Constitutional Reform: Decolonization in the Comoros Islads

Since its independence in 1975 the Union of Comoros has seen a great deal of political upheaval as a part of its decolonization process. This study examines the period between 1975 and 2001 with special emphasis on the 1997 Secession Crisis and the methods by which that crisis was resolved. The literature review is composed of predominantly native Comorian authors, supplemented by several French authors and information from international organizations. The events and literature are also examined through the lenses of the psychoanalytical group identity theory of Vamik Volkan and the Conflict Transformation work of Johan Galtung. Data regarding attitudes and general knowledge of this period in Comorian history was obtained through a qualitative study conducted with forty participants from across Comoros. The findings suggested that the majority of responses from the island of Anjoaun showed a greater knowledge and personal connection to the events of 1997, while many Grande Comoriens were either not aware of or had forgotten about the crisis. The findings also indicated that Anjoaunese participants were more likely to believe there was a tension or conflict between the islands than their Grande Comorien counterparts. The literature review findings indicated that Comoros is in a period of relative political stability and has begun the establishing political norms regarding free and fair elections which can be directly attributed to the 2001 Constitution. Keywords: Comoros, Grande Comore, Moheli, Anjouan, Mayotte, France, constitutional reform, Fomboni Accords, Group Identity theor

Wiedemann-Franz law and non-vanishing temperature scale across the field-tuned quantum critical point of YbRh2Si2

The in-plane thermal conductivity kappa(T) and electrical resistivity rho(T) of the heavy-fermion metal YbRh2Si2 were measured down to 50 mK for magnetic fields H parallel and perpendicular to the tetragonal c axis, through the field-tuned quantum critical point, Hc, at which antiferromagnetic order ends. The thermal and electrical resistivities, w(T) and rho(T), show a linear temperature dependence below 1 K, typical of the non-Fermi liquid behavior found near antiferromagnetic quantum critical points, but this dependence does not persist down to T = 0. Below a characteristic temperature T* ~ 0.35 K, which depends weakly on H, w(T) and rho(T) both deviate downward and converge in the T = 0 limit. We propose that T* marks the onset of short-range magnetic correlations, persisting beyond Hc. By comparing samples of different purity, we conclude that the Wiedemann-Franz law holds in YbRh2Si2, even at Hc, implying that no fundamental breakdown of quasiparticle behavior occurs in this material. The overall phenomenology of heat and charge transport in YbRh2Si2 is similar to that observed in the heavy-fermion metal CeCoIn5, near its own field-tuned quantum critical point.Comment: 8 figures, 8 page

Premixed edge-flames under transverse enthalpy gradients

We describe flame propagation between two opposed reactive streams which may differ in their composition and temperature. A two-dimensional counterflow configuration and an irreversible Arrhenius reaction are adopted, along with the constant density approximation. Attention is focused on the influence of two nondimensional parameters. The first one, denoted by γ, represents the difference in the enthalpy of the feed streams. The second one, ε, quantifies the ratio between the characteristic chemical time and the strain time. After a general formulation of the problem, we begin by an analysis of the one-dimensional case consisting of two parallel planar flames of unequal strength. The flames behavior is described analytically and numerically. In particular, two extinction regimes are identified: for values of γ smaller than a critical value γ*, the flames extinguish by quenching against each other at the stagnation plane; for γ > γ* they extinguish while at a finite distance from each other which increases with γ. These behaviors are similar to those, known in the literature, associated with the influence of Lewis numbers on the extinction of twin-flames. We then describe the propagation of two-dimensional flame fronts along the stagnation line, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of strain. The flame front is thus curved under the combined effects of the flow field and the transverse enthalpy gradient in the frozen mixture ahead of it; far behind the state of the gas is that of the pair of flat flames introduced above. The problem is studied numerically and complemented by an analytical description of the fast-chemistry situations corresponding to small values of ε. In particular we describe, for different fixed values of γ, the evolution of ignition fronts, characterized by a positive propagation speed, to extinction fronts, characterized by negative speeds, as ε is increased. In addition to the marked change in the flame shape, the most noticeable effect of an increase in γ is the decrease in the propagation speed of the flame front. These effects are associated with the increased front curvature for higher values of γ, along with a shift of the front leading edge towards the stream with higher enthalpy

