A Mixed-Cohort Study

Funding: This study was partially supported by the Portuguese Neonatal Society through the Grant ‘Nutricia Early Life Nutrition 2019’.The optimal method for human milk (HM) fortification has not yet been determined. This study assessed whether fortification relying on measured HM macronutrient content (Miris AB analyzer, Upsala, Sweden) composition is superior to fortification based on assumed HM macronutrient content, to optimize the nutrition support, growth, and body composition in infants born at <33 weeks' gestation. In a mixed-cohort study, 57 infants fed fortified HM based on its measured content were compared with 58 infants fed fortified HM based on its assumed content, for a median of 28 and 23 exposure days, respectively. The ESPGHAN 2010 guidelines for preterm enteral nutrition were followed. Growth assessment was based on body weight, length, and head circumference Δ z-scores, and the respective growth velocities until discharge. Body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography. Fortification based on measured HM content provided significantly higher energy, fat, and carbohydrate intakes, although with a lower protein intake in infants weighing ≥ 1 kg and lower protein-to-energy ratio in infants weighing < 1 kg. Infants fed fortified HM based on its measured content were discharged with significantly better weight gain, length, and head growth. These infants had significantly lower adiposity and greater lean mass near term-equivalent age, despite receiving higher in-hospital energy and fat intakes, with a mean fat intake higher than the maximum recommended and a median protein-to-energy ratio intake (in infants weighing < 1 kg) lower than the minimum recommended.publishersversionpublishe

Social representation of crack cocaine in Brasilia's media press

O crack tem sido tema recorrente em matérias jornalísticas e discursos políticos. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar como a mídia local representa a droga. Baseadas na Teoria das Representações Sociais foram analisadas 76 reportagens de 2009 do jornal Correio Braziliense, utilizando-se o software ALCESTE que gerou seis classes. Destacaram-se três representações sociais: droga como flagelo da humanidade, ações policiais indistintas contra usuários ou traficantes e internação do usuário como solução do problema. As representações sociais encontradas alinham-se com a abordagem estigmatizante e repressiva ao usuário de drogas que ainda o considera ora como criminoso, ora como doente e perpetuam sua clandestinidade e limitam a compreensão do fenômeno.Crack cocaine has been a recurrent topic in newspaper articles and in recent political speeches. This research aimed to identify how the local media represents the drug. Based on the Theory of Social Representations 76 articles published during 2009 in the Correio Braziliense newspaper were analyzed. The content of the articles was analyzed with the software ALCESTE, which generated six classes. Three social representations were highlighted: drug as a scourge of humanity, indistinct police actions against users and drug dealers and hospitalization as a solution of the problem. We observed that the social representations are consistent with a stigmatizing and repressive approach, which still consider drug users as criminal or sick persons, reinforcing the maintenance of their underground status and limiting the understanding of the phenomenon

REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DO CRACK NA MÍDIA

Crack cocaine has been a recurrent topic in newspaper articles and in recent political speeches. This researchaimed to identify how the local media represents the drug. Based on the Theory of Social Representations 76 articles publishedduring 2009 in the Correio Braziliense newspaper were analyzed. The content of the articles was analyzed with the softwareALCESTE, which generated six classes. Three social representations were highlighted: drug as a scourge of humanity,indistinct police actions against users and drug dealers and hospitalization as a solution of the problem. We observed that thesocial representations are consistent with a stigmatizing and repressive approach, which still consider drug users as criminalor sick persons, reinforcing the maintenance of their underground status and limiting the understanding of the phenomenon.O crack tem desafiado o sistema de saúde, configurando-se em um dos alvos das políticas de governo. O artigo tem como objetivo identificar as representações sociais veiculadas pela mídia sobre o usuário de crack. Com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais, foram analisadas as 76 reportagens do jornal Correio Braziliense publicadas em 2009 sobre o tema. Utilizou-se o software ALCESTE que gerou uma análise lexical das 93 unidades de contexto inicial, agrupando-as em seis classes. A partir das classes, foram destacadas três representações sociais: a droga como flagelo da humanidade, as ações indistintas da polícia contra usuários ou traficantes e a internação do usuário como solução do problema. Observou-se que as representações sociais se coadunam com a abordagem estigmatizante e repressiva do usuário de drogas, a qual continua a considerar o usuário como criminoso ou doente, reforçando a manutenção de sua clandestinidade e limitando a compreensão do fenômeno

Recovery of immunoglobulin G from rabbit serum using k-carrageenan-modified hybrid magnetic nanoparticles

