Community Reinsertion in the Criminal Justice System: The role of professionalized officers in the Costa Rican Early Release System.

This article introduces post-carceral treatment and supervision in the Costa Rican Penitentiary System. It focuses on two programs for prisoners who apply for early release and continue to receive professional intervention until the completion of their sentence. Interviews to Costa Rican penitentiary officers from two regional offices in the Puntarenas Province were conducted in 2021 to determine the characteristics of day-to-day supervision of former prisoners benefitted with early release. From the results of the interviews, it became clear that Costa Rican penitentiary work is highly specialized and discretionary. In the future, a comparison of the degree of specialization and discretion with other jurisdictions will help elucidate how penitentiary work influences the outcome of penitentiary treatment in community settings

Improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio in digital holography

Un problema fundamental en holografía óptica y digital es la presencia de ruido speckle en el proceso de reconstrucción, el cual disminuye considerablemente la relación señal ruido (SNR). Para muchas aplicaciones, esta reducción de la SNR hace que la holografía digital sea impráctica, de modo que gran número de alternativas se utilizan con el propósito de superar este problema. Estas alternativas van desde modificar la coherencia espacial de la iluminación a la aplicación de técnicas del procesamiento de imágenes. En este artículo proponemos el acople de técnicas del procesamiento digital de imágenes con la intención de incrementar esta SNR por medio de la reducción del ruido speckle en la reconstrucción digital de hologramas de Fresnel registrados ópticamente. Las técnicas propuestas son ilustradas con resultados experimentales.A fundamental problem in optical and digital holography is the presence of speckle noise in the reconstruction process, which essentially diminishes the signal to noise ratio (SNR). For many applications, that reduction of the SNR makes the digital holography impractical, so great number of approaches have been carried out in order to overcome such a problem. They range from modifying the spatial coherence of the illumination to the application of image processing techniques. In this paper we propose the merged use of digital image processing techniques in order to increase this SNR by reducing the speckle noise in the digital reconstruction of optically recorded Fresnel’s holograms. The proposed techniques are illustrated with experimental results.Un problema fundamental en holografía óptica y digital es la presencia de ruido speckle en el proceso de reconstrucción, el cual disminuye considerablemente la relación señal ruido (SNR). Para muchas aplicaciones, esta reducción de la SNR hace que la holografía digital sea impráctica, de modo que gran número de alternativas se utilizan con el propósito de superar este problema. Estas alternativas van desde modificar la coherencia espacial de la iluminación a la aplicación de técnicas del procesamiento de imágenes. En este artículo proponemos el acople de técnicas del procesamiento digital de imágenes con la intención de incrementar esta SNR por medio de la reducción del ruido speckle en la reconstrucción digital de hologramas de Fresnel registrados ópticamente. Las técnicas propuestas son ilustradas con resultados experimentales

How Does a P System Sound?

P systems are computational devices versatile enough to represent many real-life scenarios. In this paper, we present a first interpretation for P systems where a computation produces a set of sounds. The idea is to associate sounds to the application of specific rules in the P system. The application of such rules produces sounds of one time unit. Different rules produce different sounds. The combination of such sounds along time can be interpreted as music.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2008-04487-EMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN-2009-13192Junta de Andalucía P08-TIC-0420

Wavelet analysis of a Sentinel-2 time series to detect land use changes in agriculture in the Vega Alta of the Guadalquivir River: Cantillana case study (Seville)

Historically, the Vega Alta of the Guadalquivir River (southern Spain) has been an anthropized space. Over time, the dominance of latifundia agriculture has evolved towards more intensive citrus-based agriculture. In this study, wavelet algorithms applied to Sentinel-2 time series were used to determine both the expansion of citrus plantations and the level of intensification of these plantations within the municipality of Cantillana. Sentinel-2 provides comprehensive global coverage from March 2017 to the present. Our study applied a 90% power wavelet transformation for the creation of a wavelet-smoothed time series for four years of Sentinel-2 NDVI data. Based on the data, it can be stated that within our research region covering 5000 hectares of agricultural land, over a span of four years (2017 to 2020), more than 980 hectares of native vegetation and pasture were transformed into citrus orchards, giving rise, at the end of 2020, to a total area of 3250 ha. Analyzing unique spatial patterns within a wavelet-smoothed time series data is very useful for land management, as it allows land use changes to be controlled. For this reason, it becomes feasible to assess the reliability of the wavelet method using both remote sensing and GIS tools

