Diretrizes para uma metodologia de alfabetização digital na modalidade virtual

Partindo das novas possibilidades comunicativas se analisa as repercussões educativas do ciberespaço que oferece a Internet. O propósito principal é avaliar este elemento de relevância para o desenvolvimento das competências dentro da aprendizagem na alfabetização digital dos alunos. Desde diferentes pontos de vista se explora e analisa o conceito de alfabetização digital no marco dos processos educativos como uma competência que deve ser desenvolvida no aluno como um modelo próprio metodológico mais prático e eficiente. Com isso pretendemos dar uma visão mais exaustiva a forma como os estudantes se relacionam com as tecnologias e sua compreensão do próprio processo de aprendizagem com base no grupo de referência onde se estabelecem. Para finalizar, destacaremos uma série de propostas educativas, utilizando os recursos que a Internet coloca ao nosso alcance, que devem ser contemplados para gerar a participação on-line dentro de uma aula virtual desenvolvendo as competências necessárias para alcançar a alfabetização digital

Non-neoplasic and non-syndromic palatal perforations. Presentation of 5 cases and systematic review of the literature

Palatal perforations not associated with syndromes or neoplasms are rare lesions whose frequency has increased recently. However, their clinical and demographic characteristics have not been fully described. Therefore, this report aimed to establish the

Abrasive Disc Performance in Dry-Cutting of Medium-Carbon Steel

Abrasive-cutting processes are widely used to obtain semi-finished products from metal bars, slabs, or tubes. Thus, the abrasive cutting-off process is applied when requiring precision cutting and productivity at a moderate price. Cut-off tools are discs composed of small abrasive particles embedded in a bonding material, called the binder. This work aims to compare the cutting performance of discs with different composition, in dry cutting of steel bars. To do that, disc wear was measured and disc final topography was digitalized in order to determine both disc surface wear patterns and if the abrasive particles bonding into the binder matrix was affected. In addition, X-Ray inspection gave information about the abrasive grit-binder bonding. Therefore, the method here presented allows identifying discs with a superior abrasive-cutting capability, by combining profilometry and tomography to define micrometrical aspects, grit size, and binder matrix structure. Results led to the conclusion that discs with high grit size and protrusion, high grit retention by bond material, and closer mesh of fiberglass matrix binder were the optimal solution.Authors are grateful to Basque government group IT IT1337-19 and Ministry of Mineco REF DPI2016-74845-R

Role of Kynurenine Pathway in Glioblastoma

In brain, the tryptophan degradation products through the kynurenine pathway exhibit neuromodulatory and inflammatory effects and have been related to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, furthermore, their protagonism on the modulation of immune response and in cancer development has been reported. The immunosuppressive role of kynurenines has been described on glioblastoma models. In patients, the elevated activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) such as the increase of kynurenine/tryptophan ratio have been also reported, suggesting that activation of kynurenine pathway is present during glioblastoma formation and can be related with tumor progression. The importance of the kynurenine pathway during cancer development has encouraged recent studies to the use of IDO inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of breast, lung and ovarian cancer, until to get its use in clinical trials. IDO inhibitors also have been used in in vitro and in vivo models of glioblastoma showing promising results. The effect of kynurenines on glioblastoma offer a new perspective about the tryptophan metabolism during cancer. Due to the relevance of the kynurenine pathway in brain homeostasis, immunomodulation and cancer, we discuss the relevance of the kynurenine pathway on the development of glioblastoma multiforme as well as a possible molecular target for glioblastoma treatment

Características psicológicas, estilos de vida y hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes universitarios en Medellín, Colombia.

Introduction: There is a relationship between psychological characteristics such as anxiety, fear, and sadness, with lifestyles and eating habits, specifically in the university population. Objective: To describe the psychological characteristics, lifestyles and eating habits of first-semester students at a private university in Medellín, Colombia during the years 2015-2018. Material and method: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, from secondary sources and with an analytical tendency. The data obtained from an ad hoc questionnaire applied to first-semester students from a private university were taken that investigated their perception of some psychological characteristics, lifestyles and eating habits. Results: A statistically significant association was found between suicidal ideation and meat consumption, as well as sugar consumption with the presence of fear. Proportionally inverse relationship between fruit consumption and the presence of anxiety and sadness. Conclusions: These statistics are of great relevance because they show the need to create plans and projects focused on improving the life habits of students who are beginning to enter university life, since their development will depend on this during their career. Diets low in fat and sugars, but rich in fruits and vegetables, are recommended as elements that can reduce the presence of problems related to mental health.Introducción: existe una relación entre características psicológicas como la ansiedad, el miedo y la tristeza, con los estilos de vida y los hábitos de alimentación, específicamente en la población universitaria. Objetivo: describir las características psicológicas, estilos de vida y hábitos alimentarios de estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad privada en Medellín, Colombia durante los años 2015-2018. Material y método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de fuentes secundarias y con tendencia analítica. Se tomaron los datos obtenidos a partir de un cuestionario ad hoc aplicado a estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad privada que indagó su percepción sobre algunas características psicológicas, estilos de vida y hábitos alimentarios. Resultados: se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la ideación suicida y el consumo de carne, así como el consumo de azúcar con la presencia de miedo. Relación proporcionalmente inversa entre el consumo de frutas y la presencia de ansiedad y tristeza. Conclusiones: estas estadísticas son de gran relevancia debido a que evidencian la necesidad de crear de planes y proyectos enfocados en mejorar los hábitos de vida de los estudiantes que empiezan a incursionar en la vida universitaria, puesto que de esto dependerá el desarrollo de estos durante su carrera profesional. Se recomiendan dietas bajas en grasa y azúcares, pero ricas en frutas y vegetales, como elementos que pueden reducir la presencia de problemáticas relacionadas con la salud mental

