A gyomorrák kezelésének aktualitásai

Gastric cancer is the 9th most common malignancy in Hungary, being the 4th most frequent cause of death among all cancers. The traditional treatment approaches did not turn out to be effective against advanced gastric cancer. On the other hand, due to better understanding of the underlying molecular biology of tumors, targeted therapeutics emerge resulting in longer survival times. Dank M. Recent advances in the treatment of gastric cancer

Estimating the Size and Structure of the Underground Commercial Sex Economy in Eight Major U.S. Cities

The underground commercial sex economy (UCSE) generates millions of dollars annually, yet investigation and data collection remain under resourced. Our study aimed to unveil the scale of the UCSE in eight major US cities. Across cities, the UCSE's worth was estimated between $39.9 and$290 million in 2007, but decreased since 2003 in all but two cities. Interviews with pimps, traffickers, sex workers, child pornographers, and law enforcement revealed the dynamics central to the underground commercial sex trade -- and shaped the policy suggestions to combat it

What is relevant in hyperthermia treatment: heat, temperature, field or something else?

There are intensive discussions in the scientific communities on the quality-parameters of hyperthermia. Most of the parties are convinced that only the temperature decides about the optimal treatment, but strong doubts are also exists declaring the delivered heat (absorbed energy) or applied field (electro-magnetic influence) as primary effects. Strong points of the temperature-supporters are the results of all the investigations which are concentrating on the temperature-dependence and the effectivity of Arrhenius analysis showing a phase transition at about 42.5 C, (this is the basic of the step-down heating). On the other hand no doubts about the strong heat-dose dependence, which is most trivial by the treatment-time relevance in the clinical and laboratory results. The field effects in the hyperthermia does not investigated so widely, but trivial questions arise to choose the techniques, different applicators, frequencies and couplings. We had developed a set of the hyperthermia treatments applying various mixes of the heat and field effects. Four methods are applied successfully, where the heat- and field-effects are involved by different ratio for various malignant cases. Among the four methods there are a method with only electric field application (ECT, percutane, no heat), moderate heat with moderate field (PCT, cavitational), dominate local heat and electric field (EHY, loco-regional) and almost no field, only heat (WBH, whole-body application). The reached temperature in the tissue does not determined only by the absorbed heat, physically other effects have decisional role in the measured temperature. The applied power in the various methods is very different, ranging from a few watts to the few kW, while the electric field ranges from a few tens [mV/cell] to the few [nV/cell]. Due to the large and essential inhomogenities of the well-developed tumors only the average temperature could be defined in most of the cases. Same average temperature is reachable by different applied power, only depending on the power-delivery conditions. This observation strongly supports the importance of the heat (energy) absorption [W/kg] in the tumor instead of the only temperature conception. Results show the excellence of the optimizing the method to the actual case. With all the four treatment modalities we have surprisingly good results by choosing the most optimal for the given case and combining the applied methods with each other. Results by the different electro-hyperthermia applications will be shown in the presentation. The loco-regional applications are massively applied in deep-organ treatments (pancreas, liver, brain, etc.), while the cavitational is devoted for prostate, bladder and gynecological, etc. cases. The percutane local treatment is very effective for mammary-carcinomas, for head- and neck-cases, malignant melanomas, etc. The IR-A radiative whole-body hyperthermia is very useful in metastasizes, in systematic cases, etc. According to the intensive laboratory and clinical experiences and strong evidences we can conclude, that beside the temperature the heat-delivery as well as the field effects are primary important for the oncological hyperthermia

Understanding the Organization, Operation, and Victimization Process of Labor Trafficking in the United States

This study examines the organization, operation, and victimization process of labor trafficking across multiple industries in the United States. It examines labor trafficking victim abuse and exploitation along a continuum, from victims' recruitment for work in the United States; through their migration experiences (if any), employment victimization experiences, and efforts to seek help; to their ultimate escape and receipt of services. Data for this study came from a sample of 122 closed labor trafficking victim service records from service providers in four US cities. In addition, interviews were conducted with labor trafficking survivors, local and federal law enforcement officials, legal advocates, and service providers in each site to better understand the labor trafficking victimization experience, the networks involved in labor trafficking and the escape and removal process, and the barriers to investigation and prosecution of labor trafficking cases