Syndrome D’aniridie Associé À La Dermatite Atopique: À Propos D’un Cas

Aniridia syndrome is a genetic anomaly affecting all ocular structures; it is transmitted by an autosomal dominant mode. In its isolated form aniridia is characterized by a hypoplasia of the iris frequently associated with other ocular anomalies. It the syndromic form it is associated to other systemic abnormalities. Authors are here reporting a case of aniridia associating: a corneal pannus, total aniridia, lens ectopia, and cataract found in a 14 years old girl. She also presented an atopic background with a positive family history of atopia. She is issued from a first degree consanguineous marriage. The management was multidisciplinary. In ophthalmology she underwent an intra-capsular extraction of the lens in both eyes with no intra-ocular lens implantation. Dermatological management was treatment of cuteanous lesions with emollients, corticoids and antihistamines drugs and ointments

Lymphome Cérébral Primitif (LCP) du Sujet Immunocompétent: A Propos d’Un cas à l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN)

Le Lymphome Cérébral Primitif (LCP) du sujet immunocompétent est une entité rare des lymphomes Non Hodgkiniens en général et des tumeurs cérébrales en particulier. Il est caractérisé par sa sévérité clinique, mais aussi son mauvais pronostic. Nous rapportons un cas de LCP chez un sujet immunocompétent diagnostiqué au service de neurologie et pris en charge au service d’Onco-hématologie de l’Hôpital National de Niamey.   Primary Cerebral Lymphoma (PCL) of the immunocompetent subject is a rare feature of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in general and brain tumors in particular. It is characterized by its clinical severity, but also its poor prognosis. We report a case of LCP in an immunocompetent subject diagnosed in the neurology department and managed by Onco-hematology at the National Hospital of Niamey

Lymphome Cérébral Primitif (LCP) du Sujet Immunocompétent: A Propos d’Un cas à l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN)

Le Lymphome Cérébral Primitif (LCP) du sujet immunocompétent est une entité rare des lymphomes Non Hodgkiniens en général et des tumeurs cérébrales en particulier. Il est caractérisé par sa sévérité clinique, mais aussi son mauvais pronostic. Nous rapportons un cas de LCP chez un sujet immunocompétent diagnostiqué au service de neurologie et pris en charge au service d’Onco-hématologie de l’Hôpital National de Niamey.   Primary Cerebral Lymphoma (PCL) of the immunocompetent subject is a rare feature of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in general and brain tumors in particular. It is characterized by its clinical severity, but also its poor prognosis. We report a case of LCP in an immunocompetent subject diagnosed in the neurology department and managed by Onco-hematology at the National Hospital of Niamey

Spinal epidural angiolipoma causing spinal cord compression. A case report

adipose tissue and proliferating abnormal blood vessels, which result in spinal cord compression requiring an urgent surgical removal. We report a case of woman with spinal angiolipoma.Case presentation. The patient is a 26 years old woman with past medical history of a low grade urothelial bladder carcinoma removed 4 months before she consults at our department, 2 months later the patient presented a lower limbs weakness. The clinical exam at the admission found a patient with paraparesis, hypoesthesia at the level of Th4 and urinary urgency. The spinal MRI objectified a spinal cord compression by a lesion located at the epidural space from Th2 to Th4. The patient was operated and a fatty well vascularized tumour distinct from the epidural fat was removed through a Th2 to Th4 laminectomy. The pathology study was in favour of an angiolipoma. Days after the operation the patient recovered totally, the weakness and the urinary urgency disappeared. The patient is flowed since 24 months she got pregnant.Conclusion. Spinal angiolipoma is a rare tumour with a clinic of spinal cord compression, MRI is the gold standard in diagnosis it shows a fatty lesion with a large enhancement, surgery is the perfect treatment with good outcome and exceptional recurrence.adipose tissue and proliferating abnormal blood vessels, which result in spinal cord compression requiring an urgent surgical removal. We report a case of woman with spinal angiolipoma.Case presentation. The patient is a 26 years old woman with past medical history of a low grade urothelial bladder carcinoma removed 4 months before she consults at our department, 2 months later the patient presented a lower limbs weakness. The clinical exam at the admission found a patient with paraparesis, hypoesthesia at the level of Th4 and urinary urgency. The spinal MRI objectified a spinal cord compression by a lesion located at the epidural space from Th2 to Th4. The patient was operated and a fatty well vascularized tumour distinct from the epidural fat was removed through a Th2 to Th4 laminectomy. The pathology study was in favour of an angiolipoma. Days after the operation the patient recovered totally, the weakness and the urinary urgency disappeared. The patient is flowed since 24 months she got pregnant.Conclusion. Spinal angiolipoma is a rare tumour with a clinic of spinal cord compression, MRI is the gold standard in diagnosis it shows a fatty lesion with a large enhancement, surgery is the perfect treatment with good outcome and exceptional recurrence.INTRODUCTIO