3-Hydroxykynurenine and 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Enhance the Toxicity Induced by Copper in Rat Astrocyte Culture

Copper is an integral component of various enzymes, necessary for mitochondrial respiration and other biological functions. Excess copper is related with neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer and is able to modify cellular redox environment, influencing its functions, signaling, and catabolic pathways. Tryptophan degradation through kynurenine pathway produces some metabolites with redox properties as 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HANA). The imbalance in their production is related with some neuropathologies, where the common factors are oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. This study evaluated the effect of these kynurenines on the copper toxicity in astrocyte cultures. It assessed the CuSO4 effect, alone and in combination with 3-HK or 3-HANA on MTT reduction, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), GHS levels, and cell viability in primary cultured astrocytes. Also, the chelating copper effect of 3-HK and 3-HANA was evaluated. The results showed that CuSO4 decreased MTT reduction, MMP, and GSH levels while ROS production and cell death are increasing. Coincubation with 3-HK and 3-HANA enhances the toxic effect of copper in all the markers tested except in ROS production, which was abolished by these kynurenines. Data suggest that 3-HK and 3-HANA increased copper toxicity in an independent manner to ROS production

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Ciudad de Bogotá D.C y municipio de Gachalá.

El conflicto armado, como un tipo de violencia, se evidencia desde diferentes perspectivas y experiencias subjetivas por parte de la víctima donde al recopilarlas se genera una memoria colectiva, una memoria estructurada que define lo que es común en un grupo y lo diferencia de los demás. Este tipo de violencia contiene aspectos psicosociales como el reclutamiento forzado, amenazas, desplazamiento forzado, vulneración de derechos humanos, expropiación de tierras, abandono, rechazo, agresión física y emocional, que afectan el estado de salud (físico, psicológico y social) del individuo. Dentro de este documento se evidencian dos casos, el primero de ellos Carlos Arturo, un hombre trabajador que ha sido una de las tantas víctimas de este conflicto, quien mediante su relato y al exponer su situación se socializó la formulación de diferentes preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas que puedan entregar un concepto integral de su situación, su experiencia de vida y afectación psicosocial. Por otro lado, Peñas Coloradas, lugar poblado por varias víctimas del conflicto armado, ubicado en el territorio del Caquetá a orillas del río Caguán es una población que ha sufrido las consecuencias del conflicto como la falta de apoyo y acciones por parte del gobierno, organizaciones, entidades, etc., lo cual ha sido devastador para la estabilidad y supervivencia de las familias y la comunidad en general, provocando la adaptación, integración y fortalecimiento del tejido social en su nuevo territorio. Evidenciando las necesidades que presenta la comunidad del caso de Peñas Coloradas se exponen tres estrategias psicosociales como sobresalir, espejos internos y externos y tejido psicosocial que abordan las problemáticas existentes, estas incluyen actividades asertivas y adecuadas con el propósito de promover cambios positivos, fortalecimiento emocional y económico, afianzamiento de relaciones sociales y potenciamiento en la producción laboral que refuercen y mejoren la calidad de vida de las víctimas y su entorno. Por último, la foto voz como instrumento utilizado para dar a conocer la subjetividad y realidad de los escenarios de violencia existentes de acuerdo con los ojos del expositor, la percepción que se obtiene y la realidad de la situación, fue utilizado para exponer algunas experiencias subjetivas y personales de las dificultades que se evidencian a nivel nacional. El objetivo de este documento es mostrar la cara de la violencia mediante análisis, preguntas y respuestas, estrategias e imágenes donde se puedan identificar, mitigar y solucionar las diferentes problemáticas del territorio, de la comunidad y del sujeto con el propósito de transformar positivamente su realidad.The armed conflict, as a type of violence, is evidenced from different perspectives and subjective experiences on the part of the victim where, by compiling them, a collective memory is generated, a structured memory that defines what is common in a group and differentiates it from others. This type of violence contains psychosocial aspects such as forced recruitment, threats, forced displacement, violation of human rights, expropriation of land, abandonment, rejection, physical and emotional aggression, which affect the state of health (physical, psychological and social) of the individual. Within this document two cases are evidenced, the first of them Carlos Arturo, a working man who has been one of the many victims of this conflict, who through his story and by exposing his situation, the formulation of different circular, reflexive and strategic questions that can deliver an integral concept of his situation, his life experience and psychosocial affectation was socialized. On the other hand, Peñas Coloradas, a place populated by several victims of the armed conflict, located in the territory of Caquetá on the banks of the Caguán river, is a population that has suffered the consequences of the conflict such as the lack of support and actions by the government, organizations, entities, etc., which has been devastating for the stability and survival of the families and the community in general, causing the adaptation, integration and strengthening of the social fabric in their new territory. Evidencing the needs presented by the community in the case of Peñas Coloradas, three psychosocial strategies are presented, such as "excel", internal and external mirrors and psychosocial fabric that address the existing problems, these include assertive and appropriate activities with the purpose of promoting positive changes, emotional and economic strengthening, strengthening of social relations and empowerment in labor production that reinforce and improve the quality of life of the victims and their environment. Finally, the photo-voice as an instrument used to make known the subjectivity and reality of the existing scenarios of violence according to the eyes of the speaker, the perception obtained and the reality of the situation, was used to expose some subjective and personal experiences of the difficulties that are evident at the national level. The objective of this document is to show the face of violence through analysis, questions and answers, strategies and images where the different problems of the territory, the community and the subject can be identified, mitigated and solved with the purpose of positively transforming their reality

