253 research outputs found

    Dynamic Security-aware Routing for Zone-based data Protection in Multi-Processor System-on-Chips

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    In this work, we propose a NoC which enforces the encapsulation of sensitive traffic inside the asymmetrical security zones while using minimal and non-minimal paths. The NoC routes guarantee that the sensitive traffic is communicated only through the trusted nodes which belong to the security zone. As the shape of the zones may change during operation, the sensitive traffic must be routed through low-risk paths. We test our proposal and we show that our solution can be an efficient and scalable alternative for enforce the data protection inside the MPSoC

    A construção das competências pedagógicas através da prática como componente curricular na formação inicial em educação física

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    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física.A realização de atividades de prática pedagógica tem sido proposta na legislação sobre a formação de professores, por desempenhar um papel fundamental na construção de competências pedagógicas dos estudantes-professores, bem como na articulação adequada entre teoria e prática. No entanto, as investigações realizadas sobre esta temática não têm apresentado resultados satisfatórios sobre os aspectos intervenientes da sua operacionalização nos cursos de Licenciatura em Educação Física. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo buscou identificar os elementos constituintes das atividades de prática como componente curricular que contribuem para a construção das competências pedagógicas dos estudantes-professores na formação inicial em Educação Física. Optou-se pela realização de estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados, através de uma avaliação retrospectiva dos estudantes-professores sobre as práticas pedagógicas vivenciadas nas disciplinas desportivas na formação inicial. Participaram do estudo os dez professores-formadores responsáveis pelas disciplinas desportivas do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade de Caxias do Sul - RS, e dez estudantes-professores egressos desse curso. Os estudantes-professores foram escolhidos intencionalmente, entre aqueles que haviam participado de todas as modalidades de práticas pedagógicas e de acordo com o desempenho acadêmico no curso. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta das informações foram a análise documental e a entrevista, realizada tanto com os estudantes-professores, quanto com os professores-formadores. Na análise dos dados foram empregados os procedimentos de análise de conteúdo, bem como a triangulação, a partir da análise documental, das entrevistas e do referencial bibliográfico. A apresentação e análise das informações concentrou-se sobre as seguintes categorias de análise: ministrar aulas para os colegas: as práticas pedagógicas entre os estudantes-professores; práticas pedagógicas com alunos da comunidade na formação dos estudantes-professores; e relação teoria e prática nas práticas pedagógicas com os colegas e com a comunidade. O estudo evidenciou a importância da realização das atividades práticas para a formação dos professores, tanto as práticas desportivas, quanto, e fundamentalmente, as práticas pedagógicas, desenvolvidas com os colegas e, principalmente, com os alunos da comunidade. A realização do planejamento das aulas, a possibilidade de aproximação do contexto escolar, o acompanhamento do professor-formador, as reflexões e os debates sobre a prática pedagógica, a inserção lenta e gradativa no mundo da docência, como preparação para os Estágios Supervisionados, e a descoberta da vocação para ser professor foram considerados os elementos constituintes da prática como componente curricular que mais contribuem para o desenvolvimento das competências pedagógicas dos estudantes-professores. A partir dessa investigação, sugere-se o aprofundamento dos estudos sobre as práticas pedagógicas, através da realização de pesquisas no ambiente natural e por um período prolongado, visando elucidar os elementos intervenientes no processo de construção do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo na formação inicial em Educação Física

    Relações entre a prática pedagígica de professores e as proposições dos parâmetros curriculares nacionais