Atteintes Oculaires Au Cours Du Syndrome De Wolfram À Propos De Deux Cas Et Revue De La Littérature

Introduction: Wolfram syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Diabetes mellitus and juvenile bilateral optic atrophy are its major signs. It is recognized that this association, which started in childhood or during adolescence, is sufficient to diagnose Wolfram syndrome. Optic atrophy occurs in 98% to 100% of cases with an average age of onset of 11 years. We reported a study of two confirmed cases referred by the internal medicine department. Observations: Case 1: A 23- year-old woman, deaf and dumb by birth, went through a diabetic ketosis test. Ophthalmologic examination showed reduced visual acuity in the fingers at 5 meters P2 in both eyes. Also, the fundus of the eye showed bilateral atrophic papillary palpation with no signs of retinopathy. She had deafness of deep perception and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Deafness, diabetes, optic atrophy, and hypogonadism led to the diagnosis. Case 2: A 21-year-old man born from a first-degree consanguineous marriage serves as a supplement to the management of diabetes. The visual acuity was at counting fingers at 1m to the right eye and sees the hand move to 0.5 m to the left eye. On examination at the slit lamp, it had a bilateral dense cataract. After phacoexeresis, the base revealed bilateral optic atrophy. Ultrasound of the urinary tree showed hypotonia of the renal cavities and a neurogenic bladder. Also, audiometry showed mild sensory deafness. The diagnosis of Wolfram syndrome was made in front of the tetrad: diabetes, optic atrophy, deafness, and urinary signs. Discussion: Wolfram syndrome may be familial or sporadic. The gene however is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. Optic atrophy is secondary to the involvement of pre-genetic fibers, and it is characterized initially by temporal palpation of the papilla. The evolution towards diffuse whitish discoloration occurs in a few months or years with the gradual establishment of a blindness around the age of 17 to 30 years. Conclusion: Wolfram syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by clinical and genetic polymorphism. This diagnosis should be considered in the presence of any type I diabetes associated with optic atrophy in childre

INTRABDOMINAL DESMOPLASTIC SMALL ROUND CELL TUMOR: CASE REPORT WITH LITERATURE REVIEW

Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor arerrare aggressive neoplasm, with a very poor prognosis, observed in young adults with a male predominance, Their etiology is unknown and the diagnosis is based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry and cytogenetics. Histological analysis shows typically clusters of round cells separated by abundant desmoplastic stroma. These tumors exhibit a multi-marker immunohistochemistry profile expressing the three embryonic lineages: epithelial, neural and mesenchymal. They are positive for desmin and cytokeratin and are characterized by a specific recurring translocation t (11:22) (q12-p13), which involves EWSR! WT1 gene. They are usually fatal despite an aggressive multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. Hereby we report the case of 39 yera old man who presented with an intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor. The diagnosis was made by radiological, histological and immunohistochemistry profile analyses of a CT scanguided biopsy. This articel includes a mini review of the literature