COMPARING MEDICINAL PLANTS USE FOR TRADITIONAL AND MODERN HERBAL MEDICINE IN LONG NAH VILLAGE OF EAST KALIMANTAN

The purpose of this research is to describe theequivalence of local knowledge and scientific knowledgeor western knowledge in terms of medicinal plantusage for traditional medicine (TM) or ethnomedicineand modern herbal medicine or jamu (MM), and therecognition of both. This descriptive-comparative researchwas accomplished using the case study method.The research used participant observation and semistructuredinterview techniques to collect data andinformation from traditional healers, communityleaders, and villagers. The research results show thaton the one hand, local people particularly traditionalhealers (dukun) have developed knowledge of medicinalplants and TM compounds. This knowledgehas been based on the existence of illnesses in thecommunity and availability of medicinal plants in theirenvironment. On the other hand, rural communityhas known, acknowledged, and consumed MM as acomplement to TM produced by traditional healers(dukun). Comparison of medicinal plants used for TMand MM is not appropriate to prove the equivalenceof local knowledge and scientific knowledge, becausedifferent plant species mayhave the same efficacy. Onthe other hand, different local communities may usedifferent plants with similar efficacy for TM. Likewise,different MM industries may use different plants forMM to have the same efficacy.Key words: Local knowledge, ethnomedicine, medicinalplants, NTFPs, East Kalimantan Indonesi

PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN DAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL FILANTIN DAN HIPOFILANTIN AKSESI MENIRAN (Phyllanthus sp. L) PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT NAUNGAN

ABSTRAKMeniran adalah anggota dari famili Euphorbiaceae. Lignan, berupafilantin dan hipofilantin yang ada di dalam tanaman, dilaporkan sebagaiagen hepatoprotektif dalam terapi pengobatan yang utama. Eksplorasitelah dilakukan terhadap 13 aksesi meniran pada berbagai tipe habitat yangberbeda di Kabupaten Bangkalan dan Gresik, Provinsi Jawa Timur.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari aksesi dan tarafnaungan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan filantin dan hipofilantintanaman meniran (Phyllanthus sp. L). Penelitian dilakukan di KebunPercobaan IPB di Babakan Sawah Baru, Bogor, Jawa Barat denganketinggian tempat 250 m dml dari Maret 2009 sampai September 2009.Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan 3 kali ulangan.Petak utama adalah 3 taraf naungan (N) terdiri atas : 0% (N0), 25%naungan (N1) dan 50% naungan (N2). Anak petak adalah 13 aksesimeniran (A) terdiri atas : A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11,A12, dan A13 berasal dari Bangkalan dan Gresik. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa naungan 50% meningkatkan tinggi tanaman danmenurunkan jumlah daun majemuk. Terjadi interaksi naungan dan aksesiterhadap jumlah cabang. Uji Duncan menghasilkan 3 kelompok aksesiyang mempunyai respon berbeda terhadap naungan. Aksesi nomor 6 dan 7merupakan aksesi yang menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan produksi biomassayang lebih besar dibandingkan aksesi lainnya. Aksesi nomor 7 mempunyaikandungan total filantin dan hipofilantin tertinggi, karena pengaruhnaungan dapat menurunkan kandungan total filantin dan meningkatkankandungan total hipofilantin.Kata kunci : Phyllanthus sp. L., filantin, hipofilantin, naungan, aksesiABSTRACTPlant growth and total phyllanthin and hypophyllanthincontents of Phyllanthus sp. L accession on variousshading levelsMeniran (Phyllanthus sp. L) is family member of Euphorbiaceae.The lignan, consisting of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin in the plant, wasreported as therapeutically active constituent and serve as hepatoprotectiveagent. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect ofshading intensities on plant growth and phyllanthin and hypophyllanthincontents of Phyllanthus sp. accessions. The experiment was arranged insplit plot design with three replicates. The main plot was shading intensityconsisting of 0% (N0), 25% (N1), and 50% (N2) shades. The sub plot wasof Phyllanthus sp. accessions (A) consisting of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, A12, and A13 taken from Bangkalan and Gresik.The results showed that 50% shade increased plant height but decreasednumber of leaves. Interaction between shading intensity and accessiongave significant effect on number of branches. Referring to their responseson shades, all accessions were divided into 3 groups by DMRT. Biomassproductions of accessions number 6 and 7 were greater than the otheraccessions. Accession number 7 was the highest in phyllanthin andhypophyllanthin contents where the shading reduced the phyllanthin butincreased the hypophyllanthin contents.Key words: Phyllanthus sp., phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, shading,accession