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    Los Parámetros Curriculares Nacionales (PCNs) constituyen referenciales orientadores del planeamiento y de la gestión para los profesores de la enseñanza básica, proponiendo la sistematización de la enseñanza de los juegos, de los deportes, de la danza, de la gimnasia y de las luchas. Así, este estudio se propuso determinar cómo esos contenidos se incluyen en las prácticas pedagógicas de los profesores de los primeros años de escuela primaria. De carácter cualitativo, participaron en este estudio de caso cinco profesores de educación física de las escuelas públicas de una ciudad de la provincia de Rio Grande do Sul. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de análisis de documentos de los proyectos político-pedagógicos de las escuelas y de los planes de estudio de los profesores, entrevista con los profesores, observaciones de sus clases. Los resultados demuestran como el contenido más trabajado las habilidades motoras y los juegos, así como la dimensión de contenidos actitudinales. Por lo tanto, la enseñanza de estos profesores no incluye todas las proposiciones de los PCNs, que también sugieren el enfoque de los deportes, de la danza, de la gimnasia y de las luchas.As guiding referential for planning and management of teachers’ actions, Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais da Educação Física (PCNs) give orientation about approaching games, sports, dance, gym and martial arts in schools. Therefore, this study aims to verify how these contents are inserted in educational practices of teachers in the very beginning of Elementary School. This study has a qualitative approach. Five Physical Education teachers of public, schools from a small town in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul State, have participated in this study. Data was collected through bibliographical analysis of political and educational projects and teachers study plans; interview with teachers and classroom observation. Results show that many of the contents teachers usually work with their students, such as coordination skills and games, as well as contents in an attitude dimension, do not completely involve PCNs propositions, which suggest other approaches of sports, dance, gym and martial arts.Considerados referenciais orientadores do planejamento e da gestão da atuação docente dos professores, os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais da Educação Física (PCNs) orientam a abordagem dos jogos, dos esportes, das danças, das ginásticas e das lutas. Diante disso, o presente estudo buscou verificar como esses conteúdos se inserem nas práticas pedagógicas de professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. De cunho qualitativo, participaram desta pesquisa cinco professores de Educação Física de escolas públicas municipais de uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por meio de análise documental dos Projetos Político-pedagógicos e dos planos de estudos dos professores; entrevista com os professores; e observações de suas aulas. Os resultados demonstram como conteúdos predominantemente trabalhados as habilidades motoras e os jogos, bem como conteúdos de dimensão atitudinal, o que não contempla totalmente as proposições dos PCNs, que sugerem, também, a abordagem dos esportes, das danças, das ginásticas e das lutas

    Flow Based Load Balancing: Optimizing Web Servers Resource Utilization

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    The expansion of the Internet has caused a growth on the number of users requesting services through the network, as well as the number of servers and the amount of services they offer. In order to minimize this problem, web servers have started to use a distributed architecture implementation, however with only one external interface for receiving requests from users. In this paper, we propose an approach towards flow-oriented load balancing, using the OpenFlow technology. Thus, each data flow is directed to a server, according to the policy being employed. We evaluate three load balancing techniques: random choice, time slice based choice and weighted balancing, each of them with its advantages and disadvantages.Through our measurements, weighted balancing achieved the best results over the other policies. More over, random choice and time slice based choice are capable of distributing the load in an acceptable way among nodes, considering the average load of each server.Keywords: load balancing, OpenFlow, flow based load balancing

    Exploration and Analysis of Combinations of Hamming Codes in 32-bit Memories

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    Reducing the threshold voltage of electronic devices increases their sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation dramatically, increasing the probability of changing the memory cells' content. Designers mitigate failures using techniques such as Error Correction Codes (ECCs) to maintain information integrity. Although there are several studies of ECC usage in spatial application memories, there is still no consensus in choosing the type of ECC as well as its organization in memory. This work analyzes some configurations of the Hamming codes applied to 32-bit memories in order to use these memories in spatial applications. This work proposes the use of three types of Hamming codes: Ham(31,26), Ham(15,11), and Ham(7,4), as well as combinations of these codes. We employed 36 error patterns, ranging from one to four bit-flips, to analyze these codes. The experimental results show that the Ham(31,26) configuration, containing five bits of redundancy, obtained the highest rate of simple error correction, almost 97\%, with double, triple, and quadruple error correction rates being 78.7\%, 63.4\%, and 31.4\%, respectively. While an ECC configuration encompassed four Ham(7.4), which uses twelve bits of redundancy, only fixes 87.5\% of simple errors

    Genetic relatedness and molecular characterization of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in central Ohio, USA

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Over the last decade, nosocomial infections due to <it>Acinetobacter baumannii </it>have been described with an increasing trend towards multidrug resistance, mostly in intensive care units. The aim of the present study was to determine the clonal relatedness of clinical isolates and to elucidate the genetic basis of imipenem resistance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>A. baumannii </it>isolates (n = 83) originated from two hospital settings in central Ohio were used in this study. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for clinically relevant antimicrobials were performed. Resistance determinants were characterized by using different phenotypic (accumulation assay for efflux) and genotypic (PCR, DNA sequencing, plasmid analysis and electroporation) approaches.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The isolates were predominantly multidrug resistant (>79.5%) and comprised of thirteen unique pulsotypes, with genotype VII circulating in both hospitals. The presence of <it>bla</it><sub>OXA-23 </sub>in 13% (11/83) and IS<sub><it>Aba1 </it></sub>linked <it>bla</it><sub>OXA-66 </sub>in 79.5% (66/83) of clinical isolates was associated with high level imipenem resistance. In this set of OXA producing isolates, multidrug resistance was bestowed by <it>bla</it><sub>ADC-25</sub>, class 1 integron-borne aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, presence of sense mutations in <it>gyrA</it>/<it>parC </it>and involvement of active efflux (with evidence for the presence of <it>adeB </it>efflux gene).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study underscores the major role of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases, and in particular the acquired OXA-23, in the dissemination of imipenem-resistant <it>A. baumannii</it>. The co-occurrence of additional resistance determinant could also be a significant threat.</p

