Avaliação de trihalometanos no sistema de abastecimento de água em Palmas-TO

Water is a finite and irreplaceable resource in everyday life, used for various activities in our daily lives. Water, if not treated for human consumption, can be a disseminator of waterborne diseases for the population. For the disinfection of water and the elimination of pathogens, chlorine has been the most used chemical agent, due to its high efficiency and low cost. Therefore, the objective of this work was to verify the values of the chlorine and turbidity parameters, distributed in the southern region of the municipality of Palmas-Tocantins. Chlorine was quantified by the portable digital colorimeter and turbidity by the lab turbidimeter in the water sample collection site. For the quantification of trihalomethanes, gas chromatography equipment coupled with mass spectrometry (CG-EM) was used. The study showed that the chlorine and the turbidity found, are in accordance with Consolidation Ordinance No. 5, regardless of the point of collection. Regarding the quantification of trihalomethanes, methodological problems and / or low levels of these substances, they did not allow obtaining conclusive results regarding the presence or not of these compounds in the samples.A água é um recurso finito e insubstituível no dia a dia, utilizado para diversas atividades do nosso cotidiano. A água, se não tratada para o consumo humano, pode ser uma disseminadora de doenças de veiculação hídrica para a população. Para a desinfecção da água e eliminação de patógenos o cloro tem sido o agente químico mais utilizado, devido à alta eficiência e baixo custo. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de verificar os valores dos parâmetros de cloro e turbidez, distribuídos na região sul do município de Palmas-Tocantins. O cloro foi quantificado pelo equipamento colorimetro digital portátil e a turbidez pelo equipamento turbidimetro del lab, no próprio local de coleta das amostras de água. Para a quantificação dos trihalometanos foi utilizada o equipamento de cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa (CG-EM). O estudo mostrou que o cloro e a turbidez encontrados, estão de acordo com a portaria de consolidação nº 5, independendo do ponto de coleta. Com relação a quantificação dos trihalometanos, problemas metodológicos e/ou baixos níveis dessas substâncias, não permitiram a obtenção de resultados conclusivos quanto a presença ou não desses compostos nas amostras

Adaptation of a mobile app for early anxiety and depression intervention in university students in Chile: participatory study

The high prevalence of mental health problems among university students poses a challenge when developing effective interventions, with digital technologies emerging as a potential resource to address this problem. The inclusion of student input in the design and development of such interventions is critical to improving their impact. This study contributed to the initial phase of a research project that aims to adapt and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an early intervention for anxiety and depression based on digital technologies for university students. Three participatory workshops were conducted with 13 university students in Chile to inquire about the features and content that a mental health mobile app should include to meet their needs and preferences. The workshop transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The results of this study highlight the value of modifications such as the personalisation of some features of the app. The students recommended incorporating topics related to university life and the possibility of contacting a mental health professional, as well as the inclusion of peer interaction or other forms of support

A GESTÃO DE ESTOQUES NO MERCADO DE E-COMMERCE

Inventory management is an important issue in the business environment as its inefficient management would cause countless losses to the company. It should be noted that inventory management can vary depending on the business model adopted. In this sense, with the evolution of technology, a business model for the commercialization of products widely used today for e-commerce. With this movement, a question arises on how e-commerce companies use inventory management, and to answer this question, a survey aimed to analyze the literature on the evolution of e-commerce and the types of inventory management suitable for this business model. Thus, this article has as a general objective to present the main stock management acts in e-commerce. As for the specifics, it consists of describing the integrated logistics process; present multimodal transport and establish relationships between integrated logistics and multimodal transport. The methodology used was a literature review, and has a qualitative research approach. The results demonstrate that e-commerce logistics requires speed, systems capable of delivering small loads, real-time order processing, centralized, organized and controlled stocks, the presence of a technologist in the distribution centers enabling the movement of stocks; trained deliverymen; Approaching alternatives such as logistical network partnerships and/or partially sharing their networks.La gestión de inventarios es un tema importante en el entorno empresarial, ya que su gestión ineficiente causaría innumerables pérdidas a la empresa. Cabe señalar que la gestión de inventarios puede variar según el modelo de negocio adoptado. En este sentido, con la evolución de la tecnología, un modelo de negocio para la venta de productos que es muy utilizado en la actualidad fue el comercio electrónico. Con este movimiento surge una pregunta sobre cómo las empresas de comercio electrónico utilizan la gestión de inventarios, y para responder a esta pregunta, la investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar en la literatura la evolución del comercio electrónico y los tipos de gestión de inventarios adecuados para este modelo de negocio. Así, este artículo tiene como objetivo general presentar los principales impactos de la gestión de stock en el comercio electrónico. En cuanto a los específicos, consiste en describir el proceso logístico integrado; presentar el transporte multimodal y establecer relaciones entre la logística integrada y el transporte multimodal. La metodología utilizada fue una revisión de la literatura y tiene un enfoque de investigación cualitativa. Los resultados demuestran que la logística del comercio electrónico requiere rapidez, sistemas capaces de entregar pequeñas cargas, procesamiento de pedidos en tiempo real, stocks centralizados, organizados y controlados, presencia de un tecnólogo en los centros de distribución que permita el movimiento de stocks; repartidores capacitados; adopción de alternativas como asociaciones de redes logísticas y / o compartir parcialmente sus redes.La gestión de inventarios es un tema importante en el entorno empresarial, ya que su gestión ineficiente causaría innumerables pérdidas a la empresa. Cabe señalar que la gestión de inventarios puede variar según el modelo de negocio adoptado. En este sentido, con la evolución de la tecnología, un modelo de negocio para la venta de productos que es muy utilizado en la actualidad fue el comercio electrónico. Con este movimiento surge una pregunta sobre cómo las empresas de comercio electrónico utilizan la gestión de inventarios, y para responder a esta pregunta, la investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar en la literatura la evolución del comercio electrónico y los tipos de gestión de inventarios adecuados para este modelo de negocio. Así, este artículo tiene como objetivo general presentar los principales impactos de la gestión de stock en el comercio electrónico. En cuanto a los específicos, consiste en describir el proceso logístico integrado; presentar el transporte multimodal y establecer relaciones entre la logística integrada y el transporte multimodal. La metodología utilizada fue una revisión de la literatura y tiene un enfoque de investigación cualitativa. Los resultados demuestran que la logística del comercio electrónico requiere rapidez, sistemas capaces de entregar pequeñas cargas, procesamiento de pedidos en tiempo real, stocks centralizados, organizados y controlados, presencia de un tecnólogo en los centros de distribución que permita el movimiento de stocks; repartidores capacitados; adopción de alternativas como asociaciones de redes logísticas y / o compartir parcialmente sus redes

Análisis de brechas de rendimiento de trigo (Triticum aestivum) y arroz (Oryza sativa) en la región del Maule y Biobío

34 p.El cultivo de cereales en Chile ha experimentado un aumento en sus rendimientos en los últimos años. A pesar de esto, la Fundación Para la Innovación Agraria señala que este rubro se ve enfrentado a una serie de limitaciones que restringen la innovación y por ende mayor productividad. Estas limitaciones generan una brecha entre el rendimiento potencial y real. Los rendimientos potenciales se ven en constante aumento producto de los avances en mejoramiento genético y manejo, lo que se traduce en parte en un aumento en los rendimientos de productores. El objetivo del presente es analizar el rendimiento potencial, real y la brecha de rendimiento entre ambos para los cereales trigo y arroz entre los años 1980-2011 en el caso de trigo y 1981-2005 para arroz.Los datos de rendimiento potencial fueron obtenidos de ensayos del CRI-Quilamapu del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, por su parte, para el rendimiento real se utilizaron los rendimientos medios regionales de la base de datos de la Oficina de Estudios y Políticas Agrarias. La brecha de rendimiento se obtuvo a partir del cálculo de la diferencia entre el rendimiento potencial y el rendimiento real. Para el análisis de rendimientos en trigo se construyeron 3 series: Talca, Chillán y Los Ángeles. Por otro lado, en el análisis de rendimientos en arroz, solo se utilizó la serie Chillán. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el modelo de regresión lineal simple o cuadrática de acuerdo al modelo que se ajustó de mejor manera a las cifras obtenidas. El análisis de brechas de rendimiento se realizó usando las medias con un intervalo de 5 años. Se observó que las brechas de rendimiento en trigo para la serie Talca, Chillán y Los Ángeles ha aumentado en el período estudiado. Sin embargo el modelo de regresión sugiere una estabilización de la brecha en los últimos años. Por su parte en el caso del arroz, la brecha ha disminuido en menor grado en el período estudiado. En cuanto a rendimientos potenciales estos en ambos cultivos y en todas las zonas en estudio han tendido a aumentar. Caso similar es el de los rendimientos reales aunque cabe mencionar que el incremento de estos últimos ha sido de menor grado lo cual explicaría el aumento de la brecha./ABSTRACT: Cereal crops in Chile have experienced an increase in yields in the last years. Despite this, the Fundación Para la Innovación Agraria concluded that this sector faced several limitations that restrict innovation, and therefore higher productivity. These limitations create a gap between real and potential yield. Potential yields have experienced a constant increase due to genetic improvements and productive management. The objective of this research is to analyze potential and real yields, along yield gap of wheat and rice between 1980-2011 in the case of wheat, and 1981-2005 for rice. Potential yield data were obtained from field experiments reported by CRI-Quilamapu from the National Agricultural Research Institute, while real yield data were obtained from databases of the Oficina de Estudios y Políticas Agrarias. Yield gap was estimated from the difference between potential and real yield. For the wheat yields analysis were built three series: Talca, Chillán and Los Ángeles. The analysis of rice yields only includes series from Chillán. For data analysis we used linear and quadratic regression It was observed that wheat yield gaps for Talca, Chillán and Los Ángeles has increased during the period of study. However, the regression model suggests stabilization on gap in recent years. On the other hand, in the case of rice, the gap has decreased slightly during the period of study. Potential yields have increased in both crops and in all study areas. Real yields has also experienced the same trend, although the increase of the latter has been lower, which explains the increase in gap

«La medida de su existencia». La abolición de las comunidades indígenas y el juicio de amparo en el contexto desamortizador. (Centro de México, 1856-1910)

This paper delves into the administrative and judicial process of the distribution of the communal property of the Indian population. It examines the consequences of some of the measures taken by the central Mexican states in order to overcome legal hurdles, as well as court decisions. By analyzing records of writs of protection presented by individuals, groups and villages, it aims to determine what the roles of the legislation, the jurisprudence and the judicial practices of the actors were in the transformation of the ownership culture, and how this process interwove with the constitution of State and citizenry.Este trabajo indaga sobre el proceso administrativo y judicial de reparto de la propiedad comunal de la población indígena. Examina las consecuencias de algunas medidas tomadas por estados del centro de México para subsanar escollos legales, así como la actuación de los tribunales. Mediante el análisis de expedientes de juicios de amparo presentados por individuos, grupos y pueblos busca determinar cuáles fueron los roles jugados por la legislación, la jurisprudencia y las prácticas jurídicas de los actores en la transformación de la cultura de la propiedad, y cómo se imbricó este proceso con la construcción del Estado y la ciudadanía

Parents' views and experiences of the Home Mathematics Environment: A cross-country study

The purpose of the current study was to qualitatively explore the home mathematical environment across two regions in two different countries (i.e., Cuba and Mexico), replicating a qualitative study previously conducted in Northern Ireland (NI), United Kingdom (UK; Cahoon et al., 2017). Semi-structured interviews with parents/caregivers of children (3-5-year-olds) in both Mexico (n = 13) and Cuba (n = 40) were completed to investigate their views, experiences and attitudes towards the home mathematical environment. Thematic analysis was used to explore themes relevant to the home mathematical environment. Three consistent themes were found in the Mexican and Cuban data: Numeracy Environment Structure, Expectations and Attitudes and Views of Technology. Two unique themes were found in the Mexico data: Interactions Related to Reading or Mathematics, and Child’s Attitudes in Relation to Mathematics. One unique theme was found in the Cuban interviews: Interactions for Learning. Although diverse themes were identified, consistencies were also observed. This suggests that some home numeracy practices may be universal in nature. This research increases understanding of human development in context

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) production from wastewaters with high salinity-influence of pH, salinity and reactor configuration