Puntos de encuentro. Investigaciones de posgrado en proceso

“Puntos de encuentro. Investigaciones de posgrado en proceso” es un proyecto de innovación docente que ha pretendido generar espacios para el debate y el diálogo entre estudiantes de doctorado que están realizando su tesis doctoral y profesores y directores de tesis. Se ha contemplado trabajar para la creación de una comunidad de aprendizaje en la que, a través de los vínculos entre los participantes, se posibilite una tutorización entre pares. El equipo de trabajo ha estado compuesto por profesores, doctorandos, becarios de investigación y directores de tesis. Teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza de la investigación en artes, se ha planteado la necesidad de articular espacios transdisciplinares de encuentro en los que abordar las potencialidades de trabajar conjuntamente personas e investigaciones adscritas a distintas áreas de conocimiento afines. Se ha ensayado, así mismo, la confluencia de alumnos que están adscritos en diversas universidades españolas, de tal manera que el contexto en el que realizan sus investigaciones se vea ampliado y se genere una red que pueda posibilitar acciones conjuntas de movilidad en un futuro. Se ha contemplado, por otra parte, fomentar las competencias relativas a la elaboración de textos científicos. Para ello se han realizado una serie de actividades en continuidad que han abordado encuentros mensuales, un seminario de investigación público, espacios de trabajo on-line y una publicación. Esta memoria recoge la valoración de los resultados obtenidos haciendo mención a los objetivos alcanzados, la metodología empleada, al grupo de trabajo adscrito al proyecto y a las actividades desarrolladas a lo largo del curso 2017-18. Presenta a modo de anexo una serie de imágenes de los encuentros realizados y los documentos de difusión del seminario de investigación

Ruxolitinib in refractory acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease : a multicenter survey study

Graft-versus-host disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. First-line treatment is based on the use of high doses of corticosteroids. Unfortunately, second-line treatment for both acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, remains a challenge. Ruxolitinib has been shown as an effective and safe treatment option for these patients. Seventy-nine patients received ruxolitinib and were evaluated in this retrospective and multicenter study. Twenty-three patients received ruxolitinib for refractory acute graft-versus-host disease after a median of 3 (range 1-5) previous lines of therapy. Overall response rate was 69.5% (16/23) which was obtained after a median of 2 weeks of treatment, and 21.7% (5/23) reached complete remission. Fifty-six patients were evaluated for refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease. The median number of previous lines of therapy was 3 (range 1-10). Overall response rate was 57.1% (32/56) with 3.5% (2/56) obtaining complete remission after a median of 4 weeks. Tapering of corticosteroids was possible in both acute (17/23, 73%) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (32/56, 57.1%) groups. Overall survival was 47% (CI: 23-67%) at 6 months for patients with aGVHD (62 vs 28% in responders vs non-responders) and 81% (CI: 63-89%) at 1 year for patients with cGVHD (83 vs 76% in responders vs non-responders). Ruxolitinib in the real life setting is an effective and safe treatment option for GVHD, with an ORR of 69.5% and 57.1% for refractory acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, respectively, in heavily pretreated patients

Introducción

En cada una de las esferas de la estructura social en Colombia se encuentran particularmente ciertos grupos con poder, lo cuales son capaces de coordinar, establecer y modificar políticas públicas según su interés. La influencia que tienen, ya sea en el Gobierno o en alguna otra área, es gracias al poder político, económico o social que han tenido por décadas (tradición familiar) o que han logrado construir al ingresar en cierto grupo social. Según Puello (2010), “élite” se puede definir como una minoría selecta dominante con la capacidad de influir sobre una mayoría dominada; esta minoría selecta se manifiesta en muchos campos más allá del político, como el cultural o el intelectual