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been used in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases and neurological disorders, however, the current technologies to purify and recover IgG from biological media are of high-cost and time-consuming, resulting in high-cost products. In this sense, the search for cost-effective technologies to obtain highly pure and active IgG is highly required. The present work proposes a simple and efficient method for the purification and recovery of IgG from rabbit serum using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetite, Fe3O4) coated with hybrid shells of a siliceous material modified with the anionic polysaccharide κ-carrageenan. Experimental parameters such as pH, contact time between the hybrid magnetic nanoparticles (HMNPs) and rabbit serum, and total protein concentration or dilution factor of serum were evaluated. The best results were achieved at pH 5.0, with a contact time of 60 min and using a rabbit serum with a total protein concentration of 4.8 mg·mL−1. Under these conditions, it was obtained an IgG purification factor and adsorption yield onto the HMNPs of 3.0 and 90%, respectively. The desorption of IgG from the HMNPs was evaluated using two strategies: a KCl aqueous solution and buffered aqueous solutions. Comparing to the initial rabbit serum, an IgG purification factor of 2.7 with a recovery yield of 74% were obtained using a buffered aqueous solution at pH 7.0. After desorption, the secondary structure of IgG and other proteins was evaluated by circular dichroism and no changes in the secondary structure were observed, meaning that the IgG integrity is kept after the adsorption and desorption steps. In summary, the application of HMNPs in the purification of IgG from serum samples has a high potential as a new downstream platform.in publicatio

Glycan affinity magnetic nanoplatforms for urinary glycobiomarkers discovery in bladder cancer

Bladder Cancer (BC) presents one of the highest recurrence rates amongst solid tumours and constitutes the second deadliest disease of the genitourinary track. Non-invasive identification of patients facing disease recurrence and/or progression remains one of the most critical and challenging aspects in disease management. To contribute to this goal, we demonstrate the potential of glycan-affinity glycoproteomics nanoplatforms for urinary biomarkers discovery in bladder cancer. Briefly, magnetic nanoprobes (MNP) coated with three broad-spectrum lectins, namely Concanavalin A (ConA; MNP@ConA), Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA; MNP@WGA), and Sambucus nigra (SNA; MNP@SNA), were used to selectively capture glycoproteins from the urine of low-grade and high-grade non-muscle invasive as well as muscle-invasive BC patients. Proteins were identified by nano-LC MALDI-TOF/TOF and data was curated using bioinformatics tools (UniProt, NetOGlyc, NetNGlyc, ClueGO app for Cytoscape and Oncomine) to highlight clinically relevant species. Accordingly, 63 glycoproteins were exclusively identified in cancer samples compared with healthy controls matching in age and gender. Specific glycoprotein sets exclusively found in low-grade non-muscle invasive bladder tumours may aid early diagnosis, while those only found in high-grade non-invasive and muscle-invasive tumours hold potential for accessing progression. Amongst these proteins is bladder cancer stem-cell marker CD44, which has been associated with poor prognosis. Orthogonal validation studies by slot-blotting demonstrated an elevation in urine CD44 levels of high-grade patients, which became more pronounced upon muscle-invasion, in mimicry of the primary tumour. These observations demonstrate the potential of MNP@lectins for identification of clinically relevant glycoproteomics signatures in bladder cancer. Future clinical validation in a larger and well characterized patient subset is required envisaging clinical translation of the results.publishe

Resultâncias fisiobiológicas da radiação ultravioleta e suas funções na carcinogênese de pele

The aim of this study is to expose the effects that solar radiation causes to the human body and identify its role in skin carcinogenesis. This is a narrative review, where a search for articles was carried out in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, with the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): Cancer; Skin; Radiation; combined with each other using the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". Selecting articles between the periods of 2011 and 2022, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, to increase the level of relevance and quality of the review, in addition to the technical-scientific basis coming from literary works renowned in history. In relation to skin cancer , UV radiation plays a complete role in oncogenesis, after all it modifies the physiobiological functions of cells and their architecture. Changes in the DNA of cells, the frequency and amount of sun exposure, are the factors that lead to cancer over time, especially in regions with greater exposure. Therefore, there is a need to change lifestyle habits, such as using chemical sunscreens and thick clothing, increasing skin protection. In addition to raising awareness among the population about the warning signs of the tumor and its characteristics, so that early access to health units and therapy can minimize its effects. Scientific research should also be encouraged, after all, cancer continues to be a disease that needs to be radicalized.El objetivo de este estudio es exponer los efectos que la radiación solar provoca en el cuerpo humano e identificar su papel en la carcinogénesis cutánea. Se trata de una revisión narrativa, donde se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), con los siguientes Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS): Cáncer; Piel; Radiación; combinados entre sí mediante los operadores booleanos "Y" y "O". Seleccionar artículos entre los períodos de 2011 y 2022, en inglés, portugués y español, para incrementar el nivel de relevancia y calidad de la reseña, además de la base técnico-científica proveniente de obras literarias de renombre en la historia. En relación con el cáncer de piel, la radiación UV juega un papel completo en la oncogénesis, al fin y al cabo modifica las funciones fisiobiológicas de las células y su arquitectura. Los cambios en el ADN de las células, la frecuencia y cantidad de exposición al sol, son los factores que conducen al cáncer con el tiempo, especialmente en regiones con mayor exposición. Por ello, surge la necesidad de cambiar hábitos de vida, como el uso de protectores solares químicos y ropa gruesa, aumentando la protección de la piel. Además de concientizar a la población sobre las señales de alerta del tumor y sus características, para que el acceso temprano a las unidades de salud y la terapia puedan minimizar sus efectos. También se debe fomentar la investigación científica, al fin y al cabo, el cáncer sigue siendo una enfermedad que hay que radicalizar.Objetiva-se, neste estudo, expor os efeitos que a radiação solar provoca ao organismo humano e identificar o seu papel na carcinogênese de pele.&nbsp;Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, onde foi realizada&nbsp; uma&nbsp; pesquisa&nbsp; de&nbsp; artigos&nbsp; nas&nbsp; bases&nbsp; de&nbsp; dados&nbsp; Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), com os&nbsp; seguintes&nbsp; Descritores&nbsp; em&nbsp; Ciências&nbsp; da&nbsp; Saúde (DeCS): Câncer; Pele; Radiação; combinados entre si utilizando os operadores booleanos&nbsp; "AND"&nbsp; e "OR". Selecionando artigos entre os períodos de 2011 a 2022, nos idiomas Inglês, Português e Espanhol, para ampliar o nível de relevância e a qualidade da revisão, além do embasamento técnico-científico advindo de obras literárias conceituadas pela história.Com relação ao câncer de pele, a radiação UV tem total papel na oncogênese, afinal modifica as funções fisiobiológicas das células e sua arquitetura. As alterações de DNA das células, a frequencia e quantidade de exposição solar, são os fatores que proporcionam, com o tempo, o câncer, sobretudo, em regiões com maior exposição. Logo, há necessidade de alterar hábitos de vida, como utilizar protetores químicos contra os raios solares e roupas grossas, aumentando a proteção da pele. Além de conscientizar a população sobre os sinais de alerta do tumor e sobre suas características, para que o acesso precoce a unidades de saúde e a terapêutica consiga minimizar seus efeitos. Pesquisas científicas também deveriam ser incentivadas, afinal, o câncer continua sendo uma doença que necessita ser radicalizada.&nbsp

Fitossociologia comparada da comunidade herbáceo-subarbustiva de restinga em duas geoformações de dunas na planície costeira de Santa Catarina

Dunas são geoformações arenosas produzidas exclusivamente pela ação eólica que se dispõem a partir da região pós-praia. Sobre as dunas desenvolvem-se comunidades vegetais de restinga tipicamente herbáceo-subarbustivas condicionadas pelos fatores ambientais limitantes que influenciam sua organização sociológica. O presente estudo objetivou identificar, por meio do levantamento fitossociológico, possíveis diferenças estruturais entre comunidades instaladas em dois tipos de dunas (frontais e parabólicas). Foi alocado um total de 250 unidades amostrais para caracterização dos parâmetros de cobertura e frequência, absolutas e relativas, e valor de importância das espécies amostradas, além de índices de diversidade e similaridade. Foram levantadas 39 espécies, distribuídas em 37 gêneros e 23 famílias, sendo a maior diversidade observada nas dunas parabólicas e a maior dominância nas dunas frontais, além de certa coocorrência de espécies. As famílias mais ricas em espécies foram Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae e Cyperaceae. Os resultados obtidos sinalizam que a organização sociológica das comunidades herbáceo-subarbustivas de restinga sobre dunas frontais e parabólicas difere entre si em diversidade, composição e dominância de espécies, as quais devem ser fortemente influenciadas pelas condições ambientais, principalmente pelo vento, que atuam em diferentes níveis sobre essas comunidades. Tais informações podem contribuir com ações de conservação ambiental e da biodiversidade da restinga ante a elevada pressão antrópica na costa catarinense

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema