As adolescentes e a medida socioeducativa de internação : rompendo o silêncio

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Psicologia Escolar e do Desenvolvimento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos de Desenvolvimento Humano e Saúde, 2015.O cotidiano das relações sociais e das normas institucionais vivenciado pelas adolescentes nas unidades de internação, ao longo do cumprimento de medida socioeducativa, constitui um tema ainda pouco investigado. A presente pesquisa aborda o tema da infração juvenil feminina a partir de uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica que integra o modelo sociocultural do desenvolvimento humano aos estudos de gênero. Os processos de desenvolvimento subjetivo das adolescentes que cumprem medida socioeducativa de internação constituem o objeto de investigação privilegiado neste estudo. O objetivo central do trabalho foi investigar como essas adolescentes significam o processo socioeducativo. Para tanto, adotou-se a metodologia da pesquisa-intervenção em que, por meio de uma oficina pedagógica denominada Oficina de Reflexão foram discutidos e problematizados diversos aspectos do processo socioeducativo. A intervenção foi realizada ao longo de dez encontros nos quais diferentes recursos simbólicos como músicas, textos e vídeos foram utilizados no intuito de evocar reflexões e narrativas que motivassem posicionamentos pessoais das adolescentes sobre as especificidades do atendimento socioeducativo. Participaram da Oficina de Reflexão a pesquisadora, uma auxiliar de pesquisa e 11 adolescentes do sexo feminino que à época cumpriam medida socioeducativa de internação. As sessões de intervenção foram gravadas em áudio e a análise qualitativa dos dados foi realizada à luz de quatro dimensões de análise, a saber: Promoção de Desenvolvimento ↔ Privação de Liberdade; O Olhar das Adolescentes Sobre a Instituição Socioeducativa ↔ O Olhar Institucional Sobre a Infração Juvenil Feminina; Interação Social ↔ Isolamento; Processos Reflexivos ↔ Reprodução do Discurso Institucional. As análises evidenciaram que as adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas lidam com dificuldades ainda mais complexas que os adolescentes porque, entre outras razões, o universo socioeducativo ainda é fortemente marcado por uma cultura masculina. Sendo assim, as assimetrias de gênero são sustentadas por crenças e valores sexistas que permeiam o atendimento socioeducativo. Elas se manifestam, sobretudo, por meio de atitudes de discriminação às adolescentes acauteladas. Desse modo, os resultados levam à compreensão de que as adolescentes se tornam objeto de um processo de exclusão social como parte de um contexto institucional que favorece a reprodução de normas patriarcais dominantes que contribuem para a invisibilização da infração juvenil feminina no contexto investigado.The social relations and institutional rules experienced on a daily basis by female adolescents fulfilling socio-educational measures in detention facilities is a topic not yet thoroughly investigated. This study addresses the issue of female juvenile delinquency from a theoretical and methodological perspective that integrates the socio-cultural model of human development to gender studies. The subjective development processes of adolescents fulfilling socio-educational measures of internment are the focus of this study, whose main goal was to investigate how these female adolescents signify the socio-educational process. The methodology used was intervention research in which, through a pedagogical workshop called Reflection Workshop, different aspects of the socio-educational process were discussed and called into question. The intervention was conducted over ten meetings in which different symbolic representations such as songs, texts and videos were used in order to evoke thoughts and narratives that would motivate the young girls to express their personal views on specific aspects of socialeducational assistance. Participants in the Reflection Workshop included the researcher, a research assistant and 11 female adolescents who at that time were fulfilling socioeducational measures of internment. The intervention sessions were audio-recorded and a qualitative data analysis was carried out in the light of four analysis dimensions, namely: Promotion of Development ↔ Deprivation of Freedom; The Young Girls’ Views on the Socio-educational Institution ↔ The Institutional View on Female Juvenile Delinquency; Social Interaction ↔ Isolation; Reflective Processes ↔ Reproduction of the Institutional Discourse. The analysis showed that female adolescents in fulfillment of educational measures face much more complex problems than male adolescents because, among other reasons, the socio-educational universe is still strongly dominated a male-oriented culture. Gender asymmetries are therefore supported by sexist beliefs and values that permeate all activities related to socioeducational assistance. They are expressed mainly through discriminatory behaviors against female adolescents under protective measure. Finally, the results lead to the realization that female adolescents become the subject of a process of social exclusion as part of an institutional context that favors the reproduction of a dominant patriarchal order that contributes to the invisibility of female juvenile delinquency in the context investigated

Tratamento da informação em acervos culturais: avaliação do uso de vocabulários controlados em coleções museológicas sob gestão do Instituto Brasileiro de Museus

In recent years, there has been a considerable trend of cultural heritage institutions joining the process of digitizing and making their collection data available on the internet. However, the quality of this data must be measured. To this end, this study seeks to evaluate the adequacy of the online museum collections made available by the Brazilian Institute of Museums regarding the use of a controlled vocabulary, according to the guidelines of the Cataloging of Cultural Objects reference guide. The metadata used by the Brazilian Institute of Museums was aligned with the cataloging guide; subsequently, a Python script was developed to process the collection data and calculate the adequacy to the recommendation of using a controlled vocabulary. The results indicate that only 5 of the recommended 9 elements use a controlled vocabulary. Additionally, despite these collections being managed by the Brazilian Institute of Museums, cataloging practices are not aligned between institutions. Therefore, it is recommended that cataloging practices based on reference instruments be incorporated into the metadata modeling of museum collections managed by the Brazilian Institute of Museums, with the aim of improving the documentation standards currently in use.En los últimos años, se ha observado una considerable adhesión de las instituciones de patrimonio cultural al proceso de digitalización y disponibilización de los datos de sus acervos en internet. Sin embargo, la calidad de estos datos debe ser medida. Para ello, este trabajo busca evaluar la adecuación de las colecciones museológicas disponibles en línea por el Instituto Brasileño de Museos en cuanto al uso de un vocabulario controlado, de acuerdo con las orientaciones de la guía de catalogación de objetos culturales de referencia, el Cataloging of Cultural Objects. Se realizó el alineamiento de los metadatos utilizados por el Instituto Brasileño de Museos y la guía de catalogación; a continuación, se desarrolló un script en Python para procesamiento de los datos de las colecciones y se calculó la adecuación a la recomendación del uso de vocabulario controlado. Los resultados indican que sólo 5 de los 9 elementos recomendados utilizan vocabulario controlado. Además, aunque estas colecciones están bajo la gestión del Instituto Brasileño de Museos, las prácticas de catalogación no están alineadas entre las instituciones. Se recomienda, por lo tanto, que se incorporen prácticas de catalogación basadas en instrumentos de referencia en la modelación de metadatos de las colecciones museológicas bajo gestión del Instituto Brasileño de Museos, con el objetivo de calificar los estándares de documentación en uso actualmente.Nos últimos anos, tem-se observado considerável adesão das instituições de patrimônio cultural ao processo de digitalização e disponibilização dos dados de seus acervos na internet. No entanto, a qualidade desses dados deve ser mensurada. Para isso, este trabalho busca avaliar a adequação das coleções museológicas disponibilizadas online pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Museus quanto ao uso de um vocabulário controlado, de acordo com as orientações do guia de catalogação de objetos culturais de referência, o Cataloging of Cultural Objects. Foi realizado o alinhamento dos metadados utilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Museus e o guia de catalogação; em sequência, foi desenvolvido um script em Python para processamento dos dados das coleções e calculada a adequação à recomendação ao uso de vocabulário controlado. Os resultados apontam que apenas 5 dos 9 elementos recomendados utilizam vocabulário controlado. Além disso, apesar de essas coleções estarem sob gestão do Instituto Brasileiro de Museus, as práticas de catalogação não estão alinhadas entre as instituições. Recomenda-se, portanto, que sejam incorporadas práticas de catalogação baseadas em instrumentos de referência na modelagem de metadados das coleções museológicas sob gestão do Instituto Brasileiro de Museus, visando qualificar os padrões de documentação em uso atualmente

Influence of Feeding Weaned Piglets with Laminaria digitata on the Quality and Nutritional Value of Meat

Laminaria digitata is a novel feedstuff that can be used in pig diets to replace conventional feedstuffs. However, its resilient cell wall can prevent the monogastric digestive system from accessing intracellular nutrients. Carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) supplementation is a putative solution for this problem, degrading the cell wall during digestion. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 10% L. digitata feed inclusion and CAZyme supplementation on the meat quality and nutritional value of weaned piglets. Forty weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four experimental groups (n = 10): control, LA (10% L. digitata, replacing the control diet), LAR (LA + CAZyme (0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP)) and LAL (LA + CAZyme (0.01% alginate lyase)) and the trial lasted for two weeks. The diets had no effect on any zootechnical parameters measured (p > 0.05) and meat quality traits, except for the pH measured 24 h post-mortem, which was higher in LAL compared to LA (p = 0.016). Piglets fed with seaweed had a significantly lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio compared to control, to which the higher accumulation of C20:5n-3 (p = 0.001) and C18:4n-3 (p < 0.0001) contributed. In addition, meat of seaweed-fed piglets was enriched with bromine (Br, p < 0.001) and iodine (I, p < 0.001) and depicted a higher oxidative stability. This study demonstrates that the nutritional value of piglets’ meat could be improved by the dietary incorporation of L. digitata, regardless of CAZyme supplementation, without negatively affecting growth performance in the post-weaning stageinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect on Broiler Production Performance and Meat Quality of Feeding Ulva lactuca Supplemented with Carbohydrases

Macroalgae have been increasingly exploited worldwide for feed, food and biofuel applications, due to their nutritive and bioactive compounds. Green seaweeds belonging to the genus Ulva have high growth rates, which makes them suitable for being cultured in sustainable algae production, such as an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system. This is expected to increase the use of Ulva sp. as an alternative source to conventional feedstuffs (e.g., cereals and soybean meal) for poultry. The objective of the current study was to assess if the incorporation of 15% Ulva lactuca in broiler chickens’ diet, combined or not with carbohydrate-active enzymes, would enhance meat nutritional quality without compromising animal growth performance. Overall, U. lactuca led to an accumulation of antioxidant carotenoids, n-3 PUFA and macrominerals, including magnesium, potassium and phosphorus, in the breast muscle, with likely health benefits, without significantly impairing growth performance. The supplementation of macroalgae with a recombinant ulvan lyase reduced ileal viscosity with possible beneficial effects on broiler digestibility. Although dietary U. lactuca showed potential to increase meat quality, it reduced meat overall acceptability, which suggests the use of a lower algae inclusion level to prevent a negative meat sensory perception for consumersinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Enhancing meat quality of weaned piglets with the dietary incorporation of Ulva lactuca and carbohydrases supplementation

Pubmed Free articleThe impact of the dietary incorporation of 7% Ulva lactuca, a green seaweed, on the quality and nutritional value of piglet’s meat was assessed. U. lactuca is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds but its cell wall is composed of complex polysaccharides that reduce their bioavailability. Therefore, the effect of supplementing piglet diets with exogenous carbohydrases was also assessed here. A total of 40 male weaned piglets were divided into four dietary groups, each with 10 piglets: control (wheat, maize and soybean meal-based diet), UL (7% U. lactuca replacing the control diet), UL +R (UL and 0.005% Rovabio®), and UL +E (UL and 0.01% ulvan lyase). The piglets were fed the diets for 2 weeks. The results showed that incorporating U. lactuca in piglet diets did not influence most of the meat quality traits (P >0.05). However, the incorporation of U. lactuca with the commercial carbohydrase (UL +R) increased the amount of the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) in their meat (P =0.011) compared with the control, by 54%. In addition, meat from piglets fed seaweed diets showed a nearly two-fold increase in iodine contents (P <0.001). Meat tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability of piglets fed the control diet and the UL diet were lower than those fed the diets containing seaweed and carbohydrases (P <0.001). Overall, the findings indicate that 7% U. lactuca in the diets of weaned piglets had no major detrimental effects on meat quality and their carbohydrase supplementation has the potential to improve meat sensory traits.Funding: This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, through PTDC/CAL-ZOO/30238/2017 grant, associated with a post-doc contract to M.C., and PhD fellowships to J.M. P. (SFRH/BPD/116816/2016) and D.M.R. (SFRH/BD/143992/2019). CIISA (UIDB/00276/2020), AL4AnimalS (LA/P/0059/2020) and LEAF (UIDB/04129/2020) grants, also from FCT, are also acknowledged. The authors acknowledge Teresa Costa from Indukern, Lda. (Sintra, Portugal), for the Rovabio® Excel AP kind donation. The graphical abstract was created using BioRender.com (https://biorender.com/).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Imigração, patrimônio cultural e turismo no Brasil

The heritage of immigration, like all cultural expression, has multiple forms and understanding permeates the approach to several issues, among them: the various manifestations of cultural heritage, the intentions of conservation actions and appreciation of the cultural heritage of immigrant groups and practices for the resonance of this heritage, such as tourism. The objective of this paper is to analyze the heritage of immigration as a phenomenon that was constituted in a particular environment, not only by the above issues, but also as a particular form of instituting the past in the present and its consequences for the construction of collective identitiesO patrimônio da imigração, como toda expressão cultural, possui múltiplas formas e sua compreensão perpassa pela abordagem de várias questões, dentre elas: as várias manifestações do patrimônio cultural; as intencionalidades das ações de preservação e valorização da herança cultural de grupos de imigrantes; e as práticas para a ressonância deste patrimônio, como é o caso do turismo. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o patrimônio da imigração como fenômeno que se constituiu num ambiente determinado, não só pelas questões acima, mas também como uma forma particular de instituir o passado no presente e seus desdobramentos para a construção de identidades coletivas