The hydrocarbon-based economy is moving at a large pace to a decarbonized sustainable bioeconomy based on biorefining all types of secondary carbohydrate-based raw materials. In this work, 50 g L1 in COD of a mixture of food waste, brine and wastewater derived from a biodiesel production facility were used to produce organic acids, important building-blocks for a biobased industry. High salinity (1218 g L1), different reactors configuration operated in batch mode, and different initial pH were tested. In experiment I, a batch stirred reactor (BSR) at atmospheric pressure and a granular sludge bed column (GSBC) were tested with an initial pH of 5. In the end of the experiment, the acidification yield (a) was similar in both reactors (2224%, w/w); nevertheless, lactic acid was in lower concentrations in BSR (6.3 g L1 in COD), when compared to GSBC (8.0 g L1 in COD), and valeric was the dominant acid, reaching 17.3% (w/w) in the BSR. In experiment II, the BSR and a pressurized batch stirred reactor (PBSR, operated at 6 bar) were tested with initial pH 7. The a and the VFA concentration were higher in the BSR (46%, 22.8 g L1 in COD) than in the PBSR (41%, 20.3 g/L in COD), and longer chain acids were more predominant in BSR (24.4% butyric, 6.7% valeric, and 6.2% caproic acids) than in PBSR (23.2%, 6.2%, and 4.2%, respectively). The results show that initial pH of 7 allows achieving higher a, and the BSR presents the most suitable reactor among tested configurations to produce VFA from wastes/wastewaters with high salinity.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Research of M. Carvalho was supported by the SALTIPHA project (PTDC/BTA-BTA/30902/2017), under the funding program 02/SAICT/2017-Projetos de Investigação Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (IC&DT) with reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030902. J.V. Oliveira acknowledges the financial support of the FCT through the grant attributed (SFRH/BD/111911/2015).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relationship between lexical frequency and vocabulary acquisition: how to acquire a language

ABSTRACT Vocabulary acquisition and language learning are very dynamic process in which many factors are in play. One of these is lexical frequency, which refers to how much frequently a word is uttered in a language. As such, it can be said that the more a word is present in a language, the easier it is to be acquired. In this study, we tried to find the relationship between lexical frequency and vocabulary acquisition in the process of learning a first and second language. The results of this study showed that there is indeed a relation between how frequently a word is used in a language and how quickly it is learned. Consequently, focusing on frequently used vocabulary might aid in the process of learning a language. However, it was found that it is difficult to choose a reliable frequency list that would give an accurate picture of a language. Frequency lists might vary depending on the context, although most still resemble each other in content. Additionally, although it has been demonstrated that frequency plays a big role in language learning, foreign language instruction has yet to catch up with lexical frequency in the classroom. KEYWORDS: Lexicon; Lexical competence; vocabulary; foreign language. Relación entre el léxico y la adquisición de vocabulario: cómo adquirir un idioma RESUMEN La adquisición de vocabulario y el aprendizaje de idiomas son procesos muy dinámicos en los que intervienen muchos factores. Uno de ellos es la frecuencia léxica, que se refiere a la frecuencia con que se pronuncia una palabra en un idioma. Así pues, puede decirse que cuanto más presente esté una palabra en un idioma, más fácil será su adquisición. En el presente estudio se ha tratado de encontrar la relación entre la frecuencia léxica y la adquisición de vocabulario en el proceso de aprendizaje de un primer y un segundo idioma. Los resultados de este estudio demostraron que existe efectivamente una relación entre la frecuencia con que se utiliza una palabra en un idioma y la rapidez con que se aprende. Por consiguiente, centrarse en el vocabulario de uso frecuente podría ayudar en el proceso de aprendizaje de un idioma. Sin embargo, se comprobó que es difícil elegir una lista de frecuencias fiable que dé una imagen exacta de un idioma. Las listas de frecuencias pueden variar según el contexto, aunque la mayoría de ellas siguen pareciéndose entre sí en cuanto a su contenido. Además, aunque se ha demostrado que la frecuencia desempeña un papel importante en el aprendizaje de idiomas, la enseñanza de idiomas extranjeros todavía no ha alcanzado la frecuencia léxica en el aula. PALABRAS CLAVE: Léxico; competencia léxica; vocabulario; idioma extranjer