Digestibility, Milk Production, and Udder Health of Etawah Goats Fed with Fermented Coffee Husk

This study was carried out to assess  the utilization of  coffee husk fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus as feed supplement by measuring the digestibility, milk production and udder health of Etawah goats suffered from subclinical mastitis (+1). There were three experimental diets consisted of T0 (control diet/basal diet without fermented coffee husk), T1 (basal diet with 6% fermented coffee husk) and T2 (basal diet with 6% fermented coffee husk soaked in crude palm oil for an hour before using). Basal diet consisted of napier grass (60%) and concentrate (40%). The results showed that supplementation of lactating Etawah does with fermented coffee husk did not affect the palatability of the diets, but increased the protein and crude fiber consumption (P<0.05). There was no significant effect on nutrient digestibility and milk production while milk composition (protein, fat, total solid) increased in supplemented groups (P<0.05). The persistency of milk production and the somatic cells count were not different.  There was an improvement of somatic cells count on supplemented groups. In conclusion, fermented coffee husk could be used as feed supplement without any negative effects on digestibility and milk production. The positive effects to udder health could be expected from including fermented coffee husk in diets.Key words:  coffee husk, Etawah goat, fermented, performance, supplemen

KEANEKARAGAMAN FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) PADA RIZOSFER TANAMAN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban)

ABSTRAKDefisiensi hara fosfor (P) menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas dalamsistem produksi pertanian di Indonesia yang umumnya diusahakan padatanah-tanah masam. Pemanfaatan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA)merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam menanggulangi permasalahan padatanah masam, karena FMA dapat membantu tanaman menyerap unsur Pdan unsur hara lainnya dari dalam tanah. Untuk mempelajari potensi FMA,hal pertama yang harus diketahui adalah keanekaragaman dari organismetersebut. Dengan adanya data tentang keanekaragaman FMA, maka dapatdilakukan seleksi guna mendapatkan isolat FMA yang potensial danefektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanamanpegagan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasijenis-jenis FMA pada rizosfer tanaman pegagan. Penelitian dilaksanakanbulan Januari sampai Agustus 2008. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukanpada tiga lokasi pertanaman pegagan di Kebun Percobaan Gunung Putri,Sukamulya, dan Cicurug, sedangkan isolasi, identifikasi, dan pemerang-kapan spora dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi dan rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik Bogor. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa sebelum pemerangkapan diperoleh 2 genus (Glomusdan Acaulospora) pada contoh tanah di KP Gunung Putri, 3 genus(Glomus, Acaulospora dan Scutellospora) di KP Sukamulya, dan 2 genus(Glomus dan Acaulospora) di KP Cicurug. Setelah dilakukan trappingjenis FMA, di KP Gunung Putri didapatkan 5 jenis FMA (4 tipe Glomusdan 1 tipe Acaulospora), di KP Sukamulya terdapat 5 jenis FMA (3 tipeGlomus, 1 tipe Acaulospora, dan 1 tipe Scutellospora), dan di KP Cicurugterdapat 4 jenis FMA (3 tipe Glomus dan 1 tipe Acaulospora).Keanekaragaman FMA pada rizosfer pertanaman pegagan cukup beragamdan berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan,khususnya ketersediaan dan serapan hara P.Kata kunci : Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, keanekaragaman, fungimikoriza arbuskula (FMA), pegaganABSTRACTArbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) diversity on asiaticpennywort Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) rhizosphereDeficiency of phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors ofagricultural production system in Indonesia which is generally managed onacid soils. Utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) is one of thealternative solutions on acid soils problem, because of its ability to take upP and other nutrients from soils. The first concern which must be studied isdiversity of the organism. Data on AMF diversity obtained is useful toselect potential and effective AMF by increasing plant growth andproduction of asiatic pennywort. The aim of this research was to isolateand identify types of AMF in asiatic pennywort rhizosphere. The experi-ment was conducted from January until August 2008. Soil samples weretaken from three locations of asiatic pennywort plantations i.e. GunungPutri, Sukamulya, and Cicurug experimental stations. Isolation, identifi-cation, and trapping of spore were conducted at the Eco-physiology labo-ratory and glasshouse of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic CropsResearch Institute (IMACRI), Bogor. The laboratory results of soil sam-ples before trapping showed that there were two genus of AMF spores(Glomus and Acaulospora) in the samples from Gunung Putri, three genus(Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora) from Sukamulya, and twogenus (Glomus and Acaulospora) from Cicurug. After trapping, it wasidentified that the soil samples from Gunung Putri, Sukamulya, andCicurug contained five AMF species (four types of Glomus and one typeof Acaulospora), five AMF species (three types of Glomus, one type ofAcaulospora and Scutellospora), and four AMF species (three types ofGlomus and one type of Acaulospora) from Cicurug. Diversity of AMFvariety can be utilized to get potential to increase the efficiency offertilizer, specifically availability and uptake of nutrient P.Key words : Centella  asiatica  (L.)  Urban,  diversity,  ArbuscularMycorrhizae Fungi (AMF), asiatic pennywor