Locked In. Interactions with the Criminal Justice and Child Welfare Systems for LGBTQ Youth, YMSM, and YWSW Who Engage in Survival Sex

In 2011, researchers from the Urban Institute launched a three-year study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) youth; young men who have sex with men (YMSM); and young women who have sex with women (YWSW) engaged in survival sex in New York City. Working in partnership with the New York City–based organization Streetwise and Safe (SAS), researchers trained youth leaders to conduct in-depth interviews with a total of 283 youth who engaged in survival sex in New York City and self-identified as LGBTQ, YMSM, or YWSW. In February 2015, we released the first report in this series, which focused specifically on the experiences and needs of youth engaging in survival sex. In this report, we focus on the youths’ interactions with juvenile and criminal justice systems, in addition to the child welfare system, from the perspectives of both the youths and stakeholders involved in these systems. Locked In features data collected from youth respondents about their experiences of arrest and court involvement, in combination with in-depth interviews with 68 criminal justice, child welfare, and youth-serving professionals across 28 organizations

US Antidumping Petitions and Revealed Comparative Advantage of Shrimp Exporting Countries

The paper explores the trade competitiveness of seven major shrimp exporting countries, namely Vietnam, China, Thailand, Ecuador, India, Indonesia and Mexico, to the USA. Specifically, we investigate whether the United States (US) antidumping petitions impact upon the bilateral revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indexes for each of the seven shrimp exporting countries with the USA. Monthly data from January 2003 to December 2014 and the panel data model are used to examine the determinants of the RCA for the shrimp exporting countries. The empirical results show the shrimp exporting countries have superior competitiveness against the shrimp market in the USA. Moreover, the RCA indexes are significantly negatively influenced by shrimp prices, and are positively affected by US income per capita. However, the EMS (Early Mortality Syndrome) shrimp disease, domestic US shrimp quantity, exchange rate, and US antidumping laws are found to have no significant impacts on the RCA indexes. In terms of policy implications, the USA should try to reduce production costs of shrimp in the US market instead of imposing antidumping petitions, and the shrimp exporting countries should maintain their comparative advantage and diversify into new markets

US Antidumping Petitions and Revealed Comparative Advantage of Shrimp Exporting Countries

The paper explores the trade competitiveness of seven major shrimp exporting countries, namely Vietnam, China, Thailand, Ecuador, India, Indonesia and Mexico, to the USA. Specifically, we investigate whether the United States (US) antidumping petitions impact upon the bilateral revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indexes for each of the seven shrimp exporting countries with the USA. Monthly data from January 2003 to December 2014 and the panel data model are used to examine the determinants of the RCA for the shrimp exporting countries. The empirical results show the shrimp exporting countries have superior competitiveness against the shrimp market in the USA. Moreover, the RCA indexes are significantly negatively influenced by shrimp prices, and are positively affected by US income per capita. However, the EMS (Early Mortality Syndrome) shrimp disease, domestic US shrimp quantity, exchange rate, and US antidumping laws are found to have no significant impacts on the RCA indexes. In terms of policy implications, the USA should try to reduce production costs of shrimp in the US market instead of imposing antidumping petitions, and the shrimp exporting countries should maintain their comparative advantage and diversify into new markets

Kit receptor tyrosine kinase dysregulations in feline splenic mast cell tumours

This study investigated Ki t receptor dysregulations (cytoplasmic immunohistochemical expression and/or c-KIT mutations) in cats a\ufb00ected with splenic mast cell tumours. Twenty-two cats were included. Median survival time was 780 days (range: 1\u20131219). An exclusive splenic involvement was signi\ufb01cantly (P = 0.042) associated with longer survival (807 versus 120 days). Eighteen tumours (85.7%) showed Kit cytoplasmic expression (Kit pattern 2, 3). Mutation analysis was successful in 20 cases. Fourteen missense mutations were detected in 13 out of 20 tumours (65%). Eleven (78.6%) were located in exon 8, and three (21.6%) in exon 9. No mutations were detected in exons 11 and 17. Seven mutations corresponded to the same internal tandem duplication in exon 8 (c.1245_1256dup). Although the association between Kit cytoplasmic expression and mutations was signi\ufb01cant, immunohistochemistry cannot be considered a surrogate marker for mutation analysis. No correlation was observed between c-Kit mutations and tumour di\ufb00erentiation, mitotic activity or survival