Risco de transmissão de herpesvírus bovino pelo sêmen no Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Animal, 2013.A transmissão do herpesvirus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1), agente causador da Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina/Vulvovaginite Pustular Infecciosa (IBR/IPV), de forma direta ou indireta pelo sêmen, é um risco a ser avaliado e mitigado, tendo em vista os prejuízos sanitários e econômicos provocados por esta doença no rebanho bovino nacional. Apesar do BoHV-1 ser um dos agentes infecciosos para os quais os reprodutores bovinos devem ser testados a fim de ingressarem e se manterem em centros de coleta e processamento de sêmen, segundo as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal (OIE), a legislação brasileira não estabelece requisitos em relação a este agente para coleta, processamento e comercialização de sêmen no país. Foi realizada avaliação qualitativa do risco de transmissão do agente a partir de sêmen contaminado, considerando-se diferentes biotécnicas de reprodução – inseminação artificial (IA), transferência de embriões produzidos in vivo (TE) ou in vitro (PIV) – e o atendimento à legislação nacional vigente e às recomendações da Sociedade Internacional de Transferência de Embriões (IETS). Verificou- se risco insignificante de transmissão para receptoras de embriões produzidos in vivo, sobretudo devido à segurança conferida pelos procedimentos de manipulação recomendados pela IETS. Na PIV, a probabilidade de transmissão do BoHV-1 para receptoras foi avaliada como extremamente baixa. Já na IA, a probabilidade de transmissão do BoHV-1 à fêmea inseminada é baixa ou moderada, dependendo da adoção ou não de teste laboratorial para detecção do agente nas doses de sêmen a serem comercializadas. Diante do exposto, destaca- se a importância da adequação da legislação nacional de forma a exigir a adoção de método diagnóstico rápido e sensível, como a PCR, como condicionante para a comercialização de sêmen bovino no país. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe transmission of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), the causative agent of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis /Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IBR / IPV), directly or indirectly by semen, is a risk that must be assessed and mitigated, due to the economic and health impact of this disease to the national cattle herd. Despite the fact that BoHV-1 is one of the infectious agents for which bulls must be tested in order to enter and remain in artificial insemination centers, according to the recommendations of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the Brazilian regulation for collection, processing and distribution of semen in the country does not establish requirements for this pathogen. We undertook a qualitative assessment of risk of transmission of the agent by semen, considering different reproductive biotechnologies – artificial insemination (AI), embryo transfer (ET) or in vitro production of embryos (IVP) – and compliance with national regulations as well as with the recommendations of the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS). The risk of transmission to recipients of embryos produced in vivo was negligible, given the security of the manipulation procedures recommended by IETS. With regard to IVP, the probability of transmission of BoHV-1 to recipients was extremely low. The likelihood of transmission of BoHV-1 to female inseminated via AI was low or moderate, depending on whether the semen is PCR tested. There is a case for the adoption of a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method, such as PCR, as a condition for the marketing of bovine semen doses in Brazil

Indicators For Evaluating Overweight And Obesity Actions In Primary Care - A Scoping Review Protocol / Indicadores Para Avaliar Acções De Excesso De Peso E Obesidade Nos Cuidados Primários - Um Protocolo De Revisão Do Âmbito

Background: The evaluation of health policies and actions allows us to measure the effectiveness of interventions and to suggest adjustments in order to achieve the desired outcome. Identifying indicators that reflect the different aspects of coping with overweight and obesity is a challenge for health evaluators, and shows the scope and relevance of the evaluative studies in the area. Aim:This article aims to present a protocol for a scoping review on the mapping of indicators used in primary care to monitor and evaluate actions for dealing with overweight and obesity. It is intended to answer the following questions: What are the indicators used to assess and monitor actions to deal with overweight and obesity in primary care? Are the indicators used able to assess and monitor the different components inherent in the recommended interventions to address overweight and obesity in primary care? Are the indicators used in line with the principles of primary care?Methods:The protocol described here was based on the recommendations of the PRISMA EXTENSION FOR SCOPING REVIEWS - PRISMA -Scr and the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Expected Results: It is hoped that the results of the scoping review can contribute to the improvement of health evaluation related to overweight and obesity in primary care. In order to disseminate the results and make it possible to reach the actors involved with overweight and obesity, the results of the scoping review will be published in a scientific magazine and presented at conferences and other relevant events

Efeito dos inseticidas botânicos aplicados no manejo agroecológico de pragas na cultura do milho doce