Characterizing affine C-semigroups

Let C subset of N-p be a finitely generated integer cone and S subset of C be an affine semigroup such that the real cones generated by C and by S are equal. The semigroup S is called C-semigroup if C \ S is a finite set. In this paper, we characterize the C-semigroups from their minimal generating sets, and we give an algorithm to check if S is a C-semigroup and to compute its set of gaps. We also study the embedding dimension of C-semigroups obtaining a lower bound for it, and introduce some families of C-semigroups whose embedding dimension reaches our bound. In the last section, we present a method to obtain a decomposition of a C-semigroup into irreducible C-semigroups.The authors thank the referees for their helpful observations. The authors were partially supported by Junta de Andalucia research group FQM-366. The first author was supported by the Programa Operativo de Empleo Juvenil 2014-2020, financed by the European Social Fund within the Youth Guarantee initiative. The second, third and fourth authors were partially supported by the project MTM2017-84890-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE), and the fourth author was partially supported by the project MTM2015-65764-C3-1-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE)

A Strain-Based Method to Detect Tires' Loss of Grip and Estimate Lateral Friction Coefficient from Experimental Data by Fuzzy Logic for Intelligent Tire Development

This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in Spain 2017Tires are a key sub-system of vehicles that have a big responsibility for comfort, fuel consumption and traffic safety. However, current tires are just passive rubber elements which do not contribute actively to improve the driving experience or vehicle safety. The lack of information from the tire during driving gives cause for developing an intelligent tire. Therefore, the aim of the intelligent tire is to monitor tire working conditions in real-time, providing useful information to other systems and becoming an active system. In this paper, tire tread deformation is measured to provide a strong experimental base with different experiments and test results by means of a tire fitted with sensors. Tests under different working conditions such as vertical load or slip angle have been carried out with an indoor tire test rig. The experimental data analysis shows the strong relation that exists between lateral force and the maximum tensile and compressive strain peaks when the tire is not working at the limit of grip. In the last section, an estimation system from experimental data has been developed and implemented in Simulink to show the potential of strain sensors for developing intelligent tire systems, obtaining as major results a signal to detect tire's loss of grip and estimations of the lateral friction coefficient

Aportes de la administración de recursos humanos en el desarrollo organizacional del Hospital de Pueblo Nuevo en el I Semestre 2016

La presente investigación se realizó en el Hospital Monseñor Julio César Videa del Municipio de Pueblo Nuevo del Departamento de Estelí - Nicaragua, realizado durante el primer semestre del año 2016. En esta investigación se analizan los efectos de la administración de recursos humanos para el desarrollo de la organización, y el funcionamiento de recursos humanos como es reclutar, seleccionar, comunicar y capacitar al personal del Hospital; también se propone un plan de mejora que permita el desarrollo de la organización. El estudio se justificó con el análisis de variables del ambiente interno, conducta laboral, percepción de los usuarios externos con la atención del servicio, contribuir a una mejor interrelación entre las personas que demandan servicios de salud con el personal que labora en el Hospital. Metodológicamente la investigación se aborda mediante hipótesis con variable dependiente e independiente, con la aplicación de un diseño de investigación de campo. El método que se utilizó fue enfoque cuantitativo que es de tipo descriptivo el cual permitió diseñar los instrumentos de recolección de datos como son la encuesta y la entrevista. El procesamiento de datos permitió determinar que el área de administración de recursos humanos realiza un buen funcionamiento para la búsqueda de la calidad y la mejora en el ambiente organizacional así como brindar buen servici