HST spectra of QSOs. We use the ENZO code to make a 76 comoving Mpc cube simulation using 75 kpc cells, for a Hubble constant of 71 km/s/Mpc. The best prior work, by \citet{dave99},used an SPH simulation in a 15.6 Mpc box with an effective resolution of 245 kpc and slightly different cosmological parameters. At redshifts z=2 this simulation is different from data. \citet{tytler07b} found that the simulated spectra at z=2 have too little power on large scales, Lyman-alpha lines are too wide, there is a lack high column density lines, and there is a lack of pixels with low flux. Here we present statistics at z<1.6, including the flux distribution, the mean flux, the effective opacity, and the power and correlation of the flux. We also give statistics of the lyman alpha lines including the line width distribution, the column density distribution, the number of lines per unit equivalent width and redshift, and the correlation between the line width and column density. We find that the mean amount of absorption in the simulated spectra changes smoothly with redshift with DA(z)=0.01(1+z)^{2.25}. Both the trend and absolute values are close to measurements of HST spectra by \citet{kirkman07a}. The column density and line width distributions are also close to those measured from HST spectra by \citet{janknecht06a}, except for the mode of the line width distribution which is smaller in the HST spectra. Although some differences that we saw at z=2 are too subtle to be seen in existing HST spectra, overall, the simulation gives an good description of HST spectra at 0.1<z<1.6

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a broad term that describes a clinically heterogeneous group of arthritides of unknown cause, which begin before 16&nbsp;years of age. This term encompasses several disease categories, each of which has distinct presentation, clinical manifestations, and, presumably, genetic background and etiopathogenesis. Although none of the available drugs has curative potential, prognosis has greatly improved as a result of substantial progresses in disease management. The most important new development has been the introduction of the biologic medications, which constitute a valuable treatment option for patients who are resistant to conventional antirheumatic agents. Further insights into the disease pathogenesis and treatment will be provided by the continuous advances in understanding of the mechanisms related to the immune response and inflammatory process, and by the development of new drugs that are capable of selectively inhibiting single molecules or pathways