PEMANFAATAN VERMIKOMPOS UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOMASSA LEGUM PENUTUP TANAH DAN INOKULUM FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA

[THE USE OF VERMICOMPOST FOR BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF LEGUME COVER CROP AND INOCULUM OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS]. Vermicompost is an organic fertilizer produced through the digestive system and microorganism inside the earthworm gut. Vermicompost is recognized to have positive effects on the plant growth and development of mycorrhizal symbiosis.The study was aimed to determine the optimum size (diameter and weight) of vermicompost for producing biomass of legume cover crop (LCC) and inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) of G. etunicatum. A glasshouse experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, involving different diameter size and weight of vermicompost as the treatments. Results showed that vermicompost is a potential substitute to inorganic fertilizer for production of LCC biomass and AMF inoculum.Vermicompost applied with  diameter < 250 µm weighing 150 – 172 mg produced  the highest  root dry weight of LCC, root colonization, and number of spores of G. etunicatum. A linear relation was found between root colonization and number of spores of G. etunicatum

PEMANFAATAN VERMIKOMPOS UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOMASSA LEGUM PENUTUP TANAH DAN INOKULUM FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA

[THE USE OF VERMICOMPOST FOR BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF LEGUME COVER CROP AND INOCULUM OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS]. Vermicompost is an organic fertilizer produced through the digestive system and microorganism inside the earthworm gut. Vermicompost is recognized to have positive effects on the plant growth and development of mycorrhizal symbiosis.The study was aimed to determine the optimum size (diameter and weight) of vermicompost for producing biomass of legume cover crop (LCC) and inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) of G. etunicatum. A glasshouse experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, involving different diameter size and weight of vermicompost as the treatments. Results showed that vermicompost is a potential substitute to inorganic fertilizer for production of LCC biomass and AMF inoculum.Vermicompost applied with diameter < 250 µm weighing 150 – 172 mg produced the highest root dry weight of LCC, root colonization, and number of spores of G. etunicatum. A linear relation was found between root colonization and number of spores of G. etunicatum

Aktivitas antiproliferasi ekstrak etanol temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) pada sel lestari tumor MCA-B1 dan MCM-B2 secara In Vitro

The aim of this research is to observe the antiproliferation activity of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) ethanol (70%) extract on MCA-B1 and MCM-B2 cell lines in vitro. Cells were cultivated in tissue culture plate 24 wells with vinblastin (positive control) and 5 dose level extracts in 5 replicates. The concentrations of extract were 0 ppm (negative control), 15 ppm (P1), 30 ppm (P2), 45 ppm (P3), 60 ppm (P4), and 75 ppm (P5). After 3 days incubated at 37 derejad C, cells were harvested and total cells were counted using a haemocytometer Neubauer. The results showed that 70% temulawak extract had antiproliferation activity to MCA-B1 and MCM-B2 cell lines. The best result was occured on the 75 ppm doses, with the ant-proliferation activity reached for 70,0% in MCA-B1 cell line and 75.4% in MCM-B2 celll line. Overall, the results indicated that temulawak may have a possible therapeutic potential againts cancer.Keywords: tumor, temulawak, antiproliferation, MCA-B1, MCM-B2, in vitro