    Analiza pedagoškog znanja budućih nastavnika tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture

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    This study examined how pedagogical knowledge emerges in the teaching practice preservice teaching and supports the construction of pedagogical content knowledge of prospective physical education (PE) teachers. Four pairs of prospective PE teachers were purposefully selected to represent each of the four stages of a PE licensure. Data were collected during three academic semesters by means of interviews and structured reflective logs. The transcribed material was first divided into meaningful units, and then classified into three categories of analytical scope of pedagogical concern (macro, meso, and micro levels). Themes and patterns were sought by looking for similarities and differences among the data from analytical levels and prospective teacher pairs. Findings demonstrated that prospective PE teachers at the beginning of the program confined their primary educational concerns at the micro level, while those about to finish can also discern pedagogical issues at the meso level, but not yet at the macro level. Nevertheless, excessive concerns with a single lesson, with surviving, self-centered objectives and with a strict adherence to the planned strategies suggest a superficial share of pedagogical knowledge in the teaching practice preservice teaching and in the construction of the pedagogical content knowledge of the prospective teachers investigated.Ova studija je istraživala kako se pedagoško znanje očituje tijekom stručne prakse te kako podržava konstrukciju sadržaja pedagoškog znanja u budućih nastavnika tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Četiri para budućih profesora tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture bila su ciljano odabrana kao reprezentanti svakoga od četiri stupnja u procesu stjecanja kompetencija za provođenje nastave tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Podaci su se prikupljali tijekom tri semestra sveučilišne nastave intervjuima i strukturiranim dnevnicima rada. Prepisani dokumenti su najprije raspodijeljeni u smislene jedinice, a potom klasificirani u tri kategorije analitičkog raspona pedagoškog promišljanja (na makro, mezo i mikro razini). Teme i struktura znanja su definirane na temelju sličnosti i razlika između podataka koji su prikupljeni s različitih analitičkih razina od parova budućih nastavnika. Rezultati su pokazali da budući profesori tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture na početku svojeg školovanja ograničeno usmjeravaju pozornost na edukacijske vještine na mikro razini, dok oni koji su pri kraju svoje edukacije mogu prepoznavati i pedagoške probleme na mezo razini, ali ne i na makro razini. Ipak, pretjerana zaokupljenost pojedinačnim nastavnim satom, preživljavanjem, osobnim ciljevima te strogom provedbom planiranih strategija sugerira površan doprinos pedagoškog znanja procesu obrazovanja i konstrukciji sadržaja pedagoškog znanja budućih nastavnika tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture koji su bili sudionici ovoga kvalitativnog istraživanja

    Evaluation of the effect of intrathecal GM1 in 24, 48, and 72 hours after acute spinal cord injury in rats

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    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the best timing and feasibility of intrathecal application of sodium monosialoganglioside (GM1) after spinal cord contusion in Wistar rats as an experimental model. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were submitted to contusion spinal cord injury after laminectomy. The animals were randomized and divided into four groups: Group 1 – Intrathecal application of GM1 24 hours after contusion; Group 2 – Intrathecal application of GM1 48 hours after contusion; Group 3 – intrathecal application of GM1 72 hours after contusion; Group 4 – Sham, with laminectomy and intrathecal application of 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, without contusion. The recovery of locomotor function was evaluated at seven different moments by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test. They were also assessed by the horizontal ladder, with sensory-motor behavioral assessment criteria, pre-and postoperatively. Results: This experimental study showed better functional scores in the group submitted to the application of GM1, with statistically significant results, showing a mean increase when evaluated on known motor tests like the horizontal ladder and BBB, at all times of evaluation (p &lt; 0.05), especially in group 2 (48 hours after spinal cord injury). Also, fewer mistakes and slips over the horizontal ladder were observed, and many points were achieved at the BBB scale analysis. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the intrathecal application of GM1 after spinal cord contusion in Wistar rats is feasible. The application 48 hours after the injury presented the best functional results
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