Thus, we recommend that the researches involved in the short-term studies, follow the criteria presents in the biodiversity monitoring protocols in order to improve the data accuracy and make recommendations and predictions based on a more reliable data. The occurrence of diseases, weeds and insect pests, together or individually can significantly affect the productive potential of the corn plant. The use of botanical insecticides has been increasing over the years as it causes less damage to human health and the environment. Substances of botanical origin have a broad spectrum of action, controlling different pests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of botanical insecticides in population and behavioral dynamics of natural enemies in the sweet corn crop being measured population density of these in the field before and after the application of botanical insecticides. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Practices Center (CEPAGRO), located at the University Center Icesp, where it was observed the effective infestation of the cartridge caterpillar. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments (citronella, garlic, pepper and control) and four replications, totaling 16 subjects in each treatment. All treatments were significant and effective, being that Citronella and pepper insecticides presented the best results. Keywords: Zea mays L; Spodoptera frugiperda; sustainability; organic production system.ing======================================================================A ocorrência de doenças, plantas daninhas e insetos pragas, juntos ou individualmente podem afetar significativamente o potencial produtivo da planta de milho. O uso de inseticidas botânicos vem aumentando com o decorrer dos anos, pois causa menos danos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. As substâncias de origem botânica apresentam amplo espectro de ação, controlando diferentes pragas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos inseticidas botânicos na dinâmica populacional e comportamental de inimigos naturais na cultura do milho doce, sendo mensurada a densidade populacional destes no campo antes e depois da aplicação dos inseticidas botânicos. O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Práticas Agrícolas (CEPAGRO) localizado no Centro Universitário Icesp, onde foi observado à infestação efetiva da lagarta do cartucho. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (citronela, alho, pimenta e testemunha) e quatro repetições, totalizando 16 indivíduos em cada tratamento. Todos os tratamentos foram significativos e eficazes, sendo que os inseticidas de citronela e pimenta apresentaram os melhores resultados.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L; Spodoptera frugiperda; sustentabilidade; sistema orgânico de produção

Correlation between different methods of assessing bone maturation

Introduction: the skeletal maturity of na individual can be evaluated through different methods and it is an important tool to the diagnostic and treatment in othodontics. Objective: to verify the correlation between different methods of assessing bone maturation:Carpal Maturation Index (CMI), Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Stages (CVM) and Dental Mineralization Stages (DM). Methodology: the sample consisted of digitalized images of cephalometric, panoramic and hand and wrist radiographs of 73 patients. 50 wereselected for analysis. Two examiners were properly calibrated, through images analysis from another database. Inter and intraexaminer reliability was measured by Kappa coefficient. The images were assessed according to Fishman (1982), Baccetti, Franchi andMcNamara Junior (2002) and Nolla (1960) methods. All images were coded and data of all analyzes was transferred to spreadsheets. The data was processed in Matlab program for Windows, version 7.10.0, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: the results demonstrated a positive correlation among bone maturity methods (CMI, CVM and DM), as well as between those methods and chronological age. Females showed precocity in reaching the stages of skeletal maturation indicators and CVM comparedto males. It was observed that there was a correspondence between maturation methods for both genders. Conclusion: there was a correlation between skeletal maturation assessment methods and dental mineralization in patients. Significant differences were observed between genders for skeletal maturity assessment methods. There was a relation between the methods used for skeletal maturation and dental mineralization, as well as chronological age

Analysis of neuroretinal rim distribution and vascular pattern in eyes with presumed large physiological cupping: a comparative study

Background: To investigate possible differences in neuroretinal rim distribution, vascular pattern, and peripapillary region appearance between eyes with presumed large physiological optic disc cupping (pLPC) and eyes with minimal optic disc excavation.Methods: We prospectively enrolled consecutive subjects with pLPC and individuals with minimal excavation (optic disc excavation within normal limits; control group). All eyes had normal visual fields and untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) = 0.6 and >= 30 months of follow-up with no evidence of glaucomatous neuropathy. for controls, VCDR was limited to <= 0.5. We compared ocular signs and characteristics related to the neuroretinal rim distribution, vascular pattern, peripapillary region appearance and disc size between groups. Whenever both eyes were eligible, one was randomly selected for analysis.Results: A total of 74 patients (mean age, 45.6 +/- 14.9 years) with pLPC and 45 controls (mean age, 44.8 +/- 11.6 years) were enrolled (p = 0.76). Median disc size and VCDR was significantly larger in eyes with pLPC compared to controls (p < 0.01). the proportion of eyes with violation of the ISNT rule, laminar dot sign, nasal shifting of the central vessels, nasal excavation and baring of circumlinear vessel was significantly greater in the eyes with pLPC compared to controls (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences regarding the proportions of eyes with peripapillary atrophy between groups (p < 0.09). Finally, disc size was significantly associated with VCDR (r(2) = 0.47, p < 0.01), with an increase of 0.21 in VCDR for each 1 mm(2) in disc area.Conclusion: Compared to normal controls, eyes with pLPC may present a higher proportion of optic nerve head findings frequently observed in glaucomatous eyes. This seems to be explained in part by the larger discs found in these eyes. We believe care should be taken while classifying them as glaucomatous or not based solely on these characteristics.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, BR-04021001 São Paulo, BrazilHosp Med Olhos, Glaucoma Unit, BR-06018180 Osasco, SP, BrazilMayo Clin, Dept Ophthalmol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, BR-04021001 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Epinecrophylla, a new genus of antwrens (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae)

We offer a new generic name for the stipple-throated assemblage of antwrens (Thamnophilidae) currently placed in the genus Myrmotherula. Molecular studies demonstrated that Myrmotherula is polyphyletic, with the stippled-throated group forming a clade that is not sister to any other currently recognized Myrmotherula species. The stipple-throated assemblage is distinguished morphologically by at least one sex having a black throat stippled white or buffy white combined with a comparatively long, unmarked tail, although three populations considered subspecies have lost one of these characters. The distinct evolution of this assemblage is supported by diagnostic behavioral characters derived from foraging behaviors, vocal repertoires, and nest architecture

Interventions carried out in primary health care to deal with overweight and obesity - a scoping review / Intervenções realizadas na atenção primária à saúde para lidar com o excesso de peso e a obesidade - uma revisão do escopo

Introduction and objectives: overweight and obesity are important public health problems which have a negative impact on the quality of life of individuals and on health systems around the world.  Primary Health Care (PHC) becomes a crucial health care model for addressing the problem of overweight and obesity.This study presents the protocol of a scoping review that aims to describe the interventions related to dealing with overweight and obesity in PHC, identifying the obstacles and facilitators for their implementation.Methods and Analysis: the scoping review protocol presented was based on the recommendations of the Prisma Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-SCR), as well as the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley.The research questions were elaborated by a multidisciplinary team of researchers, graduate students and professors belonging to a research group working in the area of health policy and program evaluation. In addition, two pilot studies were carried out to refine the questions and to improve the online article research and consequently the protocol.The bibliometric databases that will be used are PUBMED, EBSCO, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE; using specific keywords for each database to orientate the search for original articles written in English.Every step of the research will be carried out by two researchers working independently. The steps include: searching the selected databases with the keywords; reading the title and summary of the articles found; reading the selected articles in full and transferring the data extracted from the articles to a table; a thematic analysis of the results.Ethics and Dissemination: the results of the scoping review will be published in a scientific journal and presented at conferences and other scientific events.It is hoped that the presentation and discussion of the findings of the scoping review proposed in this protocol can help researchers, health professionals and planners of PHC policies and programs to identify gaps in the literature, to reflect upon the experiments conducted around the world, and to explore possibilities for adapting successful interventions to varied geographical and cultural contexts

Nutritional status of pregnant adolescents assisted in Primary Care: A time series study with data from the state of Minas Gerais

Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, que teve como objetivo analisar a tendência do estado nutricional de gestantes adolescentes assistidas pela atenção primária à saúde em Minas Gerais. Os dados foram provenientes do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, referente ao estado nutricional de 140.969 gestantes adolescentes entre os anos de 2010 a 2019; apresentados em variação percentual anual por meio da regressão linear simples. O baixo peso mostrou tendência decrescente nas macrorregiões Sul e Triângulo do Norte com variaçãoanual de -0,88% (IC95% -1,67; -0,09) e -0,79% (IC95% -1,06; -0,51) e o excesso de peso registrou tendênciacrescente nas macrorregiões Nordeste, Noroeste, Norte, Triângulo do Sul e Vale do Aço com a variação anual de 0,28% (IC95% 0,04;0,52), 0,37% (IC95% 0,23;0,51), 0,64% (IC95% 0,32;0,95), 0,44% (IC95% 0,18;0,70) e 0,57% (IC95% 0,26;0,88), respectivamente. Conclui-se que, no período avaliado, houve a tendência de aumento do excesso de peso entre as gestantes adolescentes no estado de Minas Gerais, acompanhando o processo detransição nutricional no país.An ecological and time-series study to analyze trends in the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents assisted in Primary Health Care in Minas Gerais. The data came from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, referring to the nutritional status of 140,969 pregnant adolescents between 2010 and 2019, presented in annual percentage change using simple linear regression. Low weight showed a decreasing trend in the South and Northern Trianglemacro-regions with annual variations of -0.88% (95% CI: -1.67;-0.09) and -0.79% (95% CI: -1.06;-0.51); inturn, excess weight recorded an increasing trend in the Northeast, Northwest, North, Southern Triangle and Vale do Aço macro-regions, with annual variations of 0.28% (95% CI: 0.04;0.52), 0.37% (95% CI: 0.23;0.51), 0.64% (95% CI: 0.32;0.95), 0.44% (95% CI: 0.18;0.70), and 0.57% (95% CI: 0.26;0.88), respectively. It is concluded that, during the evaluated period, there was an increasing trend in excess weight among pregnant adolescents in the state of Minas Gerais, following the nutritional